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. 







“THE LECTURER” 



flUMAN plATUI^E EflHJJOHD 

» 

A 

New Illustrated Treatise 

ON 

HUMAN SCIENCE 


FOR THE FEOFLI 



N. N. RIDDELL, Ph. D. 

Scientific Lecturer and Reformer 
AUTHOR OF 


44 True Manhood, ” “ True Womanhood, ” “ Pre-natal Culture, ’ 1 
“Family Government,” 44 Building- a Man,” 

44 Character Building-,” Etc. 


AS ASSISTED BY 

LOUISE E. FRANCIS 

* 


The value of a life is determined by what it accomplishes 
for the progress of humanity. 









. 





WFYRHSHITEI& PY 





f MINUS 














INTRODUCTION. 

Truth and love the dynamic power—The age of reason—Contending forces—The 
social problems and their solution—The knowledge the world most needs—The 
mistake in government—Man a microism—The social, financial, political, intellec¬ 
tual and religious problems, what is needed for their solution—Impulses found in 
human life—Why mental differences—Importance of studying human nature—In¬ 
herent differences—True and false education—A knowledge of man a prerequisite 
to the proper solution of all questions—Capital and labor—Intemperance and 
crime.. Pages 9-13 

HUnAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 

Part I. 

THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE. 

What is life?—The vital spark found in all nature—Atomic magnetism—The 
substance of life—How it becomes organized—Increasing complexity of life currents 
—Their physical expression—All life is one, differing ohly in degrees of awakening— 
All organizations are but the physical expression of God’s thoughts—How life is 
perpetuated. ..- .. 14-19 


MAN. 

Man an epitome of the universe—Organization corresponds with soul life— 
Transformation of substances to higher forms of life—The transforming power— 
Spiritual life—How perpetuated—Heaven and hell. - .... 20-22 

MAGNETISn. 

Its origin, nature and influence—Atomic currents—Their variety and combina¬ 
tions—Difference in individual magnetism and how caused—Why some are more 
magnetic than others—How primary elements of mind are formed—How combined 
to produce mind—Magnetism corresponds to mental states. ... 22-25 

THE LAW OF MAGNETIC CURRENTS. 

Their modes of motion—When asleep and awake—Effect of positive and nega¬ 
tive states in resisting disease—Hypnotic state and how produced—Control of one 
mind over another—Hypnotic influences in society. .... 25-27 

riAGNETIC OR MIND HEALING. 

Relation of magnetic currents to functional activities—The healing power— 

Effects of the patient’s mind—The philosophy of disease. ... 27-28 

THOUGHT TRANSniSSION AND HIND READING. 

Thought transmission by magnetic currents—How currents are established— 
What minds are most susceptible—How to develop the power—Guardian angels and 
personal devils. - - - - -- -- -- -- - 28-30 

ELEMENTS OF MIND. 

Soul, mind and body, their relation and dependence upon one another—How- 
primary elements of mind are formed—Their positive and negative states—Then- 
condition at birth—How brought into use—Spiritual light. ... 30-33 

BODY AND MIND. 

The mind divided into several elements—Each function has its organ—The brain 
the organ of the mind—Nerve centers in the brain—The brain the organ of the 
body—Relation of disease to mentality, vice and crime—The brain the center 
through which all physical states effect the mental and vice versa—How mental 
states may produce or cure disease. - 33-37 

CONSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENCES. 

Diversity of character the result of degrees of strength and not in number of 
faculties—How differences and peculiarities are determined—The visible expresses 
the invisible man. - -- -- - ... - - - 37~39 








4 


CONTENTS. 


PHYSICAL CONDITIONS. 

Part II. 

HEREDITY AND PRE-NATAL CULTURE. 

Importance of being well born—Inherent tendencies the primary source of 
genius, individuality, morality, vice and crime—How parental states are trans¬ 
mitted—Paternal and maternal influence—Influence of the Father’s intemperance 
or dishonor upon his child—How transient states of the Mother’s mind effect the 
child—How natural tendencies to vice and crime are perpetuated in the race—Re¬ 
lation of poverty to crime—How natural tendencies toward mechanism, art, music, 
literature and even genius may be produced at will. ... Pages 39-43 

ORGANIC QUALITY. 

The inherent texture and how determined—Its influence upon brain and mind, 
sentiment and character—Degrees of Organic Quality as indicated by facial expres¬ 
sion. -------- ........ 44-46 

HEALTH. 

Its value and importance—Its relation to success and happiness—How obtained 
and retained—Fffects of health upon mind and character. ... 46-48 

FOOD, IT 5 QUANTITY AND QUALITY. 

Most people eat too much—A loaded stomach, a sluggish mind—The best diet 
for man—When meat may be used—Effects of animal food upon mind and charac¬ 
ter—Relation of animal food to intemperance, vice and crime—Pork meat and biped 
hogs—People eat most of their diseases—Modern cookery and dyspepsia—Periodical 
headache—Nervousness, irritability and the blues—Tea, coffee and tobacco, their 
relation to domestic infelicities. - 48-54 

PURE AIR AND PURE WATER. 

The life-giving breath and cleansing stream—Importance of pure air, its relation 
to health and mental activity—Breathing power and brain power—Oxygenation, its 
relation to digestion and circulation—Water the chariot of the microbe—Importance 
of pure water and its abundant use—How and when it should be used in health and 
disease. - -- --. 54-57 

IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE. 

Hard work a prerequisite to physical strength and mental vigor—Strong mind 
requires a strong body—Sleep and rest—Importance of and how to secure 
them..57-58 

THE TEMPERAMENTS. 

Constitutional differences classified—What constitutes a temperament—Physical 
and mental characteristcis—The property of mind imparted by each tempera¬ 
ment. .. 59-60 

THE riOTIVE TEMPERAnENT. 

Its physical and mental characteristics—How its strength may be determined— 
Its influence upon mind and character. - -- -- -- - 60-63 

THE VITAL TEMPERAHENT. 

Its physical and mental characteristics—How to estimate its strength—Its in¬ 
fluence upon the propensities and feelings—Its combinations—Mental peculiarities 
accompanying it. ------------- 63-66 

DIGESTIVE POWER. 

Physical conditions of—Order of functional activity—Importance of mastication 
and salivation—Evils of eating too fast—Disorders of the digestive function—Their 
cause and remedy—Effects upon mind and character..66-68 

CIRCULATORY POWER. 

Nervous energy the motive power—The heart the regulator—Indications of 
good circulation—The life line—Its mental characteristics. ... 68-69 

BREATHING POWER. 

The breath of life—The dynamic power of oxygen—The relation of deep breath¬ 
ing to circulation and mental vigor—Too lazy to breathe—To increase breathing 
power—Chest measurement and expansion..69-71 

THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 

Its physical and mental characteristics—How its strength may be estimated—Its 
indication in childhood—Precocious children and their development—Combination 
of temperaments—The well-balanced the best—Special temperament gives special 
genius. - .. 71-74 

ACTIVITY AND INTENSITY. 

Variations in natural activity—Its physical indications and mental peculiarities 
—Temperamental conditions most conducive to Activity. - 74-75 









CONTENTS 


5 


EXCITABILITY OR EMOTIONALITY. 

Temperaments most favorable to—Its influence over the feelings and senti¬ 
ments—Its relation to character, panics and public demonstrations. - Pages 75-76 

• BRAIN AND MIND. 

Part III. 

THE nEMBRANES AND SKULL. 

Their anatomy and relation to the brain—Formation of the skull—Its conforma¬ 
tion to the brain—How its thickness is determined. ----- 76-78 

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

The chariot of the soul—How nervous matter is organized—Fiber and ganglion 
—The two systems. .78-80 

THE BRAIN. 

Its three distinct parts; cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata—Anatomy 
of cerebrum, its white fibers and gray matter—Convolutions—The cerebellum, its 
location and function—The medulla oblongata—The center of the nervous sys¬ 
tem. . 80-83 

THE SYriPATHETIC SYSTEM. 

Its relation to the vital organs—Its influence over the brain and mind—Effects 
of mental states over the sympathetic system. -.83-84 

BRAIN CENTERS. 

The brain a congeries of organs—Each element of mind has its center in the 
brain—Duality of organs. - -- -- -- -- -- 84-86 

SIZE A MEASURE OF POWER. 

Mentality corresponds with brain development—Special developments and 
partial genius—Quality and quantity—Average weight of brain. - 86-88 

HOW BRAIN DEVELOPMENTS ARE ESTIMATED. 

Relative and absolute size—Length of brain fiber and how determined—Gray 
matter the measure of intelligence—Outlines of heads. - 88-90 

RELATION OF MIND TO BRAIN AND EXPRESSION. 

Each element of the mind has its pole in the face—Active powers are alone 
expressed—The face the register of the soul..90-92 

THE LAW OF GROWTH. 

Activity gives life, inertia death—The whole mind made over. - - 92 

PRIMARY ELEMENTS ALL GOOD. 

All normal action is proper—There are no bad propensities. 93 

GROUPS OF ELEMENTS, HOW FORMED. 

The evolution of the brain—Correspondence of intelligence to brain develop¬ 
ment—The seven groups—Their location and facial expression—Their relation to 
mind, character and civilization—The strongest group rules. - - 93- 100 

THE UNFOLDMENT OF MIND. 

The cycle of the man and the race—The natural order in the child—Propensity 
and feeling in youth, reason and sentiment in old age—The childhood of the race— 
The reign of propensity—Necessity and progress, observation, memory and judg¬ 
ment—The dawn of chivalry—The dream of equality—Christ the light of civiliza¬ 
tion. -------- ------- 100-104 

LOCATION AND DEFINITION OF ELEMENTS—ILLUSTRATED. 

Part III. 

THE SEVEN SELFISH PROPENSITIES 

Self-preservation the first law of nature—The basis of selfishness—The power of 
propensity. - - - - - - - - - - . - . - 107-109 

Vitativeness—Tenacity of life—The dream of immortality. - - 109-110 

Courage .Self protection—Physical and mental energy. - - - 110-113 

Executiveness—The active principle of energy—The chisel of life. - 113-116 

Appetite—Normal and perverted—Combined with Friendship—Influence upon 
character—Children governed by appetite—Its rule to ruin. ... 116-119 

Bibacity—Use of liquids—Water starvation—Drunkenness, its cause aud cure— 
The liquor business—The enemy of reform—Public sentiment versus money. 119-122 

Acquisitiveness—The tendency to get and hold—Influence upon character—The 
god of gold—Abuse of property rights—The aristocracy of wealth—The dream of 
ambition—Solution of the great social problem—Dethrone gold and enthrone char¬ 
acter—Bankers and mechanics compared. ------- 122-129 







6 


CONTENTS 


Secretiveness—The basis of policy—Self control—Deception—Counterfeiting— 
Prevarication—Tricks in trade—Shams..- Pages 129-133 

THE FIVE SOCIAL FEELINGS. 

Cerebral location and facial expression—The basis of society—The tree of life— 
Its five branches—Primitive social conditions—The dawn of chivalry—The evolu¬ 
tion of society. - -- -- -- -- -- -- 133-136 

Amativeness—How its strength may be determined—Its power over mind and 
character—What young people should know—How perverted—The social evil, its 
cause and remedy. - -- -- - -- -- - - 137-143 

“Pure Heart” Pledges—A white life for two. ----- 143-144 

Conjugality—The basis of marriage—The law of harmony—A proper selection— 
Marriage on the decline—Social infidelity—Divorce. ----- 145-150 

Parental Love—The instinctive care of the young—Its relation to family gov¬ 
ernment—Make companions of children. - -- -- -- - 150-154 

Friendship—The adhesive power of society—In primitive man—Fraternal organ¬ 
izations—No friendship in business—Friendship versus love—The brotherhood 
of man. - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 154-157 

lnhabitiveness—The love of home—Tendency to travel—Patriotism. - 157-T60 

THE FIVE SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 

Location and expression—Prudence and sagacity—Basis of ambition—Selfish 
aspirations and self respect. - -- -- -- -- - 161-163 

Caution—The sentinel of life^-Influence upon character—The panic. - 163-166 
Approbation—The sense of approval in animal and man—Diversity of ambi¬ 
tions—The ladder of fame. - -- -- - .... 166-170 

Self Reliance—Self respect the basis of moral conduct—Self confidence and its 
necessity—Dignity and pride—The leader among men—National types—Subor¬ 
dinate places held by superior minds. - -- -- -- - 170-274 

Firmness—The Samson-post of character—The sustainer of conviction. 174-177 
Continuity—Persistent application — The way to success—Scattering the 

forces. -*--- . ------ 177-179 

THE SEVEN SEni=INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. 

The basis of mechanism, art and poetry—Creative fancy—The advance guard of 
civilization—The power of imagination, and inventive genius. - 180-183 

Constructiveness—Mechanical and literary construction—Construction and 

civilization. - -- --.183-186 

Ideality—The finisher of the mind—Creator ©f art—Sense of the beautiful— 
Perfection of character—The poetry of the future. ------ 186-190 

Sublimity—The power of expausiveness—Relation to mind—Grandeur of 
nature—Its relation to mythology and Christianity—Exaggeration. - 190-194 

Imitation—The mirror of the mind—Perpetuator of forms and customs—Shams 
and frauds—Basis of education—Imitation versus originality. - - 194-198 

Hirthfulness—The joker—A refreshing breeze to the soul. - - 198-201 

Agreeableness—Sunshine—The power of a smile—A harsh word. - 201-203 

Human Nature—Intuition of character, its importance—The physiog¬ 
nomist. ---------- ----- 203-207 

THE TWELVE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 

Their location and facial expression—How their strength may be determined— 
The door of knowledge—The basis of judgment—The practical mind. - 208-221 

Individuality—The observer—The thingness of things. ... 211-214 

Form—Memory of outlines, faces, etc.—Its cultivation. - 214-215 

Size—Pdrception of dimensions—Relativity of size—Standard of measure¬ 
ments. --------------- 215-217 

Weight—Perception of gravity—Balancing power—Estimation of force. 217-219 
Color—Sight versus perception of—Application to art. ... 219-221 

Order—Heaven’s first law—Importance of system—Application to bus¬ 
iness. --------------- 221-224 

Calculation—The science of numbers—Mathematical power—Its combina¬ 
tions. . - 224-226 

Locality—Relative positions—Fondness for travel—Ths mariner — The 

trailer. - -- -- -- - ------- 226-228 

Eventuality—Memory versus recollection—Strong impressions never lost— 
Never-forgetting—Philosophy of memory—Memory a compound of many ele¬ 
ments. . 229-233 

Time—Basis of reckoning—To keep time—Memory of dates, - - 233-236 

Tune—The philosophy of music—The power of song- - 236-239 

Language—Natural and artificial expression—Primitive and present—The 
orator. . .. .-----• 239-242 

















CONTENTS. 


7 


THE TWO REASONING POWERS. 

The basis of reason and logic—Genius and originality—The man who thinks— 
Superstition versus knowledge—Instinct versus reason—A free soul. Pages 243-246 
Causality— The cause seeker—Basis of philosophy—The inventor—Origin¬ 
ality. - . 246-250 

Comparison —Power of analysis—The parable—All knowledge compar¬ 
ative. . 250-253 


THE FIVE nORAL SENTIMENTS. 

The champions of justice—Basis of religion—The windows of the soul—The 
balm of sympathy—The Christ in man—Dominion over the animal kingdom—The 
march of civilization—Inconsistent Christians—Creeds, dogmas and isms; how 
formed—The need of charity—No two are tempted alike—God alone can judge—The 

power of salvation..*.254-261 

Conscience—The desire for right—Its dependence upon judgment—Influence of 
education—The champion of justice—Moral law—Honor and dishonor. - 262-268 
Hope—The torchlight of imagination—Earth’s gladdener and heaven’s charm— 
The inspirer of energy—The champion of progress—The dream of poetry—What 
shall the future be?—Hope versus gloom. ------- 268-273 

Spirituality—The light within—Faith—Credulity—Spiritual intuition—The 
conscious communion of a soul with its God—Superstition—What is heaven?—Use 
and abuse of spiritism—Test the spirits—The designing one. ... 273-280 

Veneration—The soul’s affinity for God—Reverence—The inspirer of prayer— 
Worship instinctive in human nature—Man’s conception of his God—Why we 
differ—Devotional exercises and their power in the world—Man resembles the God 
he worships—The deficiency of reverence. ------- 280-286 

Kindness—The fountain of sympathy—The peacemaker—Forgiveness—The 
highest law in human nature—The Christ in man—Charity, what is it?—Kind and 
unkind characters—Kindness versus cruelty—Justice versus forgiveness—The 
leaven of Christianity—Public and private charities—Unwarranted forgiveness— 

The abuses of Kindness. . ..286-293 

THE ALPHABET OF THE HIND. 

How primary elements combine—Character and how formed—Energy and 
force of character—Sagacity, policy and deceit—Financiering ability and avaricious¬ 
ness—Sociability, clannishness and jealousy—Willpower and selfcontrol—Stability 
and integrity—Dignity and pomposity—Ambition, pride, vanity—Managing ability 
and generalship—Politeness and affability—Hypocritical and capricious—Serious¬ 
ness and melancholism—Imagination and creative fancy—Skeptical versus credu¬ 
lous—Politial peculiarities. - .294-298 


RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. 

How formed—Peculiarities of compared—Importance of—Presbyterianism, the 
spinal column of orthodoxy—Methodism, the heart power of the church—Congrega¬ 
tionalism, the mind power. .298-300 


PECULIARITIES OF CRIHINALS. 

The natural-born and the circumstantiallvmade—The morally idiotic extremely 
rare—To what extent man is responsible for his actions—Peculiarities of the brains 
V of criminals..301-302 

HOMICIDES. 

The several types of—The blood-thirsty—Intemperance—The murderer for 
money—Jealousy—Revenge—The poisoner..- - 303 

THIEVES. 

Burglars—Horse thieves—Smugglers—House aud petty thieves—Defaulters— 
Forgers and counterfeiters—Pickpockets—Confidence men—Gamblers. - 303-304 


BOOK II—DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF HUMAN NATURE. 

Descriptive Tables— Bill of fare—Adaptation in Business—Adaptation in Mar¬ 


riage. . Pages t-8 

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS. 

Organic Quality—Health—Motive Temperament—Vital Temperament—Diges¬ 
tive power—Circulatory power—Breathing power—Activity—Excitability-Size of 
brain..- -------- 9-30 

THE ELEMENTS OF niND. 

The Seven Selfish Propensities.. 30-42 

The Five Social Feelings. .42-50 

The Five Selfish Sentiments.. 5 I_ 59 

The Seven Semi-Intellectual Sentiments..59-69 

The Twelve Perceptive Faculties .69-85 

The Two Reasoning Faculties. .85-88 

The Five Moral Sentiments.. 88-96 



















FIEFUICI 


The object of this book is instruction ,' its plan is 
brevity and simplicity, its inspiration is the demands, 
needs and necessities of humanity. During the last 
few years, we have been constantly urged by our 
audiences to place the thoughts contained in our lec¬ 
tures on human nature in print, that they might have a 
more abiding form. The thoughts herein contained 
have been compiled from our lectures, thrown together 
at spare moments, amid the rush of an extremely busy 
professional life and the rattle and clatter of constant 
travel, they are, therefore, the expression of “The 
Lecturer” rather than the finished work of an author. 
No attempt has been made at literary perfection , but 
simply to place truths in those relations in which they 
would be best understood and accomplish the most good. 
All technicalities have been purposely avoided in order 
that the most uncultured mind might grasp the truth. 
For want of time and space, the essential points of each 
subject have alone been touched upon; at some future 
time we hope to take up each topic and give to it a 
more complete and finished expression. Were the 
author’s ambition solely for literary glory, the present 
volume with its many imperfections would certainly 
never have been issued; the book goes out, therefore, 
not as a competitor with the literary productions of the 
age, but as a messenger of truth and love; if the perusal 
of its pages shall bring the light of truth to the minds 
or kindle the fires of ambitions in the hearts of its 
readers, if the truths it contains shall aid struggling 
humanity and help to better the conditions of the race, 
it will have served the purpose for which it was written 
and the author will gladly withstand the adverse criti¬ 
cisms its many imperfections must necessarily bring 
upon him. Yours in humanity’s cause. 


« , , „ _ - -« ... jELLo 

Overland Flyer, nay 17, 1895. 

B. —Those who are not interested in the study of physic forces will do 
well to pass by Part 1, as they are apt to find it too complex to be interesting. 





INTRODUCTION 


>B[q) RUTH is the power that moves the world forward , 
LOVE is the force that lifts it upward , by the dyna¬ 
mic power of these two forces the march of civili¬ 
zation has ever been and will continue to be onward and 
upward. By the dynamic power of these two forces, 
man has passed from savagery to civilization, from ignor¬ 
ance to intelligence, from the darkness of superstition to 
the light of Christian fellowship, from the simplicity of 
the primitive times to the complexity of the present age. 

We are living in an age of reason, an age of thought, 
an age of sentiment, an age of reform, an age of progress, 
an age when probabilities, possibilities and responsibili¬ 
ties increase daily. Invention, science, thought and learn¬ 
ing have set the wheels of civilization flying at lightning’s 
speed. Christianity, the Father of Human Liberty, and 
the public schools, the Mother of Learning, have so en¬ 
lightened the mind and liberated the soul as to make 
human slavery no longer tolerable. The twentieth cen¬ 
tury will be the greatest battleground for human liberty 
the world has ever known; a battle not of arms but of 
minds, not of swords but of principles; a battle in which 
white-winged Justice shall triumphantly contend for those 
principles that make right might and give equality to all. 
There never was a time in the history of the world when 
there was so much evil, jealousy, hatred and selfishness 
coupled with intelligence as at the present hour; there 
never was a time when there was so much goodness, 
purity, virtue, kindness and sentiment, coupled with 
superior intelligence as at the present time; hence the 
contending forces of good and evil are the strongest, the 
battle the fiercest and its ultimatum of the greatest im- 


IO 


INTRODUCTION. 


portance to all future ages. A thorough knowledge of 
the laws governing human life — hereditary, prenatal, 
hygienic, social, intellectual and moral — lies at the 
foundation of all reform. A more general knowledge of 
these laws is a prerequisite to the proper solution of the 
great problems that now confront us. A rapid evolution, 
born of intelligence and moral courage, is the only thing 
that will prevent the accumulation of evil, that will make 
revolution inevitable. 

“The greatest study of mankind is man,” this vital 
truth recognized as paramount by the thinkers of all 
ages has unfortunately been much overlooked and sadly 
neglected by the masses. Government in the past, and 
we might say in the present, is an institution of necessity 
based upon the rights and relation of men, but for a want 
of a knowledge of human nature by the masses, laws do 
not recognize the peculiarities of the individual, take an 
intelligent conception of, or make due allowance for, those 
impulses in human nature that actuate men to good and 
evil. Law and government have been directed to the 
controlling of forces that were not understood. Those 
in authority have dealt largely with the effects of the 
shifting currents of human life, seemingly without any 
thought of the source of these currents, so that little or 
no attempt has been made to direct them into legitimate 
channels. Men have been judged by their actions with¬ 
out any intelligent consideration of the actuating forces. 
We want more wise direction of the forces in human life 
and less prohibition, more law in the individual and less 
on the statute books. Every impulse inhuman life has its 
proper and legitimate sphere of activity , into which if it be 
guided it may have normal and healthy expression , but if 
supressed or prohibited , it is sure to find expression in vice or 
crime. 

Man is indeed a microcism, a minature world contain¬ 
ing in his organization all of the material elements, 
forms of life, instincts and propensities found in plant or 
animal, together wih those additional elements that lift 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


II 


him above the animal kingdom and give him the charac¬ 
teristics of man. Whoever understands man in all his 
attributes, physical, mental and spiritual has but to en¬ 
large upon his conception of man, the microcosm, to 
understand the whole world, the macrocosm. The great 
social world, financial world, political world, intellectual 
world, and religious world are but the aggregation of 
forces found in each individual. 

We can, never deal effectually and properly with any 
of the great problems, such as capital and labor, social 
ethics, equal rights, education, religious liberty, or the 
unfortunate manifestations of human life, such as vice, 
intemperance, pauperism, insanity and crime until the 
masses of the people have a more thorough and general 
knowledge of the impusles in human life from which all 
these conditions spring. In the evolution of society, 
social ethics are ever changing, public sentiment shifts 
its bearings, forms of government, political parties, reli¬ 
gious beliefs, creeds and dogmas, spring into existance, 
rise to proportions of supremacy and power, serve their 
purpose, outlive their usefulness and then give way to 
let others succeed, but each and all are simply the out¬ 
ward expressions of impulses inherent in human nature, 
to be found in every individual — principles that are 
eternal with the gods. 

All persons (in a normal condition) have the same num¬ 
ber of organs, functions, instincts, feelings, faculties and 
sentiments; the difference between individuals, therefore, 
is not a difference of kind or number of elements, but a 
difference in the strength and activity of the several ele¬ 
ments. Aside from the differences arising from educa¬ 
tion, men will differ in their opinions of economics, pol¬ 
itics, government, society, education and religion because 
of the relative strength of the several elements of which the 
mind is composed. The inherent relative strength of the 
several elements in each mind gives to the mind its pecu¬ 
liar conception of any subject thereby modifying its opin- 
nions and shaping its conclusions . Men of similar minds, 


12 


INTRODUCTION. 


in a given direction, take similar views, accept similar 
truths and have similar beliefs on public questions, the 
aggregation of these makeup the several political parties, 
schools of thought and religious denominations. The 
differences of opinions therefore, among individuals or 
classes, are not the result of a contradiction of truths in¬ 
volved, but rather a difference in minds and the truths 
they appreciate. All conflict and contradictions, there¬ 
fore, are the result of mental peculiarities, education 
or the want of it, force of environments, selfishness and 
prejudice, and never the result af conflicting truths. 
Men differ and are sincere in their differences, because 
the relative strength of the several elements of their 
minds causes them to over appreciate certain truths, to 
set too high an estimation on certain principles, and from 
the same cause to underrate the relative importance of 
other truths and principles. So long as men differ in their 
mental peculiarities , they will necessarily differ in their con¬ 
cisions and their convictions', this should teach us libera¬ 
lity, tolerance and charity. 

We can never deal properly or rationally with indi¬ 
vidual life, until we understand the laws of heredity that 
give to each individual his natural tendencies and possi¬ 
bilities. We can never deal effectually with the great 
question of intemperance, until we understand the nature 
of appetite in the individual from which the intempe¬ 
rance springs. We can never deal rationally with crime 
until we understand those propensities the abuse of 
which produce crime. We can never deal justly with 
those two forces called capital and labor, until we under¬ 
stand the relative value of muscle power and mind power, 
of physical strength and mental genius. We can never 
deal effectually with the great social evils, establish uni¬ 
versal chastity and perfect the home life, until we under¬ 
stand the social impulses from which all social institu¬ 
tions, good and evil spring. We can never have a proper 
system of education, until the mind of each individual 
can be t:nderstood and the education directed to the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 13 

systematic development of the individual. We can never 
have that unity of the church, that oneness of spirit, or 
a common faith, until we understand those moral senti¬ 
ments whereby the soul communes with its God. 

It is time that we apply the well-known laws of here¬ 
dity, through which vegetable and animal life have been 
brought to their high standard, to man so that the inher¬ 
ent tendencies of the individual will be good rather than 
evil. ~ It is time that we deal with the causes and pre¬ 
vention of intemperance and crime, rather than tlieir 
punishment. It is time that we study the peculiarities 
of the individual, and in the home and in the school direct 
the education to bringing out these peculiarities and 
directing them into proper channels so as to develop a 
strong, symmetrical character, instead of educating by a 
stereotyped rule that tends to destroy individuality and 
reduce all to a common level. . Progress in civilization 
comes not from retaining similarities and resemblances 
but. by differenciation and development of individual 
peculiarities. It is time that we direct our attention to 
the development of the spirit of the living God within 
man, so that love to God and love to man, may become 
the ruling power, instead of contending over doctrines, 
isms and dogmas that are born, not of the spirit of love, 
but of the peculiarities of men. 

In the succeeding pages, it shall be our purpose to 
present in the most simple, untechnical language a brief, 
clear, concise conception of those organs, functions, 
senses, instincts, propensities, feelings, faculties and senti¬ 
ments that in their aggregation, combination and co¬ 
ordination produce body, soul, mind, thought, man. 

N. B. —Have you read the Preface? If not, please do so or you will not under¬ 
stand the author. 


HUMAN NATURE 

EXPLAINED. 


PART I. 


THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE. 


MINERAL, VEGETABLE, ANIHAL, HUMAN. 

HAT IS LIFE ? This perplexing question 
has confronted the thinkers of all ages; sages, 
scientists, poets and philosophers alike have stood per¬ 
plexed and bewildered before it, until lost in speculation 
they have turned away and in a whisper have said to 
the world, “Mystery of mysteries unsolved.” Fowler 
tells us that, “Life is a vast variety of functions so embod¬ 
ied as to act together.” This does not tell us what the 
propelling power is that produces the “acting” or what 
is the vital spark. Spencer tells us that life is, “The defi¬ 
nite combination of heterogeneous changes, both simul¬ 
taneous and successive, in correspondence with external 
co-existences and sequences,” or “The continuous adjust¬ 
ment of internal relations to external relations.” 

With the above answers before the student, he is as 
much at a loss in his efforts to form any conception of 
that “mystery of mysteries” as he was before he read 
the expressions of these learned men. To attempt to 
answer this perplexing question may seem like egotistical 
presumption on our part. We fully appreciate the fact, 
that all human knowledge is but relative, that the finite 
mind is incapable of grasping any truth in its ultimatum 
because all truth is infinite in its relations. Both ends 
of all truths are shrouded in the shadows of the unknown 
to the finite mind. For instance, we know the age in 
which we live in its relation to the brief history of man 






HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 15 

and his probable future, yet we are on the bosom of the 
boundless sea of eternity of which we can form no con¬ 
ception. Again we know where we are in relation to 
things about us, the continent on which we live, the planet 
of which the continent is a part, the relative position 
of our planet to the system of which it is a part, and here 
again the finite mind is lost in the infinite realm of space; 
so that we know not where we are or whither we are go¬ 
ing. So in the explanation and demonstration of any 
scientific problem, from the simplest relation of numbers 
to this greatest and most complex problem “life,” we 
can but explain the relative position, relation and influ¬ 
ence of each element to those with which it is associated. 
In the language of Charles Darwin, “The first expres¬ 
sion of any great truth is necessarily crude and incom¬ 
plete,” however, if the student will follow our thought 
closely he will get a conception of nature that will, we 
believe, answer this, the question of all ages, “What is 
life?” 

The elements or principles of life are found in every 
atom of the universe. Every atom 011 or near the earth’s 
surface, and perhaps throughout the entire universe, is 
polarized, has its magnetic current that surrounds 
it—whether this current is an emanation from the atom, 
or whether the atom is a crystallization of the current it 
is impossible to determine, neither does it make any 
difference to the scientist. One fact must be born in 
mind, the current is a substance as real as the atom itself, 
it is a form of electricity. The atom and the current are 
convertible into each other, the atom is but crystallized 
electricity, the electricity is but another condition of the 
atomic substance. I say it without fear of contradition 
that all matter or so called primary chemical elements , are 
convertible into some form of electric fluid and that the earth 
and all forms and compounds thereon are but crystallized 
electricity. As the earth’s surface comes in contact with 
the freed electricity each atom is born or awakened, and 
its current begins its circuit; so that atoms as we study 


i6 


THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE. 


them are surrounded by an invisible fluid and if we think 
of an atom of matter we must think of it large enough 
to see, with an electric current passing around it. This 
current is as inseparable from the atom as sweet from 
sugar. This current gives to the atom its polarity. The 
current is not life any more than a piece of timber is a 
building, yet as buildings are constructed of timber, so 
the phenomena called ‘ ‘life’ ’ is an organization composed 
of these minute currents. All forms of life are but simple 
or complex organizations of these atoms. The currents 
surrounding each atom give it its specific magnetism 
and its life-sustaining power; these atomic currents are 
the vital sparks, the living principles, the spirit of God 
in the world from which all nature breathes the soul of 
life. The attraction between two atoms of a like sub¬ 
stance is due to their currents or specific magnetism, and 
is called cohesion. This drawing together of like sub¬ 
stances is not life, although the forces employed are life 
currents, but because of the sameness of the substance of 
the atoms, their currents are simple rather than com¬ 
plex, they simply balance each other and form a mass 
without organization or dependence upon each other or 
part upon part. But by the association of atoms of a 
different nature—since each atom has a magnetism 
peculiar to itself, because of the substance of which it 
is composed —- a variety of currents are established and 
by their combinations and co-operations a more complex 
nature is produced. When currents have become suffi¬ 
ciently complex, so that by their united forces they have 
gained sufficient strength to begin to draw other atoms 
into their combination and usurp their magnetism, 
transforming it into their own currents and making 
it a part, of themselves, we have a combination that 
constitutes the lowest form of life recognized. This is 
but a single cell with barely sufficient power to draw sus¬ 
tenance from its surroundings but for a moment, an hour, 
or a day and then die, but it is none the less life. From 
these cells all life is built. As currents increase in their 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


17 


complexity higher and still higher forms of life are mani¬ 
fest, organizations are constructed by these currents and 
physical forms express the nature and the complexity of 
the currents, or life. The physical forms thus constructed 
become the organs through and by means of which the 
living principal gathers and holds atoms until it has 
usurped their magnetism or dynamic power and then 
casts them out. The cells of which physical organizations 
are composed are so many storage batteries each of which 
adds its mite to the sustenance of the life currents. As 
the currents or life become more and more complex, the 
physical organization through which it is expressed and 
sustained becomes correspondingly complex; thus the 
organization of the plant is simple, because expressing a 
simple form of life, or was built by a comparitively sim¬ 
ple nature; the brain of the animal is less complex than 
the brain of man because a lower form of life constructed 
it; the brain of the feeble minded is less complex than 
the brain of the philosopher, because a simpler form of 
life organized it. In this way we may trace the princi¬ 
ples of life in all their various combinations from the 
simple polarity of the atom to the combinations of the 
atoms in the product of a cell, and again through the 
combinations of cells in their ever varying and increasing 
currents to the complexity of man. All life then is one 
and the same, differing only in degrees of complexity and 
awakening. What is polarity in the mineral becomes by 
united effort absorbent power in the plant, digestive and 
assimilative power in the animal, brain and nervous 
power—animal magnetism—in the higher forms of life 
and principles of good and evil in the soul nature. All 
life then is the same, from the simple polarity of an atom 
to the unbounded soul of God. The difference of life, 
therefore, is a difference of degree , state and condition not 
in kind\ the differences in the life in the atom, the cell, 
the plant, or man are one of complexity rather than qual¬ 
ity or kind. Human life is superior to plant or animal 
life because the Creator added to man what He denyed 


i8 


THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE. 


to them, i. e., the higher attributes of His own nature, 
the higher forms of life, making him in His own image or 
likeness, like Him in kind and complexity, less in degree. 
The superiority of man over the lower animals is not in the 
quality of man’s life but in the endless variety and com¬ 
binations that the greater amount of life permits of, and 
his greater number of faculties, talents and capabilities 
are the outgrowth of increased quantity or degree. 

To illustrate: I give my boy a block—a rectangle, 
he is unable to build anything with it. I give him two, 
he can form a simple combination, I give him three, he 
can form a triangle, I give him a dozen, he can form 
many varieties and shapes, I give him one hundred, he 
builds a little house, I give him several hundred, he 
builds a whole block, containing many buildings having 
complex interiors with all modern improvements and 
accommodations. I have given him nothing but blocks, 
the last complex structures are but intelligent associa¬ 
tion of the elements from which he formed the first simple 
triangle, the difference between these complex edifices 
and the simple triangle was made possible by the addition 
in the quantity of blocks, not by a change of their quality. 
To be sure,’ the last effort of the boy required a higher 
order of intelligence than the making of the simple tri¬ 
angle, but each was built of rectangles and each was but 
an expression of the boy’s thoughts. In like manner, 
cohesion is like the two rectangles placed together, plant 
life is like the dozen blocks arranged after a simple plan, 
while the complex nature of animal and human life are 
like the finished buildings having their many rooms, 
apartments and accommodations. As each of the struc¬ 
tures constructed by the boy, from the simple triangle to 
the complex edifices were the expressions of his thoughts, 
the outworking of his genius, so all forms of life from the 
simple cell to the complex nature of man are but the ex¬ 
pression of God’s thoughts worked out by His will—called 
natural law. 

Life then is a complex organization composed of an 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 19 

invisible but none the less tangible substance (resembling 
electricity though not identical with it) sustained and 
kept in motion by the dynamic power of the currents of 
the atoms that are constantly being drawn into its cur¬ 
rents. The physical body, or organization, is constructed 
of the material atoms; while the living principal, the 
real organization, the soul, the ego, is constructed of the 
currents of these atoms. The nature of the life and its 
complexity inheres not in the physical organization but 
in this more highly attenuated, but none the less sub¬ 
stantial soul organization. The physical is the transient 
part that is ever being torn down and rebuilt, the life is 
the abiding nature. The living principal is the organizer, 
the physical is the organized. It was the living princi¬ 
pal that drew the atoms together that formed the first or¬ 
ganization, the spirit of God moving over chaotic ether 
until chaos became cosmos and the disorganized became 
organized. As the living principal by its combinations 
became more and more complex it has organized more 
and more complex physical natures. Bach form of life 
possesses all of the elements found in those beneath it. 
The animal embraces all forms of vegetable life, man 
embraces all forms of life found in plant and animal; man 
is therefore an epitome of the whole. 


HOW SPECIES OF LIFE ARE PERPETUATED. 

Life is perpetuated in its peculiarities, nature and 
species by each element of which the life is composed— 
whether it be simple or complex—being crytallized into 
a seed cell, that thus becomes an epitome of all the ele¬ 
ments belonging to the organization of the parent life, so 
that the seed of the plant, or the germ cell in the animal 
is an epitome of the whole and will when developed be 
a reproduction of the parent life, modified by its environ¬ 
ments. Could we examine the seed or germ cell in its 
minutia, we would find all of the elements of the plant, 
the animal, or the coming man. 



20 


MAN. 


MAN. . 

Human Life, Its Nature and How Produced. 

Man is an epitome of the universe, possessing in his 
physical organization all of the elements in matter; in 
his psychic nature, all forms of life, functions, appetites, 
propensities and passions found in plant and animal, being 
at once a clod and an expression of God. In man 
all forms of life are expressed and all processes of trans¬ 
formation of lower elements to higher conditions are 
carried on. As previously observed, each form of life 
perpetuates itself by taking atoms into its nature and 
utilizing their atomic currents; the life thus sustained 
finds expression in the physical structure composed of 
the atoms from which it is drawing its sustaining cur¬ 
rents. The organization of the plant is simple, because 
it expresses a simple form of life, but one perfectly adapted 
to its mode of living or gathering its sustenance. Man’s 
nature being complex, it builds a more complex organi¬ 
zation, an organization perfectly adapted to the sustenance 
of this higher form of life. Plant life transforms, or rather 
appropriates, the elements of the inorganic world into 
itself, thereby, perpetuating or maintaining its organi¬ 
zation. Man is endowed with organs adapted to the va¬ 
rious processes of transformation necessary to change the 
elements gathered from the inorganic world by the plant 
into the higher form of animal life. When the food is 
taken into the stomach the first action is chemical, but 
soon a transformation takes place when the new substance 
is carried to the heart, thence to the lungs, where the 
negative elements of food come in contact with the posi¬ 
tive elements of the air and another transformation takes 
place, a new substance, expressing a simple order of life 
is formed; this living substance —the blood--composed of 
living cells passes through the organization, supplying 
each part of the body with its required elements, of bone, 
muscle or nerve. From the combustion of nerve cells— 
which is really a higher form of digestion—there is con- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 21 

stantly produced what is known as nerve force or animal 
magnetism. By the continued process of transformation, 
we reach that complex nature called the soul of man, the 
living ego. In this way, the complex soul nature of man 
gathers and transforms the substances from which it is 
to draw its sustaining currents. The magnetism or elec¬ 
tricity of atoms is the substance of which all life and 
souls are formed; not that life is electricity, or atomic 
magnetism, but that out of this atomic magnetism the 
living organization, the conscious ego, is constructed and 
perpetuated and life manifested. 

In this process of transformation, from the lower to 
the higher, the elements ever retain their primary qual¬ 
ities of positive and negative ; but in passing from the 
simple to the complex and entering into higher combin¬ 
ations, they assume different forms and manifestations. 
What is polarity in the mineral, positive and negative in 
the animal life, becomes principles of good and evil in the 
higher manifestations of the soul. When a life has 
reached that degree of complexity to where sensation is 
possible, normal activity produces pleasure, abnormal, 
pain. As we rise in the scale of sensation and intelli¬ 
gence, the possibilities of pleasure and pain increase 
proportionately. In proportion as the principles of good 
and right— positive —triumph over the principles of 
wrong and evil— negative —will happiness and pleasure 
maintain or vice versa. 

As the magnetic current surrounding the atom, gave 
it its distinguishing characteristics, so in the higher 
form of life known as man, the soul nature (which is an 
organized being composed of soul substance ) constitutes the 
real man, the conscious ego , the individiial person. The 
physical, visible, material man, is but the expression 
of the invisible ego, the manufactory, if you please, by 
means of which the soul is gathering and transforming 
other substances into itself, organizing the forces of 
atoms into an intelligent, conscious living soul. 
Man then is a soul, a complex organization 


22 


MAGNETISM. 


of forces, manifesting and sustaining himself 
through a body for a season preparatory to a 
higher form of life in which he will be perpetuated by 
gathering, into his nature the principles of life, without 
having to depend upon the present process of transfor¬ 
mation that is his means of support in his present state 
of existence. We might further observe, that in all the 
processes of transformation, a change is effected by 
means of the higher power, from the life that was above 
it. The atoms were gathered together by their currents, 
the matter in the plant, by the life of the plant, and the 
complex physical structure of man by his complex soul 
nature, while the soul nature of mail, in like manner, 
is subject to the same law of transformation by a 
power higher and more complex than itself. This last 
transformation, through the power of love—the Christ 
nature—is what theologians call regeneration, which 
when complete by spiritual birth, growth and develop¬ 
ment will bring the soul into perfect harmony with its 
higher environments, producing perfect happiness— 
which is heaven ; however, if the soul does not pass 
through this higher transformation, it will of necessity 
remain a member of the present order of beings and be 
out of harmony with that higher order of life—perfect 
love—and therefore be unhappy—which is hell .* 


MAGNETISM. 

Its Origin, Nature and Influence. 

VfSfS OBSERVED in the former chapter, radi- 
" Cli f rom and encircling each atom in the 

universe is a current—an electric circuit. 
Whether this current be the product of the atom, or the 
atom the product of the circuit we know not, neither 
does it concern our thought, since the atom and the 


* For complete consideration of the plan of redemption and the scientific evi¬ 
dence of Christianity, see Prof. N. N. Riddell’s book, “Scientific Religion, or From 
Nature to Nature’s God.” Address, N. N. Riddell, Raymond, Nebraska. 




HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


23 


current exist in the relation above stated. The atomic 
current surrounding each atom will have its peculiar 
characteristics owing to the substance of which the atom 
is composed; atoms of a given substance produce cur¬ 
rents alike. The united effort of the currents encircling 
the atoms of which a cell is composed give to each cell 
a peculiar magnetism. Bach plant, animal or man is 
but a compound of cells, so each has its peculiar mag¬ 
netism according to the nature or substance of the cells 
of which it is composed. Since each element in nature 
has a magnetism peculiar to itself, the personal magnet¬ 
ism of each individual will be determined primarily, by 
the nature of the elements entering into his or her com¬ 
position. The universe is composed of many elements, 
all of which enter into the human organization, but they 
do not combine in a definite or fixed proportion in all 
organizations, therefore, where certain elements pre¬ 
dominate, in an organization, their peculiar magnetism 
will predominate, giving shade and tone to the personal 
magnetism of the individual. 

Some persons are far more magnetic than others be¬ 
cause of the predominance of certain elements in their 
nature and the combinations they admit of. It should 
further be observed, that persons who are decidedly mag¬ 
netic in one direction may be sadly deficient in magnetic 
power in another. Persons having a superabundance of 
iron in their natures will have dispositions characterized 
by a great deal of positiveness, will power, and deter¬ 
mination, their magnetism will be of an aggressive, con¬ 
trolling character, having great power and influence over 
other natures. If phosphorus is also abundant, the posi¬ 
tiveness will combine with an intellectual magnetism, 
thereby producing the highest order of aggressive intel¬ 
ligence; if, however, the iron magnetism combine with 
certain other elements the force will expend itself on a 
lower plane finding expression through appetite or pas¬ 
sion, producing the most vicious of characters. In like 
manner, the predominance of any one of the 12 principal 


24 


MAGNKTISM. 


elements, (of which the human organization is largely 
composed), will give to the nature its peculiar magne¬ 
tism; therefore, radiating from and encircling each organ¬ 
ization there is a magnetic current that corresponds 
perfectly in character and strength to the physical orga¬ 
nization and mental constitution of the individual. This 
radiation, or magnetism, may not inappropriately be 
called ones involuntary magnetism, since it is determined 
entirely by the elements entering into the physical con¬ 
stitution and the natural mental peculiarities and is 
therefore entirely independent of the immediate control 
of the will. It is subject to change only as the health 
and strength or peculiarities of the organization and con¬ 
stitution change. As the character of the involuntary 
magnetism is determined by the composition and charac¬ 
ter of the elements constituting the organization, so the 
strength of each individual’s involuntary magnetism is 
determined by the vigor and strength of the physical 
and mental organization. There is, however, a higher 
order of magnetism that is the result of the activity of 
the several elements of the mind and is therefore largely, 
if not wholly, under the control of the will. As each cell 
has its peculiar magnetism, so each brain center emits a 
magnetism corresponding with the function of the cen¬ 
ter. The several brain centers are in a well-balanced 
organization under the control of the will and can there¬ 
fore be called into activity at any time. The combined 
activity of two or more of these centers will produce 
what may not improperly be called a voluntary magnet¬ 
ism, resulting from the activity of the mind. This volun¬ 
tary magnetism will vary in a given individual, or between 
individuals, according to the activity or strength of the 
mental faculties or brain centers that are in action. While 
the involuntary magnetism only changes gradually, as 
the organization changes, the voluntary magnetism is 
constantly changing in character, corresponding to the 
activity of the mental powers. By the activity of the 
intellectual faculties a person may surround themselves 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


25 


with an intellectual magnetism, by the activity of the 
moral and religious sentiments a moral and spiritual 
magnetism, or by the activity of the appetites and pro¬ 
pensities on a lower plane, the magnetism will be char¬ 
acterized by selfishness and sensuality. Persons having 
a predominance of the intellectual, the moral or the ani¬ 
mal propensities will usually manifest a magnetism cor¬ 
responding to the predominating elements of the mind, 
because we exercise most the powers that are strongest 
however, since the voluntary or transient magnetism n 
determined by the mental powers that are in action, s 
person may manifest a most pleasant, refined and eleva 
ting magnetism at one time and a most base, seductivt 
and degrading magnetism at another. The publit 
speaker who is fortunate enough to have all of hi 
powers strong, may deal with some purely abstract in 
tellectual proposition and throw off a purely intel 
lect magnetism, and since like begets like, he wil 
draw an intellectual response from his audience. H< 
may now open the upper windows of his soul and turi 
on the currents of sympathy, sentimentand emotionality 
and the character of the magnetism of the room wil 
soon change, so that where but a few minutes befor 
cold intellectualism was the potent force, now sym 
pathy, pathos and sentiment are the ruling powers, o 
he may sink into the depths of propensity until hatrec 
jealousy and revenge fill the room with their subtl 
power for evil. 

THE LAW OF HAGNETIC CURRENTS. 

From the combined action of the several elemen 
composing the nervous centers, the magnetic curren 
pass out and back. During the making hours, whentl 
brain is active, the currents flow largely from the bra: 
out and back to the ganglionic system, at the same tin 
milder currents flow from the ganglionic system throu* 
the lower extremities back to center. During the hou 
of sleep in a normal condition, the currents grow strong 


26 


LAW OF MAGNETIC CURRENTS. 


the other way. When the brain is proportionately too 
large or active the head becomes too positive, the brain 
exhausting all forces while the body becomes negative, 
weak and susceptible; in such cases the magnetism will 
be of an intellectual and sentimental character. Where 
the ganglionic system is proportionately too strong, the 
body will be strong and vigorous, with a superabundance 
of vitality, while the brain will be comparatively weak 
and the mind commonplace; in this case, the magnetism 
will be decidedly animal and of a low order. Because of 
the greater number of nervous centers at work when the 
mind is awake, the outgoing currents are much stronger 
and a person is much more positive and therefore far less 
susceptible to outer influences, while when one is asleep, 
the outgoing currents are comparatively light, the body 
negative and susceptible and the absorbent power much 
greater, hence the great danger of being exposed to dis¬ 
ease, impure air, drafts or dampness when asleep. v By 
the withholding of ones mental operations and the per¬ 
sistent direction of another person’s mind and will the 
me mind may be brought under the control of the other, 
producing what is known as the hypnotic or mesmer- 
zed state. In this condition, the outgoing currents of 
he hypnotized subject are reduced to a minimum and 
he mind to a negative state, while by the mental con- 
:entration of the hypnotizer, the outgoing currents have 
>een extended to their maximum, making his mind de- 
idedly positive. The negative mind now becomes the 
eady recipient of the positive currents from the positive 
lind, and the thoughts, feelings and desires—be they 
ood or evil—of the positive mind, will become the 
tioughts, feelings and desires of the negative mind, 
laking the negative mind completely subservient to the 
ill of the positive mind. Two minds never meet or 
rnie in contact without exerting an influence for good 
: evil over each other; from the mild influence exerted 
passing a stranger on the road with a formal salute 
id “Good morning,” to the complete controlling of 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 2 J 

another’s mind, making them absolutely subject to your 
will, is one of degree not kind. In society those of 
strong minds and pronounced magnetic powers are ever 
controlling the weaker ones, making them the subjects 
and victims of their selfishness. The actions of people 
are often the result of the will of another, so that many 
of the vilest deeds and darkest crimes are not expres¬ 
sions of the will of the one who perpetrated the crime. 
When the laws of magnetism are better understood 
courts and public sentiment will be able to deal far more 
justly with unfortunate humanity. 

MAGNETIC OR HIND HEALING. 

In a perfectly healthy and normal condition, the several 
magnetic currents flow disinterruptedly and harmoni¬ 
ously, each performing its specific mission in carrying on 
the several vital functions and mental operations of the 
organization. When from any cause—be it from lack of 
nutrition, over exertion, obstructions, contractions 
from cold, or inflammation or the introduction of poison¬ 
ous substances—the magnetic or vital currents fail to 
flow normally, functional disorder is the result; if this 
functional disorder be serious or longstanding, the change 
of tissues that is constantly going on in a normal condi¬ 
tion is interfered with or some other function is inter¬ 
rupted and a diseased condition is sure to follow. In 
nature’s attempts to overcome the abnormal condition, 
an irritation and inflammation are produced, which soon 
extend to the sensory nerves and produce pain or sickness, 
thereby informing the intelligence of the person, that 
there is something wrong with the vital machinery. In 
order to establish a healthy normal condition, the vital 
currents must be re-established in their normal degree 
of strength and activity. This may be accomplished by 
the currents becoming sufficiently positive, through the 
irritation and inflammation of the nerves, to overcome the 
difficulty and in due course of time re-establish a normal 
condition of the functions and a healthy condition of the 
organ, this is nature’s way of overcoming disease. The 


28 MAGNETIC OR MIND HEALING. 

nerve centers may be wrought up to greater intensity by 
poisonous medicines that irritate and stimulate or they 
may be aided by such medicines as have a dynamic 
power that nature can utalize. Or by the introduction 
of magnetic power from another organization, the dis¬ 
turbed currents may gradually or at once be regulated 
and strengthened and brought up to a normal condition; 
this last process is called magnetic or mind healing. 
Mind healing, then, is the result, primarily, of the 
transmission of one person’s forces to another, either by 
mental concentration or by the laying on of hands and 
of the making of passes over the body in such a way as 
to throw the magnetic currents from the healer to the 
patient. Secondarily, a large percent of most all dis¬ 
eases in their incipiency are purely functional and par¬ 
tially imaginary, in this state, they are much under the 
control of the will of the patient. By establishing a 
healthy, normal condition of the imagination, a hopeful 
state of the mind, a faith in recovery and a firm, deter¬ 
mined will to get well, a normal condition of the cur¬ 
rents may be re-established, that if kept up will aid very 
materially in overcoming the approaching disease. 
Even where disease has been of long standing, by the 
constant application and direction of the nervous forces 
to the diseased parts—by the will of the patient and by 
the aid of the healer—the magnetic currents may be 
caused to flow increasingly through the diseased parts 
until a healthy activity of the function is re-established, 
the diseased tissues carried off, and a normal, healthy 
condition be established. 

THOUGHT TRANSMISSION AND HIND READING. 

The magnetic currents that flow constantly from the 
individual are but expressions of the conditions and 
changes, physical and mental, that are going on within. 
Each mental operation is the result of the combined 
action of magnetic currents flowing through and from 
the brain. The distance these magnetic currents may 
pass from the brain we have no way of definitely deter- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 29 

mining; their strength and the distance they will travel 
is determined largely by the voltage or dynamic power 
of the brain. The distance at which mental impres¬ 
sions may be made, however, depends not only upon the 
dynamic power of the mind from which the current is 
evolved, but upon the susceptibility and attractiveness 
of the mind that is to receive it. Minds that are alike— 
with like vibrations and therefore in perfect sympathy 
and harmony—influence each other at a much greater 
distance and understand each other much more per¬ 
fectly, when associated together, that minds equally 
strong but dissimilar in their vibrations. The author 
has met personally a number of cases where two natures 
were in such perfect sympathy that each would feel, 
enjoy or suffer whatever the other did. All are familiar 
with like facts since all are more or less susceptible to 
mental impressions. By the concentration of one per¬ 
son’s mind upon another and the persistent application 
of the mind, and repeatedly thinking over and over the 
same thing, a current may be established so that the one 
will become the recipient of the other’s thoughts. 
While this may be possible with comparatively few 
people, one successful demonstration is sufficient to 
establish the truth against a million of failures. Where 
two persons are much associated together, the power of 
thought transmission may be cultivated between them 
and greatly increased. The ability to receive is usually 
much less than the power to send; some, however, are 
by nature very susceptible, so much so that they take 
on the conditions, both physical and mental, of whoever 
they are associated with, so that they suffer or enjoy, are 
serious or jubilant, good or evil, according to the condi¬ 
tion or nature of the person with whom they are asso¬ 
ciated. It is needless to say, that such should be ex¬ 
tremely careful to keep away from the sick and doubly 
careful to keep away from the immoral. These highly 
susceptible characters may by the cultivation of this 
susceptibility become proficient as mind readers, being 


30 


ELEMENTS OE MIND. 


able to know at once the thoughts that another clearly 
and definitely thinks. The ability to throw ones thoughts 
to another, may be greatly increased by proper cultiva¬ 
tion. In order for a thought to make an impression 
upon even a susceptible mind, it must be clear, definite 
and intense, and since thoughts are always transient 
flashes, too short for us to conceive their duration, it is 
the persistent repitition that establishes the vibratory 
currents that make their impressions upon the recipient’s 
mind. The power to transmit ones thoughts and feel¬ 
ings to others and surround them with our own peculiar 
magnetic conditions is of great value, if properly exer¬ 
cised. It may unable us to make ourselves understood, 
to warn others of approaching danger, to impress them 
with thoughts and feelings that are good, elevating and 
inspiring. In this way, our mental impressions may 
become a constant guidance to them and our prayers a 
benediction to their lives. On the other hand, if actuated 
by selfish desires, we may transmit thoughts, feelings 
and magnetic conditions that become most annoying, 
seductive and degrading in their moral tendencies. The 
former, often become guiding angels and direct our feet 
to paths of peace, the latter are the personal devils that 
haunt our lives and lead us astray, so that ‘ ‘when we 
would do good evil is present with us.” The ability 
to read mind at first thought would seem to be the most 
desirable gift possible for man, but when we come to 
consider the fact that to be able to do this, we must 
become so very susceptible that we are the victims ot 
the wills of others, the easy prey of designing selfish¬ 
ness, and are robbed of any fixed individuality the gift 
is by no means so desirable. 

ELEHENTS OF MIND. 


How Formed and Awakened. 

HE soul of man, the conscious ego, is an organ¬ 
ized being composed of soul substance—freed 
atomic magnetism—forming an endless variety of cur- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


31 

rents and combinations, of various degrees of strength, 
so associated as to act and react upon one another in the 
production of life, sensation and mind. By the combin¬ 
ation of these currents the several functions, senses, 
instincts, propensities, feelings, faculties and sentiments 
are produced and carried on. The several currents of 
which the soul is composed, in their combination and 
co-operation carry on the several vital functions, where¬ 
by the elements of food are transformed into life; they 
also combine to produce affinities for objects in the out¬ 
side world, these affinities constitute the several ele¬ 
ments of the mind. 

A mental faculty, feeling or sentiment then is the 
result of an affinity of the soul for a given phase, object 
or property of nature. Man being a inicrocism, a min¬ 
iature world, has in his organization all of the elements 
found in the universe of which he is a part. Since like 
attracts like there are affinities in his nature for all the 
world about him; the combination of these numerous 
affinities produce his several vital forces, senses, feelings, 
faculties and sentiments. To illustrate: The family is 
composed of parents and children, because of the corres¬ 
ponding elements in each, there is an affinity between 
the several members of the household (and in propor¬ 
tion to the perfectness of the correspondence will be the 
strength of the affinity). The affinity existing between 
the parents constitutes the feeling known as Conjugal¬ 
ity, the affinity between the parent and the child, 
through which the child is recognized and loved, consti¬ 
tutes the feeling of Parental Love. In like manner, the 
soul has an affinity for the home, friends, justice, Deity, 
etc., these several affinities, forty-three or more in num¬ 
ber, constitute the primary elements of the mind. Bach 
element of the mind has its active and passive state, its 
positive and negative condition, corresponding with and 
produced by the positive and negative conditions of the 
soul substance. At birth, all of the elements of the 
mind, may be said to be in a passive state, they are 


ELEMENTS OE MIND. 


32 

brought into activity, quickened or awakened by their 
natural object—their affinity in nature. The wife never 
knows what a mother’s love really is until, “She feels 
for the first time the first born’s breath,” then she knows 
what a mother’s love is; this feeling, the strongest per¬ 
haps in her nature, lay slumbering in a passive state 
until its natural affinity, or object quickened, it into life 
and it became the ruling power in her soul; the feeling 
had passed from the passive to the active state, from 
death unto life. In like manner, all of the several feel¬ 
ings, faculties and sentiments must be quickened by 
their natural objects or they will remain dormant. The 
individuality, location, form, size and nature of things 
excite the Perceptive Faculties as soon as the eyes are 
opened; love of life, appetite, energy and self-preserva¬ 
tion are also quickened by the necessities of life; later 
on praise excites Approbation, danger Caution, music 
Tune and the sublimity and harmony of nature thrills 
the soul with poetic song. Thus the elements of the 
mind respond to the touch of nature, and the music of 
life with all its complexities and variations begins. If 
all of the elements of the mind are inherently well bal¬ 
anced and all have been quickened by their natural ob¬ 
jects the music of life will be full of sweetness and har¬ 
mony. Our natural environments and conditions quicken 
all of the propensities, feelings, instincts and faculties, 
but it is within the power of the will to withhold our¬ 
selves from conditions and relations that would quicken 
our moral and spiritual sentiments. Many by preference 
go through life without having their higher sentiments 
quickened, preferring darkness rather than light, spirit¬ 
ual blindness rather than glimpses of heaven. They are 
to be pitied rather than despised, for they know not the 
joys and pleasures they deny themselves. They are like 
the artist, who chaffed his life out because of the dark¬ 
ness of his studio, when all that was necessary was to 
draw back the shade of the sky-light and the room would 
have been filled with the golden sunlight of heaven. In 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


33 


order that each power of the mind may have its proper 
manifestation and influence upon the character, it be¬ 
comes necessary that all shall be quickened by their nat¬ 
ural objects and brought into activity, so that they may 
exert their normal influence over all others. Since the 
Moral Sentiments are the natural guardians of the pro¬ 
pensities and the feelings, as directed by the intellect, it 
becomes absolutely necessary in the development of the 
highest form of life and most perfect character, that they 
be awakened and constantly brought into activity. It is 
impossible to develop a harmonious mind or a symmetri¬ 
cal character without having all of the powers of the 
mind brought into activity. 

BODY AND MIND. 

Their Relation and Influence Over Each Other. 

^Sr^HE several elements of which the nature is com- 
J&J posed, are divided into several distinct classes, 
each of which carries on its particular function of body 
or mind. The functions of the body are divided into 
those of digestion, assimilation, circulation, respiration, 
absorption, secretion, excretion, locomotion, etc., by 
these several functions the food is transformed into life, 
the organization built up and nourished and the require¬ 
ments of the animal economy met. The primary ele¬ 
ments of the mind consist of the senses of seeing, hear¬ 
ing, smelling, tasting and feeling, by which we become 
acquainted with the outside world; the propensities that 
give energy, courage, love of life, appetite, 
frugality, discretion and policy; the feelings that 
give love of family and friends; the selfish sentiments, 
that give fear, ambition, self reliance, firmness and dig¬ 
nity; the aesthetic or semi-intellectual faculties that give 
imaginative, constructive and artistic ability; the intel¬ 
lectual faculties of observation, memory and reflection; 
the moral sentiments that give sympathy, justice and 
veneration to God. Each of the vital functions and ele¬ 
ments of the mind find expression and are carried on by 


34 


BODY AND MIND 


means of a certain part of the body or brain. The 
special part of the physical organization, whereby a 
function, feeling or sentiment is carried on is called its 
organ. The alimentary canal, stomach, liver, pancreas, 
etc., are the organs of digestion; the heart and its appen¬ 
dages of arteries and veins are the organs of circulation; 
the lungs and skin form the organs of respiration; the 
brain and nervous system are the organs of sensation and 
mentality. As each function in the nature has its spe¬ 
cial organ in the physical organization, so each of the 
five senses and forty-three or more elements of the mind 
has its special nerves and nerve centers in the brain. The 
brain as a whole therefore may be called the organ of the 
mind and each specific center, through which an element 
of mind is manifested may 'be called the organ of that 
feeling, sentiment or faculty. 

From this it must not be understood that to manifest 
mind constitutes the only function of the brain; for it 
has been clearly demonstrated that the nerves of motion 
and sensation have their centers in the brain; and while 
surgery may never be able to trace the nervous fiber 
from the several vital organs to their respective centers 
in the brain, that each vital organ has its brain center is 
now an established fact in the minds of all careful inves¬ 
tigators. It is further observed, that any continued or 
chronic inflammation of any of the vital organs will be 
accompanied by inflammation in its brain center and since 
these centers are associated with those controlling men¬ 
tal manifestation, it follows that the inflammation of 
the one necessarily effects the other, so that all physical 
states, good or evil, necessarily effect the mental. Be¬ 
cause of the association of the nerve centers of the vital 
organs with the mental nerve centers, the health or dis¬ 
ease of a given organ will by inflaming its nerve 
center in the brain effect first and most the function of 
the centers directly surrounding it, and the brain as a 
whole as the inflammation and irritation extends. Since 
different parts of the brain manifest different elements of 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


35 


mind, it follows that the disease in a given organ of the 
body will effect most materially those mental functions 
whose organs are most directly connected or associated 
with the nerve center that presides over the diseased 
vital organ. From the above, it may readily be seen 
why certain diseases effect the mind and disposition one 
way and others in another, and why the mind as a 
whole is so much effected by existing physical states. 
In like manner and for the same cause, when any pro¬ 
pensity, feeling, faculty or sentiment is exercised be¬ 
yond a normal degree sufficient to produce inflammation 
in its organ, the nerve centers immediately around it 
must suffer accordingly and if the abnormal mental state 
is long continued in functional disorder or even organic 
disease in one or more of the vital organs may follow. 
From this it will be seen that the brain is the nervous 
organ of the body as well as the organ of the mind and 
the common center of both body and mind. Through 
this common center, the conditions of any specific por¬ 
tion of the body or mind are quickly made manifest to 
all other portions, so that all mental states effect the physi¬ 
cal and all physical states effect the mental. To deal with 
this subject of the influence of mind over matter and 
matter over mind in all of its details would be to fill 
several volumes the size of this one, and we must, 
therefore, confine our observations to a few general 
statements. 

The normal manifestation of any and all of the vital 
functions tends to promote the activity and strength of 
the several mental qualities. The condition of each of 
the physical organs and functions exerts an influence 
over all of the elements of the mind in general and some 
in particular. These special influences will be con¬ 
sidered farther on when discussing the several functions 
and organs under separate heads. Suffice it to say, that 
many unpleasant mental states, feelings of hatred, jeal¬ 
ousy, ungovernable appetite, unnatural desires and 
loathsome passions have their origin in a diseased or in- 


BODY AND MIND. 


36 

flamed condition of some of the vital organs or the nervous 
system. Tliree-foiirths of all vice , misery and crime are 
caused by disease. Few people who are perfectly 
healthy, cleanly and normal become vicious or bad. 
Most persons who seem unable to control their unnatural 
appetites and propensities, who seem actuated by feel¬ 
ings insatiable will be found on close investigation to be 
suffering from some physical disorder, interrupted func¬ 
tion, scrofuletic tendencies, or inherent taint. There is 
a very practical sense in which the terms wholeness and 
holiness are synonymous . Many children that are chas¬ 
tized for their irritability, and many unfortunate ones 
that are abandoned by society because of their impurity, 
had far better be treated for the physical disorder that 
is in most cases the primary cause of the immoral acts. 
In like manner, all of the mental states have a direct, 
general and specific influence over the vital functions. 
Here too, all normal, pleasant states of mind are favor¬ 
able to vital action, while all unpleasant states and 
extremes of feelings and thoughts are injurious to vital 
action. Anger will sour the contents of the stomach,, 
and if frequently repeated bring on the most aggravated 
form of dyspepsia. Jealousy, if long continued in, may 
produce heart disease. Self condemnation diminishes 
the power of respiration and in fact all of the functions. 
A gloomy, forboding state, especially effects the liver, 
while worrying over the inevitable and apprehension of 
evil shatters the nervous system and may be the pri¬ 
mary cause of many physical ailments. A very large 
percent of the diseases of modern life have their origin 
in mind. A simple illustration: Two business men 
enter a restaurant for dinner; one takes his business cares 
to the table with him, thinks and worries all the time 
he eats, hurries for fear his presence may be needed at 
the store, swallows his food without any thought of 
what he is eating or the enjoyment of the meal and 
rushes back to his business that has never been dis¬ 
missed from his mind. By thus outraging nature he 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


37 


soon becomes a nervous, irritable dyspeptic; his face 
loses its agreeable expression, the temper becomes sharp 
and irritable, the change tends to sever him from his 
customers, which only adds to the irritation, and in¬ 
creases the tendency to hurry and worry, and it is only 
a question of time until a failure in health or a failure 
in business or both are inevitable. The other man sits 
down to the table, dismisses the cares of business, con¬ 
verses with his friends, laughs, jests and enters fully 
into the enjoyment of the meal, relishing the good 
things of the table and the jokes of his friends as 
though he never had a care in his life and his presence 
at the store was altogether unnecessary. He goes back 
to his place of business, cracks a joke among his clerks 
and goes to work. Years pass on, youth lingers, his 
genial way retains his customers, fortune attends and 
his life is crowned with success. The mental states of 
the two at the meal hour were the primary cause of the 
the success of the one and the failure of the other. 

The influence of the mind over the vital organs dif¬ 
fers in degree very materially with different persons, but 
all are subject to the same law. Many an invalid wife 
or nervous husband have been made so by domestic in¬ 
felicities. If highly organized people would enjoy good 
health, they must be temperate in all things, especially 
in the deeper emotions and feelings and avoid everything 
in the way of jars, anger, hatred or worry. A well di¬ 
rected mind, a pure thought, a lofty sentiment and a 
hearty laugh doeth good like a medicine. 

CONSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENCES 
How We May Know Them. 

(?/ 3 T lJv normal persons have in their nature the same 
number of functions, feelings, faculties and senti¬ 
ments but no one has all in the same degree of strength, nor 
could any two persons be found having all of the several 
functions of body and mind alike in degree of strength. 
These differences make up the constitutional peculiari- 


BODY AND MIND. 


3** 

ties of the individual and the differences among individ¬ 
uals, so that no two human beings are alike in all things. 
A person may have splendid breathing power but poor 
digestion or circulatory power or vice versa. In like 
manner the several elements of the mind differ in degrees 
of strength, a person may have strong appetites but poor 
intellect, strong observing powers but poor reflective, 
lofty sentiments with weak social feelings, a great love 
of music with little mathematical ability; another person 
may be right the reverse of this, strong where the other 
is weak. These constitutional differences are due to the 
inherent tendencies, as modified by education—the term 
education as here used, includes all forces of food, climate, 
association and mental training that in any way effects 
the nature. 

Since each of the several elements find expression 
through some specific part of the organization, that part 
will be large or small in proportion and corresponding 
with the strength or weakness of the function. In other 
words, the body and brain being but the instruments of 
the soul and mind it follows that the several develop¬ 
ments of the body and brain will be in proportion to the 
nature and strength of the several vital functions and 
elements of the mind. Since we can not see or examine 
a vital function or mental faculty, we study the organi¬ 
zation through which it is manifested and in this way 
determine the strength, relative and absolute, of the 
several elements in the nature. If the inherent nature 
is complex, refined, poetic, artistic, sentimental it will 
build about itself a correspondingly fine-grained, com¬ 
plex body and brain, face and feature. If the inherent 
nature is crude, simple, coarse, animal, it will build 
about itself a coarse-grained body and brain, face and 
feature. In like manner, the several vital organs will 
be large and strong, or small arid weak in proportion to 
the inherent strength of their respective functions in the 
nature. This same law applies to all the elements of 
the mind, each will be represented by a nerve center 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


39 


corresponding in size and development to the inherent 
strength of the faculty, as modified by the education. 
In this way, the visible, material man becomes a per¬ 
fect guide and infallible means of studying and know¬ 
ing the invisible, immaterial man. So that we have but 
to study the build of the body, the form and develop¬ 
ment of the brain, the form and expression of the face, 
to ascertain the relative strength and activity of the 
several elements of the mind and determine the charac¬ 
ter of the man. 


PART II. 

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS. 

HEREDITY. 

How Natural Tendencies Are Produced. 

f ^HE natural constitutions and dispositions of peo- 
o people differ very materially, no two are alike not 
even in the same family. The inherent nature, quality 
and constitution is paramount in its influence on the 
probabilities and possibilities of life. It exceeds even 
the influence of education. To be well born is to re¬ 
ceive the greatest gift within the power of man; truly 
great men, truly good men, truly bad men are born not 
made by education. - The stream can never rise above 
its source, nor man above his inheritance. Education 
and early training may do a great deal for the child, 
favorable environments for the adult, but these are to 
the man what the grinding and nickel plating and pol¬ 
ishing are to the tool. If the steel is not good and the 
tempering right all finishing amounts to but little when 
the tool is put to hard usage. The “steel” of our 
nature is from the Father, the “tempering” is given by 
the mother during gestation. If these be right the man 
will chisel his way from the base to the summit; but if 
these be wrong all polishing and nickel plating by edu¬ 
cation are of but little service in the realities of life. 
Nickel plated , pot-metal tools look well in a show case , 


40 HEREDITY AND PRENATAL CULTURE. 

so do wooden-headed society , polished men , but neither are 
worth their room in the field of action. We would not 
speak disparagingly or underrate the great importance 
of good home influences, early training and education, 
for all may be immeasurably improved thereby, but this 
can never take the place of a good inheritance. The 
inheritent constitution and disposition of each individ¬ 
ual are the result of and determined by three general 
causes. First, as has previously been observed, the 
parent nature crystallizes into the seed germ all of the 
elements peculiar to its nature, in the proportion and 
relative strength in which they exist in the parent. 
This seed or germ, therefore, will be an epitome of the 
parent nature, but because of the magnetic influences 
already explained, it will be modified by the mental and 
physical conditions of the Father at the time of the 
initial of life. This germ cell, therefore, is not only an 
epitome of the fixed characteristics of the Father nature, 
but it is also an expression of his transient conditions, 
for this reason the child inherits both the fixed peculiar¬ 
ities and transient states of the Father’s nature. If the 
Father be honest or dishonest, temperate or intemper¬ 
ate, kind or unkind, so far as his influence goes his child 
will be like him. In this way, the child of the inebriate 
often inherits an uncontrollable appetite for strong drink; 
the child of the tobacco slave may suffer in like manner; 
the child of unguided passion may be born to a life of 
shame, while the child of the thoughtful, kind and re¬ 
fined will have similar qualities of thought and refine¬ 
ment. Many a father by his unguided selfishness, 
intemperance, vice or dishonesty has entailed upon his 
child appetites and propensities it will never control, 
and thereby foreordained it to a life of shame, if not to an 
eternity of hell. Whereas by a different course, a life 
of temperance, thought, virtue and lofty sentiments the 
natural tendencies of his child would have been onward 
and upward forever. 

Secondly, this life germ, the epitome of the Father 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 41 

nature, having taken up its abode in the holy of holies 
and united its forces with its companion cell in 
the Mother nature at once begins the unfoldment 
of a new life. The natural constitution and disposition 
of the Father nature, as crystallized in the seed cell now 
comes under the influence of the Mother nature. From the 
moment of the initial of life to birth, the Mother’s mag¬ 
netic forces, the expressions of her natural disposition, pe¬ 
culiarities of her constitution and transient moods and 
states of mind are ever flowing through and entering into 
the composition of the unfolding life. The child thus form¬ 
ing is not only depending upon the Mother for nourish¬ 
ment, but is ever being modified and moulded in dis¬ 
position by the Mother’s mind. _ If the Mother be well 
nourished and take an abundance of exercise, the child 
will usually possess a strong physique, whereas if she 
subsist on patent flour, pastry and delicacies and takes 
little exercise, the child is almost sure to be weak and 
puny. During the last three or four months of the 
period" of gestation, the influence of the Mother’s 
mind is especially potential. During this period, the 
Mother can mould and modify the child’s nature at will. 
She may even modify to such an extent that the child 
will resemble the Mother in constitution and disposition 
far more than the Father, even where there is no special 
effort or volition on her part, if her constitution, disposi¬ 
tion and character be the stronger, the child will par¬ 
take more of the Mother’s qualities than the Father’s. 
While if the Father’s nature be very strong and pro¬ 
nounced and the Mother’s nature weak, she may be able 
to modify the child’s nature comparatively little. 

In most cases the Mother may by the application 
and persistent use of any element of her mind transmit 
this element to her child to a degree corresponding 
to its activity in her nature. In this wav, the Mother 
may by studying her own and the Father’s weak¬ 
nesses and assiduously exercising the weak qualities 
transmit them to the child in a much higher order 


42 


HEREDITY AND PRENATAL CULTURE. 


than possessed by the parents. In like manner by restrain¬ 
ing from activity the elements known to be too strong, they 
will be partially withheld from the child. By the persis¬ 
tent study of mathematics, poetry, music, mechanics or 
the exercise of the higher sentiments, even though they 
he but moderately strong in the Mother nature , the child will 
possess them in a much higher degree . Whereas by a life 
of indolence, unguided appetite and mental inactivity the 
child will be slothful, indolent, selfish and a cipher 
mentally.^ In other words, so far as the Mother’s in¬ 
fluence goes, the child will be a crystallization of the 
physical and mental states of the Mother during this 
period. It is the active powers in the parents previous to 
and at the initial of life and in the Mother during gestation 
that become the strong powers in the child, the primary ele¬ 
ments of genius, virtue, intelligence or vice, intemper¬ 
ance and crime. • - The human mind is like a complex 
battery, each element is a cell, radiating from each cell 
is a magnetic current, the strength of the current de¬ 
pending upon the strength and activity of the cell. These 
currents are ever passing from the Mother’s mind 
through the child’s nature. It is the active cells that 
will cause their magnetism to flow most fully through 
the child’s nature, enter into its organization, pre¬ 
dominate in its nature and determine the possibili¬ 
ties and probabilities of its life, as well as the peculiari¬ 
ties of its disposition. Thirdly, each planet in the 
universe has its peculiar magnetism, determined in its 
character by the relative proportion of the elements or 
substance of which it is composed. This magnetism of 
the planet, called electricity, is really the soul, the life 
of the planet. It is what holds it together, keeps it in 
proper relation to all other planets and the center sun, 
in the same way that the magnetic currents surround 
the atom and give it its peculiarity and power. This 
electricity, or soul of the planet is what sustains all life, 
enters into all compositions, but for which no life could 
exist. The universe as a whole, making up the body of 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 43 

God, each planet like a cell, is adding its peculiar mag¬ 
netism to this lower attribute of the Divine nature. 
Man being a composite of all the elements in the world, 
the several planets add their proportion to his nature, 
thereby modifying the disposition because of the ele¬ 
ments they give to his organization. As previously 
explained, the peculiarities of the life of the individual 
are determined primarily by the elements entering into 
its composition, and since the several planets each have 
a composition peculiar to itself, it follows that the 
planet influencing the earth most at the time of the 
formation of the new life and its birth will enter most 
fully into its nature and become its controlling element, 
while other planets will enter into the child’s nature in 
proportion to their relative strength and position, each 
giving its peculiar magnetism, thereby moulding and 
modifying the disposition of the child. * The three 
forces that we have briefly described, combine to pro¬ 
duce the natural constitution and disposition of every child. 

As the inherent tendencies are paramount in their 
influence upon every life, so the consideration of the 
laws of heredity lie at the foundation of all reform. If 
the principles of heredity that have for ages been 
applied to domestic animals, were applied to man, if 
legislation was directed to the prevention of crime rather 
than its punishment, if a portion of the money now 
expended on courts, jails, asylums, inebriate homes and 
reform schools was expended in the dissemination of a 
knowledge of the laws of heredity and the causes of 
unfortunate inherent tendencies, in a few generations all 
of these great evils would pass into oblivion and war and 
bloodshed become a thing of the past. The law that is to 
govern , control and direct the appetites , selfishness and pas¬ 
sions of men can never be enacted in congress and handed 
down to her subjects but must be in-acted in parents and 
handed down to their progeny. 

*For further consideration of the subject of Hereditary and Prenatal Culture 
see Prof. N. N. Riddell’s lecture on “Prenatal Culture,” sent to any address on re¬ 
ceipt of price 25 cents. Address, N. N. Riddell, Raymond, Nebraska. 



44 


ORGANIC QUALITY. 


ORGANIC QUALITY. 

And How It Hay Be Determined. 

|jR^HE inhererent nature and constitution of people 
differ not only in the relative strength of the sev¬ 
eral functions of body and mind but in the complexity, 
density and intensity of the soul nature. Some are 
naturally refined, intense and highly animated, others 
are by nature crude, coarse, sluggish, simple and com¬ 
mon-place. This constitutional difference is an inherent 
condition and is the result of the nature and activity of 
the elements entering into the compositions of the life. 
From the three sources just referred to under “Hered¬ 
ity,” the elements of the life are gathered and the char¬ 
acter and quality of these elements determine the 
Organic Quality, the native or mherent texture of the 
organization. The differences in this native texture, 
this organic quality of the soul, constitutes the primary 
difference between individuals. It is pre-eminent in its 
influence upon life, mind and character. It gives grain 
to the bone, compactness to the flesh, v fiber to the 
muscle, elasticity to the step, acuteness to the touch, 
texture to the brain, tone to the voice, expression to 
the face, sparkle to the eye, intensity to energy, deli¬ 
cacy to appetite, refinement to the feelings, altitude to 
the ambition, brilliancy to the intellect, poetry to the 
sentiments, animation to the life and fervency to the 
soul. As the inherent nature of plant, animal or man 
differ in refinement, so they will differ in the texture of 
the physical organization. This law of quality runs 
throughout the entire organic world; density gives 
weight, compactness of fiber gives strength. Some tim¬ 
ber, animals and men weigh more and are stronger to 
the square inch than others, this is as true of brain as of 
muscle. Quality is next in importance to size or quan¬ 
tity in determining the strength of timber, bone, muscle 
or brain. A large muscle may be soft, flabby and weak, 
not half as strong as one much smaller that is dense and 
compact, the same is true of brain. A very large, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


45 


coarse, fatty brain may have far less power than one 
much smaller, of fine texture and high Organic Quality. 
The greatest strength of body or brain, to be sure, re¬ 
quire both size and quality, so that large heads do not 
necessarily indicate genius or small ones mental weakness. 
Truly great men combine size with quality in body and 
brain. 

INDICATIONS OF ORGANIC QUALITY. 

Since we can not see the soul nature we study the 
texture of the physical organization to determine its 
inherent quality. It is impossible to satisfactorily illus- 


Fine. Coarsf. 



Fig. i.— W. O. Riddell. Fig. 2.—Italian Bruiser. 


trate this difference, but Fig. i and Fig. 2 are sufficiently 
suggestive to give the student an idea of its indications 
in face and feature. We have but to look about us to 
see every degree from the low and coarse to the high 
and refined in real life. Since all parts correspond with 
all other parts, large joints, angular coarse features, 
thick skin, coarse hair, expressionless face, dull eyes, 
coarse heavy voice, are indications of low order of brain 



health. 


46 

and corresponding low order of being or soul nature. 
While a close built, physical organization, compact mus¬ 
cles, finely chiselled, well-formed features, thin skin, fine 
hair, brilliant eye and animated countenance are infalli¬ 
ble indications of a complex, highly organized brain 
and a correspondingly refined inherent nature. The 
degree of the Organic Quality is only one of the primary 
elements of strength, but it gives shade, tone and refine¬ 
ment to every part of the being and will be manifest in 
every act, thought, feeling and sentiment. When it is 
very fine the nature will be most intense, complex, sen¬ 
sitive and susceptible to impressions, highly animated, 
refined in feeling and thoroughly alive, while where the 
Organic Quality is low the opposite conditions maintain, 
the organization is simple, feelings blunt, the appetites 
are coarse, sentiments low, the aspirations moderate, the 
intellect weak and the whole nature is lacking in suscep¬ 
tibility, vividness and responsiveness; there is very little 
soul to the square inch. 

HEALTH. 

Its Value and Importance. 

Vitality and Food, Their Influence Upon Mind and Character. 

BW people appreciate the value of health until 
m? they have lost it. Few realize the importance of 
building and maintaining a strong physique until the 
hand of disease has shattered their hopes, incapacitated 
them for life’s duties and they find their ambitions 
chained to earth by the weaknesses of the flesh. The 
bright-eyed, precocious child is crowded at a ruinous 
rate through the schools, and instead of filling the cher¬ 
ished place in a nation’s history fills an invalid’s chair 
or a flower-bedecked grave. Young ladies of delicate 
physique, but brilliant minds, are graduated while yet 
in their teens but robbed of all the possibilities for true 
womanhood as sister, wife or mother. Ambitious 
youths rush madly up the steeps of fame only to fail 
when just high enough to feel the first thrill of glory. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 47 

The capacity to work, do business, study, learn, enjoy, 
be happy, or make others happy, depends largely upon 
the existing states of health. It is as important there¬ 
fore as life itself, for what is life without health ? What 
value has life if incapacitated for doing, studying or 
enjoying ? To increase the health is to increase the 
possibilities and capabilities of life. A business man 
capable of earning $2,000 a year, by gluttony intemper¬ 
ance and dissipation injures the health, blunts the sen¬ 
sibilities, weakens the memory, destroys the affability 
and lowers his capacity as a salesman one-half, his 
unguided appetites have not only been a great expense 
to him but they have halved the possibilities of his life; 
in like manner, by overwork, intemperance or worry 
thousands are dividing their capabilities. The happi¬ 
ness of millions of homes is completely destroyed be¬ 
cause of the impaired health of one or more members of 
the household; the once loving wife or kind husband 
becomes nervous, irritable and fault-finding; to restore 
perfect health would bring peace and happiness^ to 
many a home. Since all physical states effect the 
mental, it follows that if we would have a strong, 
vigorous mind, chaste desires, pure sentiments, lofty 
aspirations and tender sympathies, we must obey the laws 
of health. Since all sickness is the result of broken law, 
and health the normal condition, to be sick is sure 
evidence that we have sinned against our own nature 
and we should feel as much ashamed and conscience- 
smitten for being sick as we would if found guilty of 
having broken any other of God’s laws. 

Perfect health consists in the normal and harmonious 
activity of all the vital functions and mental faculties. 
Perfect health is only possible where the inherent nature 
and constitution are harmoniously developed. Health 
consists in the normal and vigorous exercise of a physi¬ 
cal function and disease in its abnormal action. 
Health gives strength to the body, force to the energies, 
relish to the appetites, warmth to the feelings, stability 


HEALTH. 


48 

to the will, keenness to perception, originality to 
thought, vigor to mind, zeal to ambition, fervency to 
sentiment and buoyancy to hope. It is the source of 
vital energy, the producer of life, wealth and happiness. 

The health of the body, brain and mind depends pri- 
mirarily upon the inherent constitution; not that people 
often inherit a disease, but that they inherit a tendency 
towards disease or physical weaknesses that makes 
them delicate and susceptible to disease. The inher¬ 
ent weaknesses, if early understood, can usually be 
overcome. The cultivation of weak organs, will 
be considered under separate heads. Health second¬ 
arily, is dependent largely upon food, air, exercise, 
cleanliness, sleep and rest. The health, strength and 
vigor of the body and mind depend largely upon food 
and exercise, without food there is nothing with which to 
build muscle or brain , without exercise there is no building. 

THE QUANTITY OF FOOD 

And the amount of exercise should correspond, too 
much of either for a given constitution are injurious. 
There are many whose health is ruined by too much 
exercise, but there are far more whose health is ruined 
by too much food. It is not the amount eaten but the 
amount that is digested and assimilated that gives nour¬ 
ishment. It requires a great expenditure of nervous 
energy to digest a big meal, and about as many consti¬ 
tutions are broken down in their efforts to digest great 
quantities of food forced on to them by a perverted 
appetite, as are broken down by hard work. Thousands 
of would-be brain workers and millions of business men 
are dull, sluggish and can’t think because the energies 
that should be in the brain supplying mind are “down 
stairs” in the stomach vainlv endeavoring to dispose of 
“a stuffed order.” It is an indisputable fact, that mil¬ 
lions impair the health by eating too much. When one 
has taken sufficient food to completely nourish the body 
to take more is an outrage against nature and is sure to 
bring its punishment. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


49 


THE QUALITY OF FOOD 

Best adapted to the race is a question of great importance 
and about which authorities greatly disagree, however, 
we feel sure that a fair-minded, unbiased .investigation 
will force any one to the conclusion that vegetables, 
fruits, cereals and nuts are the natural, and therefore 
the best diet for man. There is no question but that 
they make the best diet by far for those who would 
think , learn, reason and be happy in the enjoyment of a pure, 
happy , chaste life. Not but what animal food nourishes 
the body and sustains the brain and in some constitu¬ 
tions seems to be indispensable; but, that it is not the 
natural food of man there is little question, and that it 
is a great cause of disease no fair-minded person can 
deny. So that while its use in moderate may (?) be 
best for some constitutions, to “just live on meat” as 
some do is not only a great cause of loathsome, malig¬ 
nant diseases but a still greater cause of vice, intemper¬ 
ance and crime. The quality of the food not only effects 
the health and strength of the physical organization, the 
power to think and study, but it also materially effects 
the appetites and passions and thereby moulds the char¬ 
acter of the mind.^ The substance from which the life 
draws its sustenance will effect the character of the life. 
This is a law running throughout all nature.^ A rose 
in one kind of soil will have a deeper, richer hue and 
emit a sweeter aroma than in another soil. A cowardly 
cur constantly fed on raw beef becomes courageous, hogs 
fed at slaughter-houses become vicious, even doves, the 
emblem of docility and love, if fed for generations on 
meats exclusively become carnivorous; while carnivor¬ 
ous, vicious animals constantly fed on fruits and cereals 
gradually lose these characteristics. Man’s nature forms 
no exception to this law, and while “vital action trans¬ 
forms all substances into itself’ the animality of animal 
food is not fully destroyed by vital action. 

There is no question but what animal food feeds the 
animal appetites, passions and propensities of man, 


50 


HEALTH. 


stimulating foods call for stimulating drinks. The great 
amount of animal food used in the United States is one 
of the primary causes of the appalling intemperance in 
the use of liquors. Despite of education and moral 
persuasion, intemperance has kept pace with the increased 
consumption of animal food and the intemperance and 
selfishness of man will only be reduced by a change of 
his diet. The coarser the animal food, other things 
being equal, the more degrading and animalizing will 
be its influence. A great scientist has well said, “Let 
me feed the criminal classes for a hundred years and I 
will banish crime.” So long as people feed on pork, 
sausage, head cheese and pigs’ feet, so long the world 
will be full of biped hogs with cheese heads in which 
selfishness and animality reign supreme. While a few 
constitutions may (?) require animal food, and a few 
dispositions may be so devoid of all self interest and 
animality that they may need animal food to nourish or 
increase their animality, certainly a very large major¬ 
ity of humanity could dispense with it greatly to their 
advantage. There is no question but that the highest 
physical, intellectual and spiritual development is 
most easily attained from a diet composed mainly, if not 
wholly, of fruits, grains and nuts. If selfishness, 
tyranny, war and bloodshed are to continue the ruling 
elements in individuals and nations, then let us continue 
to slay the bullock, gnaw the fiber from his bones, sub¬ 
sist on his flesh, that the mind may be filled with cour¬ 
age, hatred, passion and revenge, so that the enemy may 
fall before the sword and the family engage in domestic 
war; but if the spirit of love, kindness, charity towards 
all and malice towards none, are to become the ruling 
spirit in the home and in the nation the less animal food 
the better. When the gray dawn of the millennial 
morning lights up the eastern horizon with its golden 
beams of glory and the angel of peace spreads her white 
wings o’er the earth, the use of flesh as food will have 
long since been a thing of the past. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 51 

PEOPLE EAT MOST OE their DISEASES. 

Intemperance is by no means confined to those who 
use the evil weed or drain the flowing bowl. To preach 
and claim temperance and then cover the food with 
pepper, mustard, spices and hot sauces is to preach vir¬ 
tue and revel in vice. Such things do not feed but 
stimulate and irritate; hot stuffs in the stomach inflame the 
base of the brain and thereby set the passions on fire. This 
i£ the principal reason, why the character of those who 
are slaves to tobacco or strong drink invariably sinks 
lower and lower in the scale of morals. Few persons 
have any conception of how much the health of the 
body, strength of the mind, and purity of the sentiment 
are dependent upon the food. People little suspect that 
the shattered nerves are the result of their strong tea, 
coffee or condiments, that the dull, sleepy, gloomy fore¬ 
bodings and periodical headaches are the result of the 
excessive use of fats, sweets and pastry, or that 
the quick, ungovernable temper, passion, hatred, 
jealousy, _ impure thoughts and unnatural w longings 
are the result of stimulating food and drink. We 
have observed a great many cases of periodical head¬ 
ache and invariably find it connected with unhygienic 
cooking. When we have made mention of this fact 
to the patient, they have usually assured us that we 
must be mistaken, for the Mother always had periodical 
headache and it is therefore an inherent tendency which 
no drugs or hygiene could- overcome. This led us to 
further investigations, which developed the fact, that 
when a young man, who has- never experienced this 
terrible periodical headache—that comes on every thirty 
days and lasts six weeks at a time—marries into a family 
that suffers from this affliction, and he lives on his young 
wife’s cooking, in a few years he too becomes a victim to 
perodical headache, in this case he must have inherited 
it from his Mother-in-law, transmitted by the way of the 
frying pan. A guest at a hotel complains of sciatice 
rheumatism, has a sharp pain just below the left 


health. 


52 

shoulder blade, the right knee is stiff, while the left 
ankle is badly swollen, he is suffering from a double 
curviture of the spine, facial neuralgia, tooth-ache, an all- 
gone feeling about the stomach, general nervous debility 
and irritability, and with all declares that he is not feel¬ 
ing very well himself. x Dinner is announced, our un¬ 
fortunate friend makes his way to the table, he is served 
with a fine piece of beefsteak that he immediately pro¬ 
ceeds to cover with a hot sauce of red pepper, mustard 
and vinegar. As he devoures his beefsteak, he alternates 
each fiery bite with a swallow of ice water. After dinner 
he reappeares in the parlors of the hotel, doubled up like 
a jackknife, and twisting his face like a scalded ape, ex¬ 
claims between the paroxysms of pain, “I don’t see why 
in the world I always have neuraligia of the stomach 
right after dinner.” The wonder is that he has stomach 
enough left to have" neuralgia in. Had he placed the 
plaster that he put on the beefsteak on his arm it would 
have blistered it in fifteen minutes. 

A gentleman called at our office ’and recited the 
usual report of domestic infelicities, disappointed love, 
his self-sacrificing, heroic efforts to get along with the 
woman that he once “loved better than his life,” who 
had proved to be “a thorn in the flesh,” a compound of 
anger, jealousy and inconsistencies. He describes with 
poetic pathos her sweet, womanly manner and kindly 
sympathetic nature when they were first wed, how she 
was “the rose of Sharon fair to his soul” but now every 
petal has fallen and he can no longer stand the pricking 
and irritation of the brier; he knits his brows and de¬ 
clares that, “Forbearance has ceased to be a virtue.” 
In the meantime, we have observed the unfortunate 
man is suffering from chronic dyspepsia, concentrated 
sweets have burnt his liver out, his eyes betray unmis¬ 
takable evidences of kidney trouble, while every line 
and expression of the face indicates intense nervous irri¬ 
tability. He tells me, that he was once a good man, an 
earnest Christian, but of late he has been dissipating a 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 53 

little, and he thinks that the only way to right up again 
is to “get a divorce from this Tartar of a woman.” Dur¬ 
ing our conversation, he has taken three big chews of 
tobacco and on leaving the office, he insists on our having 
a smoke with him, which offer we have to most kindly 
decline to prevent irritating him. , The next day a once 
healthy and happy, but now nervous and most wretched 
woman calls at our office to tell the oft-repeated story of 
self sacrifice, toil without recompense, and of her years 
of patient effort for which she has received nothing but 
harsh words and complete subjection to her husband’s 
will, that has left her a broken-down, nervous wreck, 
and with eyes flooded with tears, she asks if I think it 
possible for a woman in her condition to live happily with 
such a man. She says they have three children, but they 
can’t get along with their father so they have been sent 
out among strangers. We inquire about their way of 
living, cooking, etc., and find that they like everything 
very highly seasoned. Spiced sausage with pepper- 
sauces is their favorite meat and is served three times a 
day with an occasional change for head cheese or potted 
ham; potatoes are fried crisp in hog’s lard; they use the 
superfine flour made into hot biscuits or batter cakes; 
what fruits they use are preserved, highly spiced or 
pickled; but the lady insists that she knows what she 
eats does not hurt her because she eats so very little , that 
she “just lives on strong tea, keeps the tea pot on the 
back of the stove all the time and uses this instead of 
water,” says she has not taken a drink.of water in six 
months; she also tells me, that she hasn’t had a sound 
night’s sleep in a year; she says her nerves were always 
good until her husband became so abusive. On inquiry, 
we find this unfortunate woman is no other than the 
wife of the unfortunate man who called the day before. 
Now the difficult question to decide before intelligent 
advice can be given this unfortunate couple is, whether 
the great change that has come about in their disposi¬ 
tions is due to the way in which they have lived and the 


54 


PURE AIR AND PURE WATER. 


nervous irritability they have thus brought on them¬ 
selves, or whether the diseases and consequent irrita¬ 
bility are the result of mental differences that made it 
impossible for them to harmonize in domestic relations. 
It is usually both, but in the great majority of cases 
where the conditions were as described in this unfortu¬ 
nate family, the change has been brought about by 
unwholesome food, strong tea, coffee, tobacco and other 
narcotics. It is universally recognized, that stimulating 
drinks are the greatest cause of immorality, domestic 
infelicities, vice and crime; it is equally true, that no 
small proportion of humanity’s ills and imperfections 
are directly or indirectly caused by an unwholesome, 
stimulating diet. When people learn to live on pure, 
wholesome food, avoiding stimulants, condiments, 
tobacco, tea and coffee, patent flour, pork meats and 
concentrated sweets, then and not until then will health 
of body and peace of mind be possible. 

PURE AIR AND PURE WATER 
Are as essential to perfect health as proper food. An 
abundance of pure air is an indispensible requisite to 
physical strength and mental vigor, it is what vivifies 
the blood and sends it rushing through the body and 
brain, charged with the positive force of life. If the air 
is impure or has been robbed of its life-giving oxygen, it 
fails to charge the blood with dynamic power or free it 
from poisonous gases. Students attempt to study in a 
non-ventilated room, but find after a few minutes that 
the mind becomes dull, the powers of perception and 
memory sluggish and they are almost irresistibly over¬ 
come by sleep; the fact is, all the air in the room has 
been breathed over, the oxygen exhausted, and they are 
now being stupified with the carbonic acid gas, the 
nerves have lost their energy from want of oxygen, the 
blood is becoming thick and heavy because it is not 
vivified or oxygenized. The same effort in study put 
forth in a well-ventilated room would accomplish a great 
deal more and the study be a real pleasure instead of an 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 55 

irksome task. The constitutions of millions of people 
are broken down directly or indirectly by working in 
unventilated rooms. In many of our large manufac- 
turies and shops the ventilation is so poor that the blood 
can never be thoroughly oxygenized and without complete 
oxygenation there can be no complete nourishment. Indiges¬ 
tion, dyspepsia and nervous prostration are not infre¬ 
quently caused by the blood only being partially oxygen¬ 
ized. During the winter season but very few houses, 
shops, schoolrooms or churches are properly ventilated; 
people seem to think that if it is cool enough that is all 
that is needed; they forget that cold air may be just as 
impure as hot air. In our extensive experience as a lec¬ 
turer, we have found that usually when we have called 
for fresh air the janitor at once proceeded to turn off the 
heat and insisted that the room would soon cool down, 
whereas, what we wanted was more fire and the win¬ 
dows open. It is safe to say that one-third the pulpit 
oratory of the country is smothered by carbonic acid 
gas and falls ineffectual, on the ears of a partially stupi- 
fied congregation. The “Sunday headache,” the regu¬ 
lar stereotyped excuse for not attending church on 
Sunday morning, is not altogether an imaginary afflic¬ 
tion instituted by the Selfish Propensities to appease the 
demands of Conscience, but is often the result of the 
additional Sunday morning nap in an unventilated bed¬ 
room where the oxygen has been completely exhausted 
during the night, so that the extra hour’s rest is really 
an hour more in the stupifying, poisonous gas. Nor is 
the effects of breathing impure air limited to the physi¬ 
cal organization; by its influence directly or indirectly 
upon the brain and nervous system, it has a marked in¬ 
fluence upon character. There is a close relationship 
between impure air and impure thoughts, observation 
proves that foul air begets foul thoughts and deeds. The 
dispositions of children or even adults are often com¬ 
pletely changed by sleeping or working in a close, ill- 
ventilated room. The child awakens in the morning 


56 PURE AIR AND PURE WATER. 

cross and peevish, Mamma has a headache and Father 
growls, all the result of having spent the night in unven¬ 
tilated rooms; whereas by stretching a piece of canvas 
over the window to prevent draft, and then let the win¬ 
dow be well open above and below, they would have 
found sleep much more refreshing and its awakening the 
dawn of another happy day. 

PURE WATER. 

The importance of pure water is a subject that can¬ 
not be overestimated. Space forbids us giving even the 
briefest outline of the many ways in which the water 
becomes impregnated with diseased germs and poisenous 
matter from sewers, cesspools, marshes, barnyards, 
poisonous gases, etc., suffice it to say, that because of 
the rapidity with which water absorbes poison and be¬ 
cause of the rapid multiplication of disease germs in 
water and the constant inflow of impurities from the 
surface of the ground, impure water is unquestionably 
the cause of more epidemics and the chariot on which 
more diseased germs make their way into the system 
than any other. Too much care cannot be exercised in 
procuring pure water. Most city water must be filtered 
or distilled before it is fit for use, where this is impossible, 
boiling it will in most instances materially purify it; 
cistern water should always be boiled. Pure water, like 
pure air, should be taken in unrestricted doses, there are 
ninty-nine people who use too little water to every one 
who uses too much. While it is not well to drink much 
if any with the food, everyone should use an abundance 
of pure water two hours after meals and before retiring. 
Many organizations become diseased wholly from the 
want of water, the blood becomes thick and impure, the 
liver and kidneys inactive, and the whole system freighted 
with broken down cells and wasted tissues and inflam¬ 
mation and disease become inevitable. The blood can 
be washed and the whole system kept clean and pure by 
simply using abundance of pure water; so wait for two 
hours after a meal for the food to digest then drink , drink , 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 57 

drink. Fully one-half of the beneficial results and won¬ 
derful cures from treatment at mineral springs are due 
to the quantity of water used rather than the minerals 
they contain. The external use of water in abundance 
is almost as important as its internal use. The weekly 
or semi-weekly bath is absolutely necessary as a matter 
of cleanliness, and cleanliness is the next thing to God¬ 
liness. While the savage or semi-civilized man may 
‘ ‘live a hundred years without a bath, ’ ’ the complex, ner¬ 
vous, intense organization of civilized man makes the 
frequent bath and personal cleanliness a pre-requisite to 
good health, an active mind and pure thoughts. The 
frequent bath removes the excretions of the body and 
thereby unloads the system of poisonous substances, 
increases capillary circulation, soothes and invigorates 
the nervous system and opens the way for the absorp¬ 
tion of the life-giving oxygen. If the excretions of the 
skin are not removed they will be re-absorbed into the 
system and thus poison the blood and pollute the mind, 
so that cleanliness is a pre-requisite to perfect health 
and purity of thought. The custom of baptism had in 
its origin a double significance, a physical reality and a 
spiritual symbol of cleanliness. 

IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE. 

Without food there is no nourishment, so without 
exercise there is no strength. Activity is the law of life, 
strength and growth; inertia of decay and death. He 
who would have a strong body and a strong mind must 
use them. “Six days shall thou work,” was written in the 
constitution of every human being, ages before it was 
thundered from the mountains. More constitutions are 
ruined and more minds are weak from lack of proper ex¬ 
ercise and activity than from over-work. No man ever 
achieved great eminence by his own efforts, or rose to 
high intellectual distinction who did not do hard, physi- 
sical work in early life. This observation is perfectly 
rational, when we remember that the mind is dependent 
upon the brain and the brain upon the body, and if the 


STEEP AND REST. 


58 

body is not exercised so that it may become strong and 
fibrous, it can not sustain the brain or supply the mind 
with nervous energy; not that a strong body insures a 
strong mind, but that a strong mind must have a strong 
body to sustain it. The modern system of education 
that seeks to make strong minds by stuffing them with 
text-books, ruins as many minds as it improves. True 
education consists in the harmonious exercise and devel¬ 
opment of all the powers of body and mind so that a 
strong physique, a cultured mind, and a lofty sentiment 
may unite in forming a symmetrical character. 

STEEP AND REST 

Are nature’s means of removing the broken down cells 
and worn out tissues resulting from muscular and ner¬ 
vous activity during the hours of exercise and replacing 
them with new material. If this work of removing the 
debris and rebuilding the ruined temple is not completed 
once in every twenty-four hours, the constitution must 
suffer in proportion to the deficiency. None can afford 
to deny themselves the sleep and rest their constitutions 
require. Some constitutions require ?nuch more than 
others; brain-workers require more sleep than those 
engaged in manual labor, since one can rest the muscles 
without sleep, while perfect rest to the mind can only 
be obtained by perfectly dreamless sleep. To obtain 
perfect sleep, one should avoid heavy, indigestible sub¬ 
stances in the stomach, have the room well ventilated, 
with barely sufficient bed-clotlilng to keep warm, have 
the feet warm, the head cool, the body straight, the 
head but slightly elevated by a small pillow. One 
should dismiss immediately on retiring all intense 
thoughts, worrying, planning, business, books or sub¬ 
jects that are apt to be continuous in character, and by 
all means avoid the habit of reading or studying, forget¬ 
ting all cares of the day, let quiet meditation on the 
beauties of nature or the mercies of God soothe the soul 
into tranquil repose. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


59 


TEMPERAMENTS. 

Constitutional Differences Classified. 

fTj% HK human organization is composed of three dis- 
JiP tinct classes of organs. There is a bone and 
muscular system, composed of some 208 bones, clothed 
with about 527 muscles, capable of some 14,000 distinct 
motions. There is a vital and nutritive system com¬ 
posed of the alimentary canal, liver, heart, lungs, gan- 
galionic nerves, etc. A brain and nervous system 
composed of brain, cerebro-spinal and sympathetic 
nerves. While all of these several systems are found in 
each organization, they seldom, if ever, exist in the 
same degree of strength and development. The pre¬ 
dominance of any one of these systems will give a peculiar 
form and texture to the body, shape and development 
to the brain, line and expression to the face, direction, 
tone and shade to every mental quality, so that when 
there is a predominance of one of these systems, it is 
said to temper the organization in that direction, hence 
the word “ temperament .” Temperament, then, is a con¬ 
dition of body and mind resulting from the predomi¬ 
nance of a certain class of organs and functions. The 
bone and muscular system gives motive power, there¬ 
fore when it predominates we have what is called a 
Motive Temperament. The vital and nutritive system 
supplies vitality, therefore, when it predominates, we 
have what is called the Vital Temperament. The brain 
and nervous system gives sensation and mental power, 
therefore, when it predominates we have what is called 
the Mental Temperament. The predominance of any 
one of these systems or temperaments not only produces 
a certain build of body, form of brain and facial expres¬ 
sion, but the predominance exerts a peculiar influence 
over every appetite, feeling, faculty and sentiment. As 
we observed, that quality effects and gives tone to each 
element of the mind, thereby modifying the size and 
character of every element, so each temperament gives 


60 THE MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 

its peculiar shade to the several elements of the mind, 
and the character as a whole; that is to say, an element 
of mind of a given strength, will have a different mani¬ 
festation under one temperament, to what it would 
under another. As there are three distinct tempera¬ 
ments, so each element of the mind has three distinct 
properties, stability , activity , and warmth or impulse. The 
property of stability is given by the Motive Tempera¬ 
ment, so that when the Motive Temperament predom¬ 
inates all of the elements of the mind will possess this 
property in a predominance. The property of warmth 
or feeling , that becomes brilliancy in the intellect, is 
supplied by the Vital Temperament, so that where the 
Vital Temperament predominates all of the emotions 
will have the property of warmth and fervency. The 
property of activity is supplied by the Mental Tempera¬ 
ment, so that when this temperament predominates, all 
of the mental powers will be characterized by intensity 
and activity. In this way, the whole cast of mind and 
character is shaded by the predominating temperament. 
In the study of character, it therefore becomes neces¬ 
sary to not only determine the inherent constitution, 
size of brain and Organic Quality, but we must also con¬ 
sider the predominating temperament and the propor¬ 
tionate strength of the others in their several influences 
upon the body, mind and character. 

THE MOTIVE TEnPERAHENT. 

ITS PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. 

The Motive Temperament is characterized physi¬ 
cally by a physique usually tall, spare and angu¬ 
lar; the bones large and long; the joints heavy; 
muscles and ligaments strong, compact, fiberous 
and containing very little adipose tissue; head high above 
the ears, heavy back, prominent over the eyes and flat 
on the sides; features angular; large, prominent nose, 
usually Roman; upper lip long; mouth clear cut and 
usually cold; cheek bones high; jaws firm; teeth large; 
chin broad; hair and skin usually coarse, more often 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 6l 

dark than light; the whole combining to produce strength, 
stability and endurance. The walk, manner and ges¬ 
tures are all characterized by angularity, directness and 
firmness; the voice is usually heavy. This temperament 
is characterized mentally by force, energy, determina¬ 
tion, will power, a practical intellect, a close observing 
eye, a putting-things-together head. The Motive Tem- 

Strong. Weak. 


Fig. 3.— Dr. Frank Gonzales. Fig. 4.—Fva W. McGlasson. 

perament gives aggressiveness to energy, stability to 
feelings, iron to the will, firmness to the conviction, 
constancy to sentiment, application to thought, and 
reliability to character. Those in whom the Motive 
Temperament predominate are natural leaders rather 
than followers; they will rule rather than be ruled; are 
men for the field rather than the office, for business rather 
than books; they must work where they can get hold 
with both hands; they make strong friends and unrelent¬ 
ing enemies; they are the makers and builders of nations; 
they lead the armies, tunnel the mountains, do the hard 
work of the world, and supply the motive power that 
moves the world forward. 






62 


THE MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 


Where this temperament combines strongly with the 
Mental, there will be a strong tendency toward deep 
study, original investigation, independence of thought 
and freedom of expression; if accompanied by a strong 
moral nature, we have the natural born reformers,, the 
makers of public sentiment, the founders of new schools 
of thought, political parties, religious denominations and 
temperance societies; as public speakers they make long 
heavy sentences, of an angular, rather than euphonious 
character. Where this temperament is combined with 
strong Vital and weak Mental, we have more of the 
animal than of man, a strong, well-nourished, fiberous 
body, well-rounded muscles, heavy, coarse physique 
and features, with small' brain; this is the combination 
usually met with among savage and semi-civilized 
tribes. Where this temperament is combined with 
strong Mental and Vital, we have the most pronounced 
and influential characters, for the fervency of the Vital 
and the thought and activity of the Mental, will ever be 
driven forward by the energy of the Motive; this has 
usually been the combination in the world’s great 
leaders. 

Boys and girls of the Motive Temperament usually 
grow very rapidly, have large hands and feet, angular, 
unbalanced features, that often betray a harsh, uncouth 
or green, gawky expression; they early manifest pro¬ 
nounced traits of character, and if the base of the brain 
is heavy they will be wilful and selfish; they can not be 
driven; are not easily persuaded and are therefore diffi¬ 
cult of control; however, if the principles of law and 
justice be instilled by birth or education into their 
natures they early become a law unto themselves and 
everybody else. They are often dull and even stupid as 
students, but if the inherent tendencies are good and the 
brain well developed, at about the age of 17 the mind 
will become more active, the lines of the face will 
assume more of harmony, the desire to deal with first 
principles will be manifest, and ambition will mount 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 63 

upward. Children of this temperament by their indi¬ 
viduality of mind, originality of thought, independence 
of method and freedom of soul, often build a character 
that is a happy surprise to parents, and in the race of 
life often become one of the world’s great leaders; such 
was the career of the rail-splitter, who became the tall¬ 
est post in our uation. As the predominance of this 
temperament gives strength, power and stability to both 
the physical organization and the mind, its deficiency 
produces the very opposite condition. Persons in whom 
the Motive Temperament is weak, not only lack the 
bone and muscle to give physical stature and strength, 
but all of their mental powers are lacking in the ele¬ 
ment of stability; the energies are spasmodic; the feel¬ 
ings impulsive and unstable; the morals are unreliable 
and the character changeable, because there is not suffi¬ 
cient native stability to withstand outside pressure, the 
character will therefore correspond to the environments; 
such persons may will to do right but the will is insuffi¬ 
cient to bear heavy pressure; the mind may be brilliant, 
but it will lack application, stability and fixedness of 
opinion. 

THE VITAL TEflPERAMENT. 

ITS PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. 

The Vital Temperament is characterized physically by 
roundness and plumpness rather than angularity; the 
bones are relatively light and short; the muscles full and 
plump producing a short, plump, round build and form; 
the chest is deep; the abdomen full or protruding, limbs 
plump and tapering; hands and feet short, plump and 
relatively small; head round; broad between and in front 
of the ears, lower back head and neck large and fleshy; 
crown of head usually low; front top head high; integu¬ 
ments about skull thick, soft and movable; face oval; 
cheeks plump; bones of the face slight; expression hope¬ 
ful, happy, jubilant rather than decided or serious; the 
complexion usually florid, but sometimes dark from 


64 the vital temperament. 

causes hereafter explained—hair and skin fine and soft; 
the eyes usually light; the walk, gestures and actions all 
charaterized by roundness, harmony and ease, rather 
than intensity or angularity. It is characterized men¬ 
tally by self love, relish for food and drink, warmth of 


Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 5.—Ex-Speaker Thos. B. Reed. Fig. 6.—J. O. Amos. 


feeling,- vivacity of emotion, unfailing hope, jolly, good 
nature, brilliancy of intellect, more emotion than stabil¬ 
ity, more warmth than constancy, more fervency than 
conscience, more sagacity than energy, more ardor of love 
than fidelity. The Vital Temperament gives spasmodic 
action to the energies, warmth to the feelings, relish to 
the appetites, sagacity to acquisitiveness,, policy to the 
ambitions, leniency so conscience, fervency to veneration, 
ardor to sentiment, buoyancy to hope, vividness to imag¬ 
ination, brilliancy to intellect, euphonism to language, 
vivacity to life and emotion to the soul. 

Those in whom the Vital Temperament predomi¬ 
nates are warm-hearted, genial, good-natured, compan¬ 
ionable, and usually live largely in the appetites and 




HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 65 

feelings. They are the financiers of the world; they 
control the money markets of the world; have natural 
aptitude for business, trade and for getting and keeping 
their full share of this world’s goods. They excel as 
hotel keepers, bankers, brokers, in the stock exchange, 
as office men and politicians, and most any place where 
business, tact and versatility are required, but are not 
fitted for heavy manual labor. Where this temperament 
combines with a strong Motive there will be great 
strength combined with warmth and emotion; the 
direction these will take will be determined by the 
strength of the Mental Temperament and the moral 
developments, if these be strong, there will be great 
ability for extensive, complex business or literary 
attainments. If the Vital combine strongly with the 
Mental—a combination more often found in woman 
than man—we have great warmth of feeling and alti¬ 
tude of sentiment, with refinement, giving strong artis¬ 
tic taste and literary ability. Public speakers of this 
temperament are most entertaining, emotional and elo¬ 
quent; they form beautiful, well-rounded, symmetrical 
sentences, that glow with warmth and fire the souls of 
their hearers. Boys and girls in whom the Vital Tem¬ 
perament predominate are usually well formed, bright, 
happy, mischievous, selfish, sanguine, loving; have 
strong appetites but are not very wilful; they can 
usually learn rapidly but prefer play to hard work or 
constant study. The elements of stability, persistency 
and application should early be instilled into their 
natures. They should be taught the way and the im¬ 
portance of controlling the appetites and passions, since 
the predominance of these in their natures are very apt 
to rule to ruin. They should understand that they have 
too much of self love, appetite and feeling. The same 
suggestions are equally applicable to the adults in whom 
this temperament predominates; their superabundance of 
vitality, by augmenting the appetites and passions, is 
apt to become their greatest enemy. While those in 


66 


DIGESTIVE POWER. 


whom the Vital Temperament is weak are correspondingly 
deficient in vitality and buoyancy; the appetites and 
feelings are all tame; the intellect is wanting in brilliancy, 
the sentiments in vivacity and the whole being is cold 
and unemotional. 

DIGESTIVE POWER. 

Digestion is the term applied to that process in the 
animal economy of converting food, drink, air, etc., 
into a living substance from which bone, muscle, brain, 
mind and sentiment are formed, hence it is as important 
as life itself. Digestive power depends primarily upon 
the strength and functional activity of the digestive 
organs and the gangalionic nerves, and secondarily upon 
the mental states during the hours of digestion. Our 
limited space necessitates our passing over this great 
subject by a mere mention of a few facts. The first pro¬ 
cess of digestion is the mastication and salivation of the 
food, this must be thorough and complete or the diges¬ 
tion will never be complete. Since the mastication of 
the food is entirely under the control of the will, it is 
the part of the digestive function that is most apt to be 
imperfectly performed. Most persons eat as though the 
process of chewing the food was for the sole purpose of 
reducing it to a mass that could be swallowed, forget¬ 
ting that the first process of digestion is the salivation 
of the food in the mouth, and for the digestion to be 
complete the salivation must be thorough; even milk, 
mushes, etc., that require no mastication to prepare 
them for swallowing, if they are to be completely 
digested, must be eaten sufficiently slowly to allow 
them to become completely mixed with the saliva before 
entering the stomach. It is safe to assert that a very 
large per cent of the dyspepsia and indigestion found 
in modern life is the result of eating too fast, but par¬ 
tially chewing the food, washing it down and thereby 
preventing complete salivation. The half-masticated 
food irritates the stomach, ferments, and finally decom¬ 
poses instead of becoming digested, and produces acidity 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 67 

of the stomach; the acids thus produced, irritate the 
kidneys, nerves, etc., and thereby become the direct 
and indirect cause of diseases too numerous to mention. 
The rest of the process of digestion and assimilation is 
carried on by involuntary action, but because of the 
relation of the two nervous systems, heretofore ex¬ 
plained, the mental states exert a powerful influence 
over this function; this is especially true where the 
gangalionic system is weak and the cerebral-nervous sys¬ 
tem is very strong and the Organic Quality high. A happy, 
mirthful, negative state of mind increases the flow of gas¬ 
tric juice, bile and pancreatic juice, thereby promoting 
digestion, while an active, aggressive, intense or wor¬ 
ried state of mind, by retarding the flow of these several 
juices, prevents digestion. The unhappy and abnormal 
states of mind, such as the unnatural passions of anger, 
jealousy, weeping and forebodings, all have a direct and 
most weakening influence over the digestive function. 
These unhappy mental states, when long indulged in, 
may be and very often are the primary cause of dyspep¬ 
sia, liver and kidney trouble. The functional activity 
and strength of the several digestive organs may differ 
very materially in a given organization; the stomach 
may be good and the liver poor; the liver and stomach 
may both be strong and the pancreas weak; in such 
cases certain articles of food may be perfectly digested 
and assimilated while others are not; for this reason, 
“What is one person’s meat may be another’s poison,’* 
so that it is never quite safe to recommend to an invalid 
an article of diet as being just the panacea for all his 
ills because it has proved so beneficial to some one else. 
Where the stomach is at fault, a diet composed mainly 
of the cereals and such vegetables as the potato, peas 
and beans, is usually best, while the highly acid fruits, 
coarse vegetables, such as cabbage, turnips and carrots, 
tough meats, concentrated sweets, spices and condi¬ 
ments of all kinds, are almost always detrimental and 
therefore to be avoided. Where the liver is inactive and 


68 


CIRCULATORY POWER. 


the stomach and pancreas strong, a diet composed 
mainly of acid fruits and cereals will usually prove most 
beneficial, while sweets, preserves, fats and greases 
should be most rigidly avoided. 

The influence exerted over the mind by the diges¬ 
tive function differs very materially, varying according 
to the completeness of the function as a whole, and the 
strength of the several organs that take part in the sev¬ 
eral processes of digestion. When the function is well 
performed the system is well nourished, and from this 
well nourished body and brain we have the mental 
states of buoyancy, freshness, vivacity, hope, mirth, 
love, warmth, geniality and general good nature; while 
when this function is but poorly performed the whole 
system is but partially nourished, and from this impov¬ 
erished body and brain, the mental states are usually 
characterized by irritability,, indecision, gloomy forebod¬ 
ings, quick temper, peevishness, sensitiveness, rnelan- 
cholism and an impulsive, unstable, spasmodic action of 
all the feelings, faculties and sentiments. The peculiar 
mental characteristics accompanying a given case of 
dyspepsia will be determened largely by the disposition 
of the individual and the organ that is at fault. Where 
the stomach is the weak member, nervousness, irritabil¬ 
ity, sensitiveness and peevishness are usually observed. 
Where the stomach is comparitively sound and the liver 
inactive, sluggishness of mind, dullness of comprehen¬ 
sion, gloomy forebodings, unwarranted apprehensions 
and a continued attack of the blues are more apt to 
maintain. 

CIRCULATORY POWER. 

The circulatory power depends primarily upon the 
nerve power of the organization, especially the func¬ 
tional activity of the ganglionic system, and secondarily, 
upon the strength and functional activity of the heart; 
it is also greatiy influenced by the breathing power, 
since it is in the lungs that the blood is oxygenized, vivi¬ 
fied and made alive. The lungs and heart co-operate 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 69 

in the manufacture and circulation of this living sub¬ 
stance—the blood. The heart is the center and regulator 
of the circulatory system, from this center arteries and 
veins pass to and from all parts of the body. Through 
this system, the blood that has been formed by the pro¬ 
cess of digestion and oxygenation is carried to all parts 
of the body to supply bone, muscle and brain with new 
cells and electric force and bring back the broken down 
cells and wasted tissues to where they may be cast off 
through the lungs, skin and excretory organs. The im¬ 
portance, therefore, of good circulation can not be over¬ 
estimated. Its physical indications are a healthy color 
in the face; warm extremities; base of brain heavy; ears 
low down; the chin is usually broad and often round; the 
complexion sanguine or florid—the heart supplying the 
red to the complexion. The brain center of circulation 
is on the base of the brain directly inward from the back 
of the ears, its development therefore, can not be estima¬ 
ted in the living subject, but its strength may be estimated 
by the length of the life line. The length of the life line 
is found by drawing a line from the occiptal-spinalis (the 
protuberance on back of skull) to the outer angle of the 
eye, and then measuring down from this line to the open¬ 
ing of the ear; the average length of the lifeline is about 
one inch, but will vary from ^ to 1 % inches, according 
to the natural length of the life and circulatory power. 
Its mental characteristics are relish of appetite, warmth 
of feeling, ardor of love, buoyancy of hope, fervency of 
sentiment, and clearness of thought. A poor circulation 
is indicated by opposite physical characteristics and will 
produce opposite mental conditions. 

BREATHING POWER. 

Whatever lives must breathe, whether it be plant, ani¬ 
mal or man; without breath life becomes immediately ex¬ 
tinct. u He breathed into him the breath of life and man 
became a living soul. ’ ’ When the breath is gone life goes 
cut with it, the more we breath, other things being 
equal, the more life we have; to increase the breathing 


70 


BREATHING POWER. 


power is to increase all the possibilities of life; many 
only half live, work, feel, think and enjoy because they 
only half breathe. Respiration is the process through 
which the blood becomes oxygenized and receives the 
electrifying, life-sustaining element from the air, so that 
to breathe is to take life into ourselves. Deep breath¬ 
ing, by supplying an abundance of oxygen, quickens 
the circulation of the blood, purifies its quality, increases 
its life-giving power and strengthens every function of 
the body; it will make us warm when cold and cool when 
too warm; it quickens all the mental forces, intensifies 
all the feelings and refreshes the entire body, brain and 
mind. Deep, copious breathing will unable one to ward 
off disease, to expel impurities from the system, to in¬ 
crease the nervous energy, to improve the digestion, 
strengthen every power and animate the entire nature. 
O. S. Fowler’s declaration that, “Thousands die annu¬ 
ally because they are too lazy to breathe,” is as true as 
it is unfortunate. Many suffer continually from nerv¬ 
ousness, dullness, heaviness, the blues and discourage¬ 
ment, or are the victims of unchaste thoughts and 
unnatural longings, because they only half breathe; by 
ventilating the room, sitting or standing erect, throwing 
the shoulders back and filling the chest at every inspira¬ 
tion, the whole order of their lives would soon be 
changed. If you would do heavy physical or mental 
labor, breathe long and deep. The natural length of 
life and power of endurance is determined largely by 
the breathing capacity; half the secret in public speaking 
is in learning how to use the lungs so as to keep them 
always full of pure air; the same is equally true of all 
other heavy efforts. 

The power of respiration is determined by the strength 
of the nervous energy, the size of the chest and lungs, 
their expansive power and the condition of the skin. 
The chest measurement should be one-half the height and 
have an expansion of one-tenth the chest measurement, 
whoever is below this should cultivate. The skin must be 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 71 

kept cleansed, if it is to perform its part of tlie breathing 
process. If the body be completely covered with an air 
tight substance, the person will die immediately from 
suffocation; those who allow the excretion of many days 
to remain on the body put double duty on other vital 
organs. The Esquimaux seldom if ever bathe and they 
nearly all die of consumption. 

THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 

ITS PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS. 

The Mental Temperament depending upon the pre¬ 
dominance of the brain and nervous system is charac¬ 
terized by a brain relatively large. The bones are 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 7.—Charles E. Locke. Fig. 8.—Pitcher Brijetenstein. 


slight and sharp; muscles fine, fiberous and compact, 
producing a form, characterized more by sharpness and 
delicacy than plumpness, strength or angularity; the 
head is relatively large, the upper and front portion fully 
developed, while the base of the brain is usually light; 
the forehead high and pale; features fine and sharp; 



72 


THK MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 


chin pointed; the eye keen; hair and skin fine, thin and 
soft; countenance animated; expression vivid; voice high 
keyed and flexible, often sharp and irritating; the step 
and every motion quick, active and intense. The 
brain predominating in this temperament there is a strong 
tendency for all forces to flow to the brain; the ganglionic 
nerves and the vital organs are often exhausted or 
starved by the brain usurping all vitality and appropri¬ 
ating all power; the head becomes positive and hot, the 
body negative and cool, the extremities cold; too large 
a portion of the blood flows to the brain. The mental 
states exert a powerful influence over all the vital func¬ 
tions, so that they can only be partially performed when 
the large brain is active in study, work, worry or anxi¬ 
ety, hence persons ofthis temperament are prone to dys¬ 
pepsia and nervousness. It is characterized mentally by 
intensity, sensitiveness, refinement, sentiment, poetic im¬ 
agination, artistic finish, mental application, intellectual 
efficiency, in short a predominance of mind, feeling, soul 
and animation. Persons of this temperament usually 
have a natural tendency towards the good—but when 
bad become the most intense villains—they are overly 
intense in their feelings, strongly inclined to overdo; de¬ 
cidedly sensitive and easily wounded by a word; usually 
ambitious; refined in their sentiments; repelled by what¬ 
ever is coarse and grovelling; poetic and imagina¬ 
tive; often given to castle building; thoughtful, studious 
and by nature inclined towards study, books and mental 
labor or light mechanical work, where more head work 
than hand work is required. This is substantially the 
mind-giving temperament. 

As children they are those ‘ ‘the gods love, and die 
early;” they are precocious by nature; have large 
brains, bright minds, expressive eyes; are fond of study, 
very anxious to learn; are old for their years; teacher’s 
pet and the parents’ pride, but unfortunately the phy¬ 
sique is usually weak and the large brain soon exhausts 
the oil of life. By our hothouse system of education, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


73 


thousands of these most promising ones are brought to 
a premature grave or a broken-down constitution that 
makes life scarcely worth the living. Physical culture 
is what they need first, last and all the time. The diet 
should be wholesome, nutritious and void of all stimu¬ 
lants and condiments . If a strong physique can be devel¬ 
oped the mind will make itself felt later on. As the 
predominance of this temperament in an individual 
gives the natural tendency towards study, thought, 
imagination and sentiment; its deficiency produces 
exactly opposite characteristics, rendering the individual 
slow of action and dull of comprehension, low in ambi¬ 
tion, commonplace in sentiment, deficient in mentality 
and far better calculated for physical labor than any 
place where strong mental application is required. 


A WELL BALANCED TEHPERAMENT 



Or harmonious organization is for all requirements of 
life by far the best, but does not necessarily give true 

greatness or power, since 
the three elements, or tem¬ 
peraments, may be well bal¬ 
anced in relative strength 
but all weak, in this case we 
have all-round weakness;by 
the predominance of any 
one we have partial strength 
or special genius; by possess¬ 
ing all of the temperaments 
strong, we have all-round 
strength, genius and superi¬ 
ority. True greatness re- 
qires a strong development 
of'all of the temperaments; 
the strong Motive to give 
FrG. 9 ,-lord Russell. length and scrength to 

hone and muscle, erectness of carnage and power ot 
motion; the strong Vitnl to manufacture vitality, 







74 


ACTIVITY AND INTENSITY. 


supply nourishment and warmth; the strong Mental to 
give sensation, animation, feeling, intellect and senti¬ 
ment. All the temperaments must be strong to supply 
in a high degree to each element of the mind the three 
properties of strength, warmth and intensity. 

ACTIVITY AND INTENSITY. 

The natural activity and intensity cf people differ very 
materially, and is due to the combination of tempera- 


Strong. Moderate. 



Fig. io.—R ev. Geo. R. Wallace. Fig. ii.—Chas. H, Darling. 


ments, being greatest where the Mental and Motive com¬ 
bine with high Organic Quality. Its physical indications 
are length, slenderness and angularity of which the grey¬ 
hound and deer are good examples. The same law ap¬ 
plies to man, those having a long, slender, round form, 
long hands, feet, features and brain will be found to be 
active, agile, quick in every motion, with a mind corre¬ 
spondingly quick, intense, lively. Persons in whom 
Activity is very marked, move quick, work fast, get 
angry quick, and unless Continnuity is very strong are 
soon over it; their feelings are all intense; they think 



HUMAN NATURE) EXPLAINED. 


75 


quick, see the point at once, and decide in a moment 
upon the course to be pursued. Where Activity is low 
the movements are all slow; the natural rate of speed is 
like that of the ox team; the feelings respond only after 
long agitation; the mind seems dull because so slow of 
comprehension; if they are compelled to hurry the worry 
causes so many mistakes as to retard progress; they have 
to make haste slowly. The natural Activity of individ¬ 
uals and nations differs very materially, some, like the 
French, are quick, intense and spirited, others, like the 
Germans, are slow, plodding, comprehensive and con¬ 
stant 

EXCITABILITY AND EITOTIONALITY. 

The natural excitability, like that of Activity, differs 
In different persons, and is also the result of a combina¬ 
tion of temperaments, 
being greatest where the 
Mental and Vital combine 
with high Organic Qual¬ 
ity. It is indicated by 
sharpness with round¬ 
ness; sharp features; a 
full development of the 
Vital Temperament; fine, 
wavy or curly hair; a ner¬ 
vous, restless expression 
and a complexion that 
glows one moment and 
pales the next. Excita¬ 
bility gives spasmodic 
and feverish action to all 
the feelings, emotions 
and sentiments, brilliant flash to the intellect, and oiten 
enables the orator to be far more impressive and influen¬ 
tial than his thought would warrant. Persons in whom 
Excitability is very strongly marked are very susceptible 
to impressions; the whole nature can be set in vibration 
in a moment; every feeling and sentiment is composed 



BRAIN AND MIND. 


76 

of the two elements of warmth and activity—hence are 
liable to explosion at any moment; the cry of “Fire,” 
or the seeming appearance of danger, and the individual 
goes wild with excitement and often acts as irrational 
as an insane person, reason and cool judgment are for the 
time being dethroned, while panic and pandemonium 
reign; such persons are first to enthuse in politics, reform 
or religion; unfortunately they are usually first to fag out 
under heavy pressure, or backslide when the excitement 
is over. Where Excitability is deficient, the feelings 
lack responsiveness, the sentiments emotionality and 
the intellect brilliancy; persons so constituted are cool, 
calm, deliberate, self-possessed and calculating; if Activ¬ 
ity is also deficient will be very slow and painfully 
inactive, need a cyclone to wake them up; but if Activ¬ 
ity is good, they may be quick but cool, acting from 
judgment rather than impulse. 

PART III. 

BRAIN AND MIND. 

THE HEMBRANES AND SKULL. 

^plEFORE entering upon the study cf the brain 
jtw and nervous system, for the purpose of reading 
character, the student should have some knowledge of 
the coverings of the brain, since they very materially 
effect the development of the head. The brain is covered 
by a very delicate transparent membrane, pia mater, that 
follows the folds of the convolutions and serves as a 
conveyance for the blood vessels; over the pia mater is 
another very delicate membrane (tunica arachnoided)\ ex¬ 
ternally from this, adhering tenaciously to the inside of 
the skull is a tough, opaque membrane (dura mater), that 
lines the entire skull and secrets the bony material of 
the skull. Physiologists tell us, that if the entire skull 
were to be removed in such a way as to leave the dura 
water unimpaired, the latter would begin at once to form 
new bone and would continue the process until a new 
skull had been formed. The skull, like all other por- 


HUMAy NATURE EXPLAINED. 77 

tions of the anatomy, is constantly being made over and 
will change in size, form and development in proportion 
as changes take place in the convolutions of the brain. 
So perfect is the correspondence, between the inner sur¬ 
face of the skull and the brain, that even the outlines of 
the small convolutions, their shape and peculiarity of 
development are distinctly marked on the inner surface 


Fig. 13.—Cut of Skull. 

of the skull. The skull is composed of eight bones knit 
together by a sort of dove-tailing forming a complete 
casement for the brain, each bone is composed of an inner 
Fiid an outer plate; the outer plate is the heavier and 
does not always and in all parts perfectly correspond to 
the inner plate, but the correspondence is sufficient to 
enable the experienced student to determine with sur¬ 
prising accuracy, the relative size and development of 

* A, Frontal bone. B. Temporal bone. C, Zygoma. D, Mastoid process. F, Parie¬ 
tal bone. F, Occipital bone. G, Molar bone H, Superior maxillary bone. I, Nasal 
bone. K, Inferior maxillary bone. I,. Angle of the jaw. M, Condyles. N, Concoid 
process. 








78 THE NERVOUS SYSTEMS. 

the several convolutions of the brain. The greatest dif¬ 
ference between the form of the brain and the exterior 
of the skull, is found over the eyes where the two plates 
often separate a considerable distance, also back of the 
ears and at the nap of the neck, where the heavy mus¬ 
cles are articulated to the base of the skull; this differ¬ 
ence is especially marked in the Motive Temperament, 
but the skull is always thicker over the parts referred to. 
The average thickness of the skull is about one-eighth 
of an inch, but varies from one-sixteenth in extreme 
Mental Temperaments, where the mind is very active, 
to three-eighths in low organizations where the bony 
structure is very heavy. The .skull is also much thinner 
over those parts of the brain constantly exercised than 
over dormant parts; this is especially true in nature 
minds where there has been persistent activity in a given 
direction for many years. The integuments of the skull 
also differ materially in thickness; in some the skin and 
muscles over and about the head are very light, thin and 
compact, while in others they are heavy, thick and fleshy; 
so that measurements of heads, may differ considerably 
where the brains are the same size; so that where the 
measurements of two heads are the same owing to the 
difference in the thickness of the scalp and skull, there 
may be a vast difference in the amount of brain, 
as the scalp and skull combined vary in thickness 
from one-eighth of an inch to five-eighth of an 
inch in extreme cases. While it is not a difficult mat¬ 
ter for the experienced student to determine with prac¬ 
tical accuracy the thickness of the scalp and skull, it is 
a very easy matter for the amateur to make a great mis¬ 
take in his estimation of the amount of brain, or its de¬ 
velopment in a given direction. 

THE NERVOUS SYSTEHS. 

The brain and nervous system is the most wonderful 
structure ever examined by man. It is the most highly 
organized substance, the most complex matter, requir¬ 
ing but a single transformation to become a part of the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


79 

living ego; it is the connecting link between mind and 
matter—the chariot of the soul—the organ through 
which the immortal ego is connected with the material 
world, whereby every feeling, sentiment, desire and 
thought find expression in the physical and through 
which the physical world makes impressions upon the 
mental. It is not our purpose to give an elaborate or 
technical description of the brain and nerves, or present 
evidences in proof of the functions of their several parts, 
but rather to describe in simple language their general 
structure and such of their functions as will serve our 
purpose, referring the student who would go deeper to 
standard text-books of physiology. 

In each organization there are two distinct nervous 
systems, the cerebro-spinal nervous system and the 
sympathetic or gangalionic system. The first consists 
of the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, spinal 
cord, thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves and nine pairs of 
cranial nerves. This system presides over the func¬ 
tions of locomotion, sensation and mentality. The sec¬ 
ond consists of large nervous ganglia, lying on each side 
of the spinal column, in the upper part of the abdominal 
cavity and a chain of nerves extending upward on each 
side of the spinal column, giving off branches to all of 
the vital organs. This system presides over the functions 
of nutrition, secretion and vegetable life. While these 
systems are quite distinct from each other, they are con¬ 
nected by filaments, so that they act and react upon each 
other,^the functional activity of one materially effecting 
the conditions of the other. Nervous matter is arranged 
in two classes of organizations; one in which the nerve 
cells are arranged in rows, surrounded by a delicate mem¬ 
brane ( nuralema ) constituting what is usually referred 
to as a nerve or nerve fiber; in the other, the cells are 
arranged in clusters or bundles, constituting a nerve cen¬ 
ter or nervous ganglion. The. ganglion by combustion 
or explosion of its cells generates force—the vital fluid— 
while the nerve fibers conduct force and sensation from 


8 o 


THE BRAIN. 


and to the ganglia. The nerve fibers of the two great 
systems extend to every tissue of the entire body. 
Small nerve ganglia, or clusters of cells, are distributed 
all along the trunk lines of the nerve fibers, so that 
nerve force is generated throughout the entire body. 
The two nervous systems may uot inappropriately be 
compared to two city telegraph systems, the central office 
of one is the brain, the central office of the other is the 
large ganglia of the sympathetic system. These two 
centers are the batteries where the greater part of the 
electric fluids of life are generated; radiating from these 
two centers to every part of the system are nerve fibers, 
which correspond to the wires and are the conducting 
mediums through which sensation and volition pass to 
and from the central offices. 

THE BRAIN. 

The brain is by far the largest ganglion of the ner¬ 
vous system and fills the entire cavity of the skull. It 
is divided into three distinct parts, a large brain ( cere - 

brum), a little brain (cere¬ 
bellum), and the head of 
the spinal cord (medulla ob¬ 
longata ). The large brain 
(cerebrum )constitutes seven- 
eighths of the entire brain, 
and is what is usually un¬ 
derstood when referring to 
the brain; it is divided into 
two hemispheres by a deep 
fissure that extends down 

Fig. 14.—The Brain. about t WO- thirds of the 

depth of the brain. Each hemisphere is divided on the 
surface by fissures into four lobes, forming the frontal, 
temporal, middle and posterior lobes; each of these 
lobes have numerous subdivisions, so that the entire 
surface of the brain lies in folds or convolutions. While 
there is a general sameness in the number, arrangement 
and complexity of the convolutions; they differ in individ- 





HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 8l 

Hals according to the complexity and mentality of the na¬ 
ture. T he bulk of the brain is composed of white nerve fi¬ 
bers that pass from the head of the spinal cord (medulla ob¬ 
longata) to the convolutions on the surface. The surface of 


Fig. 15.—Hemispheres of the Brain. 

the brain is composed of nerve ganglia, or clusters of nerve 
centers, abundantly supplied with blood that gives it a 
gray or ash colored appearance and constitutes what is 


Fig. 16.—Vertical. Fig. 17.—Transverse. 

known as the gray matter of the brain. The gray 
matter covers the entire surface of th z.' cerebrum, follow¬ 
ing all the folds and convolutions in their tortuous 



82 


the brain. 


course; its depth, varies with individuals, ranging all 
the way from less than one-eighth to three-eighths of 
an inch. The disposition of the brain in folds or convo¬ 
lutions would seem to be for the purpose of giving the 
gray matter greater extent of surface. As we rise in 
the scale of intelligence in the lower animals and among 
races and individuals, the gray matter is found to in¬ 
crease in texture and quantity in proportion to the 
increased intelligence, so that to manifest mind is con¬ 
ceded to be the special function of the gray matter of 
the brain. 

THE CEREBELLUM 

Or little brain, is situated under the back portion of the 
cerebrum , it is quite different in structure, the surface be- 



FiG. 18 .—Vertical Section of the Brain. 


ing without convolutions and having the gray matter 
internally disposed between bands of white fibers; (see 4 
figure 18) like the cerebrum it is divided into hemispheres 
and these into lobes and is connected by bands of white 
fibers with the cerebrum and the head of the spinal chord. 
The functions of the cerebelhim are not fully understood, 
it is believed to supply the nervous energy for and have 





HUMAN NATURK EXPLAINED. 83 

the control of the nerves of motion; it is the battery of the 
motor system ; it also presides over the sex function and 
passions. 

THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA 

Or head of the spinal chord is situated in the base ofthe 
brain and forms the center of the cerebro-spinal nervous 
system, (see 1 figure 18) from this center the nerve fibers 
pass upward, forward and backward to all parts of the 
brain. Extending downward from the medulla oblongata 
is the spinal cord, which is composed of two anterior 
and two posterior columns. From the spinal cord there 
is given off thirty-one pairs of nerves, the two anterior 
columns giving off nerves of motion and the two poster¬ 
ior columns nerves of sensation; there are also nine 
pairs of cranial nerves that arise directly from the brain, 
and pass to the eyes, nose, ears, tongue, face and scalp. 
By this complete ramification of the nervous system, 
every part of the body is directly connected with the 
brain. 

THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM 

Has for its center two large semi-lunar ganglia, one 
lying on each side of the spinal column in the upper 
part of the abdominal cavity, from which a chain ex¬ 
tends upward on each side of the spinal column into the 
brain; this chain consists of a cord which swells into 
ganglia evere few inches; from these ganglia, nerves are 
given off and distributed to the heart, lungs, stomach, 
liver, kidneys and the muscular coats of the arteries; 
these radiating nerves control the action of the abdom¬ 
inal organs and preside over the involuntary functions 
of digestion, circulation, respiration, nutrition and vege¬ 
table life. The action of the sympathetic system is not 
under the control of the will, like the other nervous 
system, but performs its several nervous functions inde¬ 
pendent of any desire or effort on our part; there is, how¬ 
ever, a sufficient relation between the two systems, so 
that any unnatural excitement or abnormal condition of 
either, will sooner or later materially effect the other. 


84 the sympathetic system. 

Since the sympathetic system presides over the vital 
functions, it follows that upon its strength and func¬ 
tional activity depends the functional power of the vital 
organs and the consequent health and strength of the 
individual. Where the sympathetic system is very 
strong, all of the functions in the animal economy will 
be well performed, the organization will be well nour¬ 
ished and will be characterized by roundness, plump¬ 
ness, sanguine complexion and the general expression 
of health and vitality. If it greatly predominate, or is 
proportionately much stronger than the brain system, 
health and animal vigor will correspondingly predomin¬ 
ate over mentality, thought and sentiment. Where the 
sympathetic system is weak, the functional activity of 
the vital organs will be correspondingly weak, the 
organization will be but poorly nourished, and charac¬ 
terized by thinness, physical weakness and deficiency of 
animal vigor. If the brain and nervous system be very 
strong, it will usurp all nerve power in the support of 
an active mind, intense feelings and lively imagination 
and thereby rob the sympathetic system and constantly 
reduce the vital power to a minimum. The secret of 
perfect health, longevity and the power to work, lies in 
establishing and maintaining a perfectly balanced condi¬ 
tion, between these two great nervous systems. Exces¬ 
sive brain action upon the part of brain workers in¬ 
creases the cerebral system so that it usurps all vitality 
and makes them physical wrecks; the over-exertion of 
the physical nature among manual laborers, develops the 
sympathetic system, to where it robs the brain and 
leaves them deficient in mind power. A diversity of 
labor for all would establish a balanced condition; give 
vital power to the one and mind power to the other, 
through which would come health, wealth and happi¬ 
ness to the race. 

THE BRAIN A CONGERIES OF ORGANS. 

As previously observed, each of the vital organs and 
muscles has its nerve centers in the brain that preside 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 85 

over and take cognizance of its condition; in like man¬ 
ner, each of the five senses, and all of the instincts, pro¬ 
pensities, faculties and sentiments have their special 
nerves and nerve centers; the combination of these sev¬ 
eral centers and their conducting nerves constitute the 
brain; so that the brain is a congeries of organs, each of 
which presides over a special element of mind or vital 
function. That each faculty, feeling and function has 
its special nerve and nerve center in the brain, and that 
each brain center has its specific function to perform in 
the manifestation of mind, is. no longer a question in 
the mind of the well-informed. The nerve centers that 
think and remember are as distinct from the centers 
that love and feel as the optic nerve is distinct from the 
auditory. 

THE DUALITY OF ORGANS. 

Throughout the entire organization most all of the 
important functions are carried on by two organs, seem¬ 
ingly a wise provision of nature against the total de¬ 
struction of a function in case of injury to one of its 
organs. Thus the function of seeing is performed by 
two eyes; but in the case of the destruction of one, the 
other still performs the function; the same is true of all 
brain centers. All nerves centering in the brain are 
double. The two hemispheres of the brain, like the 
two eyes, perform identically the same function, each 
being a congeries of organs that are the duplicate of the 
other; in case of disease or injury to any part or organ 
in one hemisphere, the function of the injured organ is 
carried on by its mate in the other hemisphere. As 
persons with but one eye often have most excellent 
sight, so where one side of the brain has been injured or 
diseased, the mind may seem perfectly sound; this has 
led some to question the relation of mind to E r ain, but 
there is not a case in history where there was disease or 
injury in the same location on both sides of the brain, 
without derangement of the elements of mind mani¬ 
fested through that portion, and disturbance or paraly- 


86 SIZE A MEASURE OF POWER. 

sis of that portion of the physical organization over which 
the effected part presided. 

SIZE A MEASURE OF POWER. 

As is the inherent nature, mentality and constitu¬ 
tion, together with the physical and mental education, 
so will be the size, complexity and form of the brain . The 
law of size as a measure of power is universal wherever 
things of like quality, density and texture are compared; 
it is equally as applicable to nerve and brain as to tim¬ 
ber, so that where the temperament, quality and com¬ 
plexity of the brain are the same, the size becomes 
the measure of its power , and as is its power 
so will be the amount of mind manifested. As 
people differ by nature in the relative strength 
of the several elements of the mind, and as each 
element of the mind is manifested through a given 
nerve center called its organ, it follows that one portion 
of the brain may be large and another small, corre¬ 
sponding to the strength of the mental power, thereby 
giving endless variety to the forms of heads, correspond¬ 
ing to the endless variety of dispositions; as there are 
no two persons having all of the elements of mind in the 
same degrees of strength, so there are no two heads that 
are exactly alike. The size of the brain as a whole and 
the size of a given part, other things being equal, deter¬ 
mines the strength of the mentality as a whole and in 
any given part. In considering this question of size, it 
must be remembered that quality is as much a factor of 
strength as size, we must also bear in mind, that each 
of the three temperaments adds its special property of 
strength , warmth or activity to each element of the mind 
in proportion to its strength; also that the existing states 
of health, digestive, circulatory and respiratory powers, 
all exert an influence over the mind, modifying indefin¬ 
itely the law of size or quantity. Because of these 
modifying influences, men with very large brains are 
often dull and stupid, while some having brains below 
the average size, having fine Organic Quality, a strong 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 87 

combination of the temperaments and excellent health, 
are often brilliant, intellectual and even talented. 
Again, since different parts of the brain form the specific 
organs through which special elements are manifested, 
a brain that is only average in size, when considered as 
a whole, may be very large and strong in a given direc¬ 
tion and small and weak in another, giving special genius 
in a certain direction, but deficiency in others. This 
partial genius is common, few men are great in all 
directions; here, more than anywhere else, has the law 
of size been misunderstood, by those unacquainted with 
the relation of the several parts of the mind to specific 
centers in the brain. Men become noted in their spe¬ 
cialty, the world honors them for their genius, but 
knows nothing of their weak qualities, hence they ex¬ 
pect to find the brain massive, but on examination are 
surprised to find that in horizontal circumference, or in 
actual weight, it is but little above the average; closer 
examination would show, that those portions of the 
brain through which those elements of the mind were 
manifested that gave the man his special genius were 
developed in proportion to the genius manifest, while 
other portions of the brain were comparitively small, so 
that the entire mass, considered as a whole, was not 
large. This partial genius in moderate sized heads, 
instead of contradicting, most fully verifies, the claim 
that, other things being equal , size is a measure of power . 
History proves that all men who have been truly great 
in tireless energy, power of feeling, height of sentiment, 
breadth of intellect, depth of logic, originality of mind 
and grandeur of soul, have had not only a strong com¬ 
bination of temperaments, a fine Organic Quality, but a 
brain much above the average size. A single glance over 
an assemblage of clergymen, teachers, lawyers, physi¬ 
cians or legislators and another over an audience of 
manual laborers will give the most casual observer indis¬ 
putable evidence that brain development corresponds 
with mentality. The brain varies in weight all the 


88 


BRAIN DEVELOPMENTS. 


way from as low as 25 and 30 ounces—among the idiotic 
and simple-minded—to as high as 65 ounces; the aver¬ 
age weight is 50 ounces for men and 45 ounces for 
women; the average weight of man is 148 pounds, that 
of woman 122, so that the brain of woman is heavier in 
proportion to her weight than that of man. The weight 
of the brain should equal one-forty-seventh of the weight 
of the body. 

HOW BRAIN DEVELOPnENTS ARE ESTIMATED. 

Adult heads range in horizontal circumference all the 
way from 19 to 25 inches, 21 ^ inches being average for 
men and 21^ for women. The size of the brain should 
correspond with the size of the body. In the well-bal¬ 
anced organization, the chest measurement equals ]/ 2 the 
height, and horizontal circumference of the head eleven- 
seventeenths of the chest measurement. In the above con¬ 
sideration of the influence of size, the normal, healthy brain 
has alone been considered, where the brain is diseased 
or partially paralyzed, the law of size would have no 
application. I11 determining the size of the brain in a 




given direction, we estimate the distance from the head of 
the spinal chord ( medulla oblongata) to the surface. If 
an imaginary line be passed through from the opening 
of one ear to that of the other, another from between the 
eyes to the protuberance on the back of the head, where 
these two lines cross is the center of the medulla oblongata. 






HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 89 

from which all distances and developments are reckoned. 
Size in any given direction is determined by the length of 
nerve fiber or distance from this center. From this it 
must not be understood, as some have taught, that length 
of fiber gives the strength to the brain, but that the 
greater the distance from center the greater the circum¬ 
ference and therefore room for gray matter in a given 
direction. It should always be borne in mind that it is 
the amount of gray matter in a given organ, and in the brain 
as a whole, rather than the length of the white fiber,that gives 
dynamic power to an organ and the brain. Where the 
brain is harmoniously developed, so as to produce a per¬ 
fectly shaped head, the width (caliper measurement 



Fig. 21.—Outlines of Heads. 

above the eaps) is 27% per cent of the horizon¬ 
tal circumference, length 34 per cent; distance from open¬ 
ing of ear to center between the eyes 23L2 per cent; to 
center back head 20 per cent; center directly upward 
from the ears 25 ^ percent; tape measurement from open¬ 
ing of one ear over top head to that of the other, and 
from the lower line of the forehead to the protuberance 





90 


THE BRAIN. 


on the back of the skull 63)^ per cent; measurement from 
ear to ear over lower part of forehead 56 per cent; from 
ear to ear over upper front and over upper back head at 
an angle of 45 degrees is 60 per cent; from ear to ear 
over back head is 44 per cent. Accordingly as the sev¬ 
eral lobes of the brain vary in degrees of development 
will we have shape and variety to forms of heads. The 
preceding cuts convey a partial idea of some of the more 
marked differences in forms. 

These outlines of the heads of six of our distin¬ 
guished men, as taken by a Washington hatter, show a 
marked difference in the general form and relative size 
of the different parts of the head, at the line where the 
hat rests. These “proofs” from the conformator give 
us the exact shape of the head, and yet if we were to 
compare ten thousand of these “proofs,” we would find 
no two exactly alike. The most casual observer cannot 
help but observe the great difference in the relative 
development of the side head of Grant as compared with 
that of Coleridge, or the front head of Logan when com¬ 
pared with that of Senator Gorman. From the above 
it will be understood that size of a given part of the 
brain or an organ, is not to be estimated by the elevation 
or depression of the skull directly over the organ, as 
many erroneously suppose. While these elevations or 
depressions are always more or less apparent, they indi¬ 
cate rather the relative development of the convolu¬ 
tions, while the distance from the medulla oblongata 
indicates the absolute size in a given direction. The 
absolute strength of any element of the mind is to be 
estimated not alone by the size of its organ, but by the 
depth and texture of the gray matter, the combination 
of the temperaments, the natural activity and the exist¬ 
ing states of health. 

RELATION OF HIND TO BRAIN AND EXPRESSION. 

Each element of the mind has its special center or 
organ in the brain and localized pole in the face where 
it finds expression; as the brain is the organ of the mind, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


91 


so the face gives its outward expression. The brain is 
the machinery within, the face is the dial plate without, 
that tells of what is going on within. The brain is the 
workshop and the face is the register of the soul. The 
brain development indicates the strength of mind in a 
given direction, the facial expression indicates its activ¬ 
ity. Transient moods or manifestations of feelings, 
faculties or sentiments produce transient expressions in 
the face, but when often repeated, they leave lines in the 
face, so that when the features are at rest, it is easy to 
discern what powers have been most active; thus while 
the brain indicates the natural strength of any element 
of mind, the expression and lines of the face indicate the 
activity of any element of mind and the direction in which 
it has been exercised. Two persons having the element of 
energy in the same degree of strength, the brain mea¬ 
surement might be the same, but if one uses his energies 
in selfish brawling, quarrelling and physical exertion, 
the other in intellectual attainment or moral activity, 
the facial expression of the two would be substancially 
different. Again, a person may have two elements of 
the mind in equal degrees of strength, having like brain 
developments, but one of the elements being passive, 
the other active, the passive member may be entirely 
absent in the facial expression, while the active mem¬ 
ber is most pronounced. From this it will be seen that 
the seeming contradiction between brain development 
and facial expression is due to the fact that brain devel¬ 
opment represents the actual strength of an element, 
while the facial expression indicates its activity, so that 
brain development indicates natural strength of 
all the powers; facial expressions, their existing states 
of activity. By studying the brain without the face, we 
may know the natural strength , but are unable to deter¬ 
mine the activity of a power; by studying the face with¬ 
out the brain, we may know only the active powers and 
be utterly unable to determine the strength or possibil¬ 
ities of the passive ones; by studying the two together, 


THE LAW OF GROWTH. 


92 

we may know both strength and activity , disposition and' 
character. Throughout the succeeding pages, it shall 
be our purpose to study the two combined. 

THE LAW OF GROWTH. 

Throughout the entire organization the law of 
growth is one and the same. Activity and use develop 
and make strong, inertia and abuse weaken and destroy. 
So long as mind is linked with matter, and life is ex¬ 
pressed through physical organs, it is limited in its 
powers of expression by the strength of its organs. If 
the lungs are small the function of respiration is neces¬ 
sarily limited and correspondingly poorly performed, 
but by the constant expansion of the lungs they may be 
enlarged and the function of respiration greatly im¬ 
proved. The same law of growth applies to the brain 
with equal force. If the brain as a whole, or in any 
part, is small, the mind as a whole or in part, will be 
correspondingly weak; but by the persistent use of the 
mind as a whole, or of any part, the brain will become 
larger and the mind correspondingly stronger. Thus 
all functions of the body and elements of the mind may 
by persistent use be made much stronger or by their 
being allowed to remain dormant, will become abso¬ 
lutely weaker. By the exercise of elements that are 
weak and allowing those that are too strong to remain 
dormant, the whole cast of the mind and disposition 
may be completely changed; tame energies may become 
forcible and active; cold social feelings may be fanned 
into a flame of love; moderate selfish sentiments may be 
fired with ambition; the intellectual powers quickened 
with memory and perception; the reasoning faculties 
trained to think, and the moral sentiments may be so 
thrilled with the feeling of kindness and justice as to 
make them the ruling elements of the mind. The ele¬ 
ments of the mind are so susceptible to early training, 
that by proper and persistent effort, the disposition may 
be moulded after almost any pattern. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


93 


PRIMARY ELEMENTS ALL GOOD. 

All of the primary elements of mind—the propensi¬ 
ties, feelings and sentiments—have a normal and legiti¬ 
mate sphere of activity in a well-directed life. There 
are no “bad propensities” in a normal state of the mind. 
It is the abuse of a power that leads to wrong-doing; it 
is just as legitimate and proper to exercise energy, dis¬ 
cretion and frugality in honestly securing the necessi¬ 
ties and comforts of life as it is to do acts of charity or 
venerate God, each being but'the natural expression of 
God-given faculties intended to be used, but not abused. 
The moral and religious sentiments are as susceptible to 
abuse as the propensities; their abuse is not so often 
noticed, because it does not so materially effect others; 
the propensities, however, are more often abused be¬ 
cause there are a much greater number of people in 
whom they predominate, and all persons are prone to per¬ 
vert and abuse the powers that are strongest in their natures, 
whether propensity, faculty or sentiment. Asymmetri¬ 
cal character requires the harmonious exercise of all the 
elements of the mind. 

GROUPS OF ELEMENTS, HOW FORHED. 

Throughout the entire organization, organs and func¬ 
tions that are to work together are associated together and 
so located as to most easily and most effectually perform 
their functions; thus the heart and lungs that must work 
in perfect unison are associated together and placed near 
the upper part of the body in order that the brain, the 
dome of thought, that uses perhaps one-fifth of all the 
blood, shall be abundantly supplied. In like manner, 
elements of mind having similar and united functions to 
perform are associated together in the brain and so ar¬ 
ranged in their relation as to most easily and effectually 
perform their functions. If we study the anatomy and 
nature of animal life, we find that there is a perfect cor¬ 
respondence between brain development and instincts 
manifested; from the simple nervous gangalion, with the 
one power of sensation, up through all the increasing 


94 


GROUPS OF ELEMENTS. 


combinations of senses, instincts, propensities, facul¬ 
ties and sentiments to the complex mentality of man, 
there is a perfect correspondance between brain develop¬ 
ment and mental complexity. In the lowest order of 
animals having a brain, the brain consists of a single lobe, 
as it were, at the head of the spinal chord, and the life 
manifests but the five senses and the appetites and in¬ 
stincts of self preservation. As we rise in the scale of 
animals, these primary instincts are all retained; as new 
instincts are added to the nature, the brain becomes cor¬ 
respondingly complex, developing a lobe forward, in 
proportion to the powers of observation and memory, 
backward in proportion to the instincts of mating and 
desire of association, and upward in proportion to the 
powers of control. In those animals in which the middle 
lobe—which was the original first lobe of the brain—is 
very large, we find the nature decidedly carniverous and 
vicious; where the front lobe is well developed, as in the 
dog and chimpanzie, we have all the powers of observa¬ 
tion and memory strong. As the brain is developed 
upward, and in proportion to its height, we find rudi¬ 
ments of the higher elements of mind such as kindness, 
sympathy, approbation, or love of approval and the rudi¬ 
ments of reason and judgment. In proportion as animals 
have the back lobe developed, we find them manifesting 
the mating instincts, desire for association or friendship 
and attachment to place. Some of the lower animals 
manifest certain instincts very strong, others weak, giv¬ 
ing distinguishing peculiarities to the character of each; 
thus in the cat and dog, we see both the love of home or 
place and of friends, but if the family move the dog will 
give up his home and sever his attachment for it to go 
with the family, though he may often return to see the 
old place; the cat will whine and cry for the departed 
friends, but stick to the old place till starvation compels 
it to leave. In man’s nature we find all of the instincts, 
appetites and propensities that in their combination pro¬ 
duce the peculiarities of all of the lower animals, to- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. . 95 

gether with the additional powers of reason, imagina¬ 
tion, conscience, self-respect, reverence and sentiment, 
with corresponding brain developments. In the brain 
of man, we have the lobes common to the animal, 
through which man’s animal nature is manifested, with 
additional developments upward, forward and backward, 
through which the additional characteristics of man are 
manifested. In addition to the five senses of feeling, 
tasting, smelling, hearing and seeing, through which 
the conditions of the external world are conveyed to the 
mind, the psychic nature of man is divided into seven 
classes of elements, each of which is composed of ele¬ 
ments that naturally co-operate together and are similar 
in function. 

FIRST—THE SEVEN SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 

Of Vitativeness, Courage, Executiveness, Appetite, 
Bibacity and Secretiveness, that give love of life, 
energy and self-preservation and form the basis of the 
business and commercial world. 

SECOND—THE FIVE SOCIAL FEELINGS. 

Of Amativeness, Conjugality, Parental hove, 
Friendship and Inliabitiveness, that give love of the 
companion, children, friends and home, and form the 
basis of man’s family relations and society. 

THIRD—THE FIVE SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 

Of Caution, Approbation, Self Reliance, Firmness 
and Continuity, that give ambition, discretion, dignity, 
decision and stability to character, and form the basis 
of diplomacy, politics and government. 

FOURTH—SEVEN SEMI-INTELLECTU AL SENTIMENTS. 

Of Constructiveness, Ideality, Sublimity, Imita¬ 
tion, Mirthfulness, Agreeableness and Human Nature, 
that give imagination, love of the beautiful, the artistic 
and the mechanical, power of imitation,- agreeableness 
of manner, appreciation of the ludicrous and intuition 
of character, and form the basis of mechanism, poetry, 
art and self-perfection. 


9 6 


GROUPS OF ELEMENTS. 


FIFTH—THE TWELVE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 

Of Individuality, Form, Size, Weight, Color, Order, 
Calculation, Locality, Eventuality, Time, Tune and 
Language, that recognize the individuality, form, size, 
color, weight, ordor, number and relation of things, 
tones and duration of time, giving the ability to learn, 
memorize, and give expression to knowledge, thus 
forming the basis of learning, knowledge and expression. 

SIXTH—THE TWO REASONING FACULTIES. 

Of Causality and Comparison, that give the power to 
analyze, compare and classify facts gathered by the Per¬ 
ceptive Faculties, to theorize, think and evolve opinions 
from known facts, and from the basis of reason, logic, 
invention and philosophy. 

SEVENTH—THE FIVE MORAL SENTIMENTS. 

Of Conscience, Hope, Spirituality, Veneration and 
Kindness that give justice, integrity and moral convic¬ 
tion, sympathy and gentleness, faith in the unknown, 
expectancy of the future, reverence for God and things 
sacred, forming the basis of morality, the elements of 
Christianity, the Christ in humanity and the windows 
through which man looks into heaven and the soul com¬ 
munes with its God. 

While the above classification is based upon the nat¬ 
ural association of elements having similar functions to 
perform, it is by no means perfect, when considered 
from a purely technical standpoint. The order and 
arrangement of the intellectual and semi-intellectual 
faculties is rather one of convenience than technical 
classification. Some of these faculties co-operate so 
completely with all other elements of the mind and are 
so employed in every mental operation, that it would be 
difficult to say that they belonged to any distinct class, 
and since all elements of the mind co-operate in nearly 
every mental operation, the object of classification into 
groups is as much for convenience as for scientific dis¬ 
tinction. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


97 


LOCATION OF GROUPS. 

As previously observed, the several classes of elements 
are associated together in the brain and find expression 
through given parts of the face. The Selfish Propensi¬ 
ties are manifested through the middle or primary lobe 
of the brain and find expression through the middle of 
the face, or third division, see cut. The Social Feel¬ 



ings are manifested through the posterior lobe of the 
brain and find expression through the lower part of the 
face, or fourth division. The Selfish Sentiments are man¬ 
ifested through the upper back portion of the brain and 
find expression mainly in the upper lip, nose and angle 
of the jaw. The Semi-Intellectual Sentiments are mani¬ 
fested through the front and upper part of the side 
brain and find expression mostly about the eyes 
and forehead. The Perceptive Faculties are mani¬ 
fested through the lower and middle portion of the front 











GROUPS OF ELEMENTS. 


98 

lobe of the brain and find expression mainly in that por¬ 
tion of the forehead that covers them. The Reasoning 
Faculties are manifested through the upper part of the 
front lobe of the brain and find expression mainly in the 
forehead. The Moral Sentiments are manifested through 
the upper coronal or top portion of the brain and find 
expression mainly in the upper part of the face, and 
give a refining touch to every expression and line 
’ the face. 

It may further be observed, that each of the elements 
of the mind has its special pole in the face, where its 
activity is most vividly expressed; from this it must not 
be understood that the expression is limited to this par¬ 
ticular part, for as all elements combine in the produc¬ 
tion of mind, so all combine in the production of 
expressions; therefore, the activity of any mental ele¬ 
ment may give tone and shade to every expression, and 
its influence be seen in every feature and line of the face. 

GROUPS OF ELEMENTS. 

Considered In Their Relation to Mind, Character and Civilization. 

rCT|ACH of the several groups of organs, or classes of 
elements, has its peculiar sphere of activity in human 
life; as has been previously observed the Selfish Propen¬ 
sities have for their object the preservation of life; the 
Social Feelings inspire the social relations; the Selfish 
Sentiments give ambition and enterprise; the Semi-In¬ 
tellectuals have to do with mechanism and art; the Per¬ 
ceptive and Reasoning Faculties give the power to learn, 
know, think and reason; the Moral Sentiments give jus¬ 
tice, kindness and faith in God. The relative strength 
of these several groups will determine the character of 
the mind, the strongest group will rule , and be modified 
in its manifestations by the relative strength of the other 
groups. If the Selfish Propensities are very strong rela¬ 
tively, selfishness will be manifest in every act of the 
individual, whether it be in the social, political or relig¬ 
ious world; persons so constituted are naturally selfish; 
in the home, they are jealous if they do not get more 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


99 

tliau their share of love; in business they always want 
the lion’s share; in politics they are greedy of power; 
in the pew and in the pulpit they want the best place 
and the highest honors possible. The peculiar bent or 
direction, in which this selfishness will show itself most 
will depend upon the relative strength of the other 
groups, being strongest where it combines with strong 
groups; if the Social Feelings are weak and the ambi¬ 
tions strong, the individual will manifest but little sel¬ 
fishness or jealousy in a social way, but will be greedy 
of power and honor in the line of his ambitions; the 
same is true of all the other groups when they predom¬ 
inate, if the Moral Sentiments are relatively very strong, 
morality can be seen in every act, but will be especially 
marked in those directions in which there is a strong 
combination with other groups. From these ever-vary¬ 
ing combinations we have endless variety of character. 
What is true of individuals is true of nations, the pecu¬ 
liarities of a nation are determined by the predominance 
of certain groups and the relative strength of others. 
The predominance of the Selfish Sentiments and the 
Semi-Intellectual Sentiments, as a rule in the French, 
has enabled France to lead the world in fashion, dis¬ 
play and ideal fancy. The Selfish Sentiments com¬ 
bined with the Selfish Propensities in the English, has 
enabled England to lead in war and commerce. By the 
predominance of the Reasoning Faculties, Germany has 
led in the realm of thought. America, being a com¬ 
posite of all nations, gives expression to all the strong 
as well as all the weak national characteristics of all 
nations. What has just been observed, relative to the 
predominating group ruling in the character of the 
individual or nation, is also true of the predominating 
member in Liiy given group. The strongest propen¬ 
sity, feeling or sentiment will give directio 7 i and shade 
to the manifestation of the propensities, feelings or sen¬ 
timents. For instance, if the selfish group be strong, 
with the acquiring or hoarding propensity very strong, 


IOO 


UNFOLDMENT OF MIND. 


the peculiar bent of the selfishness will be in the direc¬ 
tion of getting and holding , while if Courage or Bxecu- 
tiveness are the very strong members, the bent will be 
characterized by energy , force , driving power and the 
tendency to overdo. The same thought may further be 
illustrated by the Moral Sentiments; where the Moral 
group is strong, with Conscience very strong, the 
peculiar bent of the morality will be in the direction of 
justice , while reverence and sympathy will be but sec¬ 
ondary in their influence over the character, while if 
Kindness is the predominating sentiment, the morality 
will be especially characterized by sympathy , tenderness , 
charity and forgiveness. In the study of character, the 
student, after having determined the organic quality, 
health and temperament, should ascertain the predom¬ 
inating group and the predominating element in the 
group, as this will be the controlling element in the 
mind and the key to the character. 

UNFOLDMENT OF niND. 

The Cycle of the Man and the Race. 

The human mind unfolds after a natural order. The 
first propensity in order in the child’s nature is Vitativeness 
or the love of life, then comes Appetite and the other pro¬ 
pensities which are quickly followed by the Social Feel¬ 
ings and the powers of observation and memory, while 
the Reasoning Faculties and Moral Sentiments do not 
appear until later in life. From the natural order of 
unfoldment, the child’s nature is governed largely by 
propensity, feeling and impulse, its intellect consists 
mainly of observation and memory; as the mind matures 
there is the inclination and ability to think, reason and 
formulate opinions, to express sympathy, moral convic¬ 
tions and sentiments; if the life completes its natural 
cycle, as it approaches old age it observes and feels less, 
thinks and believes more. The love of life and the pro¬ 
pensities that were first, strongest and the controlling 
elements of youth are the first to begin to die; the ardor 
of love pales into a kindly regard, ambition loses her 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


IOI 


tireless energy, while reverence, spirituality and kind¬ 
ness become the controlling powers. Second childhood 
is the decay of animality and the bloom of spirituality. 
Thus the normal and proper life buds in earth in the 
flesh, in the animal nature, passes through a rapid evo¬ 
lution and unfoldment to bloom in heaven, in the mani¬ 
festations of reverence, hope, spirituality, sympathy and 
love. Each of the several powers, during the process 
of unfoldment, as called into activity by its natural 
object exciting it, when once touched by the hand of 
nature they took up the strain and entered at once into 
the music of life, each adding its part and modifying in¬ 
fluence to swell the chorus of life and give it diversity 
of song. The human mind from its birth in the Garden 
of Eden, up through the ages to the present day, and on 
into the distant future to where all that is of earth fades 
away and spirituality reigns supreme, is but a larger 
cycle in which ages of time and millions of individuals 
figure in the unfoldment of mind, and the development 
of man’s nature from the physical and material to the 
etherial and spiritual. The human race from its birth 
has been constantly undergoing a change from the simple 
to the complex, from the homogeneous to the heterogen¬ 
eous, from selfishness to kindness, from superstition to 
reason, from vice to virtue, from animality to Christianity. 
By the evolution from below and the affinity of God from 
above— by necessity and desire —man is ever being lifted 
and drawn upward. In primitive savagery, the Selfish 
Propensities were the controlling elements; to secure the 
necessities of life and self preservation were the basis of 
action in individuals and tribes; martial law reigned 
supreme; the most powerful animal won the admiration 
of the greatest number and by the support of his con¬ 
stituents became the ruler of his. tribe; physical power, 
courage, ability to withstand pain and cruelty were the 
tests of greatness. The early history of man is a his¬ 
tory of war and bloodshed. As civil law is daily adjust¬ 
ing the differences among men in civil life, so hand-to- 


102 


UNFOLDMENT OF MIND. 


hand contests, u an eye for an eye and a tooth for a 
tooth,” were ever adjusting the differences among men, 
when the Selfish Propensities ruled; woman being in¬ 
ferior physically was reduced to a slave, and is yet 
among savage and semi-civilized tribes. Human slavery 
is a relic of primitive savagery that is rapidly being 
eliminated by the power of the religion of Jesus Christ; 
as the light of His gospel spreads around the world, the 
darkness of slavery must vanish. 

The social relations of the primitive man were based 
upon propensity and feeling, rather than intelligence and 
sentiment. The Social Feelings found little expression 
above the plane of the animal, the instincts to beget and 
protect the young were the principal incentivesto action 
and social associations. Woman’s complete subjection to 
the will and cruelty of man, duringtheage of propensity 
forms one of the darkest pages of history. In the prim¬ 
itive family the woman bore the burdens, the man the 
glories; she was slave, he was master; it was not until 
the higher sentiments were partially awakened, that the 
dawn of chivalry appeared to relieve her from cruel bond¬ 
age, and only under the liberating power of Christianity 
has the dream of equality been made possible. While 
the rawhide thongs and iron shackles have long since 
fallen, the darkness of those ages yet casts a shadow 
across our civilization, giving shade to the judgment and 
prejudice to the reason of civilized man. As the dawn 
of chivalry converted the iron ear-rings, with which 
woman was lashed to the whipping post, into orna¬ 
mented bands of gold, set with diamonds, so the dawn 
of a higher intelligence, warmed by a Saviour’s love, will 
finally liberate the mind of man and elevate the stand¬ 
ard of woman to the plane of equality and place the 
diamond of purity in every life; then man and woman 
shall move side by side, up the steeps of civilization, 
harmoniously keeping step to the music of heaven. The 
necessities of life and their provision, the protection 
from the cold of winter and the heat of summer, devel- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. IO3 

oped in man the powers of observation, memory and 
mechanical skill. In the march of civilization the wants 
of one generation become the necessities of the next. As 
the mind was expanded through observation and mem¬ 
ory, gradually reason and judgment were quickened 
into activity; by reflection, there came the discovery and 
the application of first principles, and soon the gray 
dawn of civilization appeared on the horizon of human 
intelligence. The grace and beauty of natural forms, 
the tints and shades of the setting sun, the poetry of 
the mountain side and the chatter of her babbling 
brooks struck a responsive chord in the human soul and 
the mind revibrated in the construction of classic 
imagry, the rhyme of poetry and the melody of song, 
thus the Semi-Intellectual Faculties were quickened and 
the study of the fine arts begun. By the admiration 
and study of the beautiful in God’s handiwork, grad¬ 
ually a higher and higher conception of the possibilities, 
capabilities and perfections in human life was formed; 
ambition mounted upward and the Selfish Sentiments 
became a ladder on which to mount “from the weary earth 
to the vaulted skies.” The law of justice as thundered 
from the mountain side, was found to be written on every 
tablet of stone, on the bosom of old ocean, in the blue 
dome of heaven, in the petal of the rose, as well as in the 
nature of man; that throughout the realm of nature every 
cause had its effect; that every broken law had its inevi- 
table penalty; that justice reigned throughout the uni¬ 
verse and man was subject to its unalterable laws; thus 
Conscience was quickened by the hand of justice, and the 
reign of moral law began. The rumble of the earthquake, 
the star-spangled arched dome of heaven, the roar of 
the cataract, the moaning of the winds, the darkness of 
the threatening storm, the roll of thunder and the flashes 
from the Storm King of heaven made their impress upon 
the infant mind, the untrained sentiments, and the sen¬ 
sitive caution giving birth to superstition, mythology 
and creative imagry. In due course of time, sentiments 


104 UNFOLDMENT OF MIND. 

that had been fed on creative fancy were quickened by 
that higher attribute of the Divine nature, love , and the 
soul revibrated to the music of heaven. Christianity, 
headed by an ideal pattern—the perfected man, the God 
on earth and man as he is to be—began the march from 
paganism to Christism, from superstition to knowledge, 
from war and bloodshed to arbitration and peace, from 
the force of arms to the force of reason, from the power 
of will to the power of kindness, from the law of justice 
to the law of love; thus, the Moral Sentiments, the 
crowning elements of man’s nature, found expression in 
the lives of men and figured in the character of nations. 
Throughout the cycle of the race, as in the cycle of the 
individual, each element of mind has been quickned, or 
called into activity by its natural object in its environ¬ 
ments. As each new instinct, propensity, faculty or sen¬ 
timent, entered into the child’s life and served to modify 
its character, so each new power called forth and devel¬ 
oped in the race, has added its influence, modifying and 
giving shade and tone to the character of the race; by 
these modifying influences and gradual unfoldment, the 
character of the race has constantly changed, giving the 
varied march to civilization in its tortuous course onward 
and upward forever. 





PART IV, 


Names and Location of Organs. 



Fig. 23.—Names, Numbers and Locations of Organs. 
























DEFINITION OF THE ORGANS 


1. Vitativeness —Love of life, dread of death; longevity. 

2. Courage—Combativeness; boldness; defiance; resistance. 

3. Executiveness—Destructiveness; energy; push; severity. 

4. Appetite—Alimentiveness; relish for food; hunger. 

5. Bibacity —Thiist; relish for liquids; love of water; bathing. 

6. Acquisitiveness—D esire to accumulate; save, hoard; frugal. 

7. Secretiveness —Reserve; discretion; policy; self-control. 

8. Amativeness—L ove between the sexes; passion. 

9. Conjugality —The mating instinct; union for life. 

10. Parental Love— Attachment to offspring, pets, animals, 
ir. Friendship —Adhesiveness; love of friends and society. 

12. InhabiTiveness—L oveofhome and country; patriotism. 

13. Caution —Carefulness; prudence; apprehension. 

14. Approhation —Ambition; pride; sensitiveness. 

15. Self Reliance — Self-Esteem; self-respect; dignity. 

16. Firmness —Stability; decision; tenacity of will. 

17. Continuity —Constancy; application; stick-to-it-tiveness. 

18. Constructiveness —Power to construct; mechanical in¬ 

genuity. 

19. Ideality —Taste; fancy; refinement; love of the beautiful. 

20. Sublimity —Love of grandeur; expansiveness. 

21. Imitation —Power to copy, pattern after; mimicry. 

22. Mirthfulness —Wit; humor; fun-loving; drollery. 

23. Agreeableness —Suavity; urbanity; pleasantness of man¬ 

ner. 

24. Human Nature —Intuitive perception of character. 

25. Individuality —Perception of the separateness of things. 

26. Form—P erception and memory of forms, faces, shapes, etc. 

27. Size—P erception of magnitude, size, measurements, etc. 

28. Weight —Perception of the law of gravity; balancing power. 

29. Color—P erception of colors, hues, tints. 

30. Order —System; love of method, arrangement. 

31. Calculation —Perception of numbers and their relations. 

32. Locality —Perception and memory of places. 

33. Eventuality —Memory of events; power of recollection. 

34. Time —Cognizance of duration of time; memory of dates. 

35. Tune —Sense of harmony; tones; love of music. 

36. Language —Power of expression; memory of words. 

37. Causality —Conception of causes; originality; reason. 

38. Comparison —Power to compare, analyze, criticise. 

39. Conscience —Integrity, love of right; sense of j ustice. 

40. Hope —Buoyancy, expectancy; confidence in the future. 

41. Spirituality —Faith; credulity; spiritual intuition. 

42. Veneration —Reverance for Deity, relics, things sacred. 

43. Kindness—Benevolence; sympathy; tenderness; charity. 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


IO 7 


THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES (7.) 
^pPONSISTlNGofVitativeness(i), Courage (2), Execu- 
W tiveness (3), Appetite (4), Bibacity (5), Acquisitive¬ 
ness (6) and Secretiveness (7), are manifested through 
the middle lobe of the brain and find expression in the 
middle portion of the face. Their strength is indicated 
by width of head between and around the ears, width 
and prominence of the cheek bones, nose and jaw. The 


Strong. 



Pig. 24.—Chas. F. Warwick. 


Moderate. 



Fig. 25.—W. P. Butcher. 


Selfish Propensities, as the name implies, are those in¬ 
stincts and forces in man’s nature that provide sustenance 
and preserve life. Self preservation is the first law of 
nature, to look out for No. 1 is a pre-requisite of life. 
Placed in a world of the survival of the fittest, surrounded 
by constructive and destructive forces, in the midst of 
ever-changing environments, in the presence of ever- 
changing seasons and conditions, man would indeed be 
a pitiable creature were he not endowed with a set of 
propensities that enable him to subject forces to his will, 
to overcome obstacles, to subdue the earth and utilize 



108 THE SEEFISH PROPENSITIES. 

the products thereof in the sustenance of life. These 
propensities give man the love of life, making any exist¬ 
ence better than non-existence; the relish for food and 
drink, making the partaking of nourishment an absolute 
pleasure; the mine and thine feeling, so that hoarding 
and accumulating property, securing and protecting it 
from others, becomes an incentive to action; they also 
give that force, courage, energy, discression and reserve 
essential to the preservation of life, the provision of its 
necessities, the protection of its rights and its mainten¬ 
ances and perpetuity against all opposing forces and 
amidst its ever changing environments. Their function 
and activity are as important as life itself; their normal 
action is as legitimate and right as veneration to God. 
In man’s present state of development and social condi¬ 
tion, they are very apt to become perverted; their pre¬ 
dominance and perverted state produce intemperance, 
animality, hatred, cruelty, sordidness, deception, malice, 
revenge, avarice, selfishness . Their predominance in 
the individual, even in their normal activity, produce a 
character in which selfishness, appetite, greed and energy 
rule, modified by the relative strength of the moral 
powers, the sense of approbation and the perfecting sen¬ 
timents. Their predominance give that peculiar quality 
of selfishness that so unfortunately characterizes man’s 
every sphere of activity; they taint love with jealousy, 
action with discression, ambition with self interest, con¬ 
science with bias, religion with creedism, benevolence 
with policy, judgment with prejudice and observation 
with a standpoint that centers in self. Their deficiency 
renders the individual lacking in self-interest, self-pro¬ 
tection, love of life and its necessities; deficient in 
energy, courage, appetite, the hoarding instinct, mental 
reservation and self-love; making them the subjects 
of others, the prey of the selfish and the victim of the 
confidence man, or the wily designer. Their deficiency 
renders the affections too candid and trusting; the ener¬ 
gies too tame to be effectual; the ambitions lacking 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


IO 9 


force to sustain them; the conscience wanting in cour¬ 
age of conviction; the religion tame in expression; the 
benevolence too sensitive and sympathetic; the intellect 
too liberal to discern minor differences, and the mind 
too generous for the practical, every-day affairs of life. 
Man could better do without any other group of ele¬ 
ments, for without these the preservation of life, even 
in its lowest forms, is impossible. A knowledge of 
them and their effect upon character, their use and 
abuse, lies at the foundation of all reform, because all 
reforms have for their ultimatum the subjecting of these 
propensities to the control of the Moral Sentiments. 
We will next consider each of the Selfish Propensities 
separately and show their relation to life, mind and 
character. 


VITATIVENESS (No. 1—Fig. 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through that portion 
of the middle lobe of the brain lying directly back of 
the ears; the size of its organ is estimated by the width 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 26.—Stephen P. Morton. Fig. 27.—Hamilton W. Mabie. 


of the head at this point. The strength of Vitativeness 
may also be estimated by the distance from the crown 
to the point of the chin, the length and prominence of 
the lower jaw and the length of the life line. 





no 


COURAGE. 


Vitativeness gives love and tenacity of life purely 
for the sake of living; a dread of death as annihilation; 
it is the primary propensity common to man and ani¬ 
mal; its activity gives that first law of life—self-presen 
vation. It differs in degrees of strength in animals and 
men, those animals having narrow heads are easily 
killed, while those having broad heads cling to life 
most tenaciously, die hard and will fight as long as life 
lasts; the same thing is true of men, some give up at 
the approach of disease and become reconciled to death 
and offer little or no mental resistance, such have this 
propensity weak; others resist disease with an iron will, 
fight to the death everything that threatens life, and 
by this mental resistance often recover from disease or 
injury that would have proven fatal in one endowed 
with less Vitativeness. The love of life, like each of 
the other primary elements of the mind, exerts a speci¬ 
fic influence over every other element, entering into 
their every combination and by its relative strength 
modifies the character as a whole. It gives incentive 
to action, thereby quickening energy and courage; it 
incites Appetite for its sustenance, Acquisitiveness for 
its provision and Caution for its protection; it combines 
with the Social Feelings, that it may enjoy their im¬ 
pulses; with ambition as it mounts upward, giving 
greater altitudes to life; with the Semi-Intellectual 
Sentiments as they perfect and beautify the life; with 
the intellect, as it gathers the truths with which the 
life unfolds; with the Moral Sentiments as they feel the 
thrill of the higher life, and most of all with Venera¬ 
tion and Hope where it combines to give the dream of 
eternal life associated with God. 

COURAGE—(No. 2—Fig 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through the back por¬ 
tion of the middle lobe of the brain. The size of its 
organ is estimated by the width of the head about an 
inch and a halfback from the top of the ears. Its facial 
development and expression is found in the width and 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


III. 


prominence of the cheek bones and prominence of the 
nose. Its strong manifestation gives a calm, cool, de¬ 
liberate, fearless expression to the face. Courage is thajt 


Strong. Moderate. 



Fig. 28. —; J. B. Stanley. Fig. 29.— Horace Chilton. 

propensity that gives energy, force, enterprise, bravery, 
fearlessness, mental momentum; it is one of the primary 
powers of action; it gives the inclination to work hands 
or head; to meet and overcome opposition; surmount dif¬ 
ficulties; to resist encroachment; to defend personal 
rights, opinions, principles, home and convictions; to 
protect and defend life, self-interest, loved ones, home, 
country; to bravely meet resistance of opposing forces, 
cruel fate, discouraging circumstances and the trials of 
life; to fearlessly resent an insult, face an enemy, pro¬ 
tect rights and privileges; to contend for principles, 
beliefs, doctrines, parties, isms or whatever is deemed 
right and proper. It gives the mental force and inclin¬ 
ation to move, act, do, work, overcome, oppose, argue, 
defend, fight. Courage gives protection to life, power 
to action, strength to executiveness, resistance to cau¬ 
tion, pluck to application, energy to ambition, brav¬ 
ery to conviction, defiance to the will, independence to 
the thought, argumentativeness to reason, fearlessness 
to expression, valor to sentiment and force to the char- 


112 


COURAGK. 


acter. Courage is as much a factor and essential an 
element in the carrying forward of a moral principle or 
issue, in the defense of truth and right, as in meeting 
aiid overcoming physical opposition or the protection of 
our physical being. The direction in which courage, 
force or energy will manifest itself in a given character 
depends largely upon the nature or relative strength of 
the other powers; where the Moral Sentiments and 
intellect are weak and the other propensities strong, it 
is apt to find expression in physical force and often 
leads to quarreling, brawling and pugilism. If the 
Moral Sentiments and intellect are strong, it will find 
expression in the projection of truth, the defense of 
rights and principles, or the promulgation of liberty and 
equality; if the Reasoning Faculties are especially 
strong, it will find expression in argument; if the Social 
Feelings, it may find its greatest expression in the pro¬ 
tection of loved ones. Thus Courage combines with 
every element in the nature, manifesting itself most 
when combined with strong elements and showing its 
greatest deficiency when acting with the weaker ones. 
In one it gives energy, in another the tendency to de¬ 
fend property, in another loved ones, in another reputa¬ 
tion, in another opinions, in another principles and 
justice, according to the peculiarities of the individual. 

In the early history of man, Courage found expression 
mainly in physical force, defense and self-protection; it 
still serves this purpose, but with the rise of intelli¬ 
gence and morals, its sphere of activity is enlarged so 
that it finds expression in the promulgation, projection 
and defense of opinions, principles and convictions. 
Courage is as much a part and as essential an element 
in the reformer and philanthropist, as in the soldier or 
pugilist. The mental energy that this propensity and 
its twin brother, Executiveness, supply, is the power 
that moves the world; they are to the mind of the indi¬ 
vidual and to the character of a nation, what steam is 
cO the engine, the driving, propelling power. Its pre- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


IT 3 

dominance in a nature, or a nation, gives energy, force, 
bravery, defiance and enterprise; its deficiency gives a 
reverse tendency, tameness, inactivity, ease-loving, 
cowardice, want of enterprise, lack of force. In its per¬ 
verted state, it gives temper, anger, contention, fault¬ 
finding, irritability, contrariness, fighting, brawling, 
boasting, domineering and an over-bearing tendency. 

EXECUTIVENESS—(No. 3—Fig. 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through the middle 
lobe of the brain; the size of its organ is indicated by the 
width and fullness of the head directly above and around 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 30.—Daniel A. Goodsell, D. D. Fig. 31.— Miss Mable Cressey. 


the top of the ears. It finds expression with Courage in the 
middle section of the face, the width and angularity of 
the cheek bones, the prominence and sharpness of the 
nose. Courage is indicated mainly by dimension or de¬ 
velopment of this part of the face, Executiveness by the 
angularity and sharp?iess. Executiveness is also indica¬ 
ted, by the projection of the middle part of the face and 
upper jaw over the lower. It gives a quick step and a 
sharp, harsh, irritated tone to the voice. Executiveness, 
as the name implies, is emphatically the propensity of 
execution; it is the active principle in energy, enterprise, 
motive power, the projector of force; the mainspring of 



EXECUTIVENESS. 


114 

activity, intensity andaggressivness; it gives the inclina¬ 
tion to do, to move, to carry forward, to master, to cut 
through, break down, tear up, kill, destroy, exterminate 
and annihilate whatever impedes progress. It is to the 
mind what the edge is to the tool; it gives quickness to 
action, execution to courage, fire to temper, snap to en- 
ergy, vim to ambition, destructiveness to will, sever¬ 
ity to justice, harshness to sentiment, intensity to 
thought and aggressiveness to character. It is the active 
element in the preservation of life, in the destruction of 
whatever must need be destroyed for its sustenance or 
perpetuity. It is the active principle in the doing of 
hard work, the clearing of forests, tunneling the moun¬ 
tains, breaking up the soil,*' destroying wild animals, 
slaughtering for food, subduing the earth, building homes, 
pushing business, in doing and carrying forward any and 
all of man’s activities. The direction in which this 
propensity will manifest itself will depend upon the 
strength of the other powers; with low Organic Quality 
and weak Moral Sentiments, it may find expression in 
cruelty, severity, a delight in torturing, killing and de¬ 
stroying; combined with strong Acquisitiveness and a 
practical intellect, it gives aggressivness in business; with 
strong Moral Sentiments and intellect, it gives execution 
iu justice and keeness to intellect; so that its manifesta¬ 
tions will be determined by the elements with which it 
combines; in one it gives impulsiveness, in another aggres¬ 
siveness, in another severity, in another harshness, in 
another quickness or activity, in another keenness, but in 
all some form of executive energy. Among the lower 
animals all those having broad heads, are destructive and 
carnivorous, while those having narrow heads are timid 
and herbivorous; the same thing is true of men and 
races, those having broad heads, like the North Ameri¬ 
can Indian, are more carnivorous and cruel than those 
having narrow heads. In primitive man this propen¬ 
sity found its principal expression in war and blood¬ 
shed; as the light of civilization cast her golden beams 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 115 

of glory through the darkness of man’s nature and 
warmed the sentiment of Kindness, Executiveness found 
a higher sphere of expression than that of cruelty, mur¬ 
der, the needless slaughter of life, the destruction of the 
weak, the outrage of war, the vindication of cruel 
wrath, the dagger of revenge, the contest of the gladia¬ 
tors and the extermination of the unfortunate; it now 
finds expression in the force and energy of the business 
world, in giving aggressiveness and activity to every 
element of life. In the march of civilization, it has 
been a most important factor, since every change that 
has been made by man on the face of the earth, every 
tree that he has fallen, every rock that he has blasted, 
every sod he has turned, every home constructed, every 
garment formed, every step taken in the preservatiou of 
life, in the provision of its necessities, in the acquire¬ 
ments of its comforts, in the development of mechanics, 
art and science, from the primitive Eden to the present 
hour, marks the action of Executiveness. Its normal 
sphere of activity is as broad as the universe; it is as 
essential in the battles of life as in the battles of war, 
in the execution of plans as in the execution of crim¬ 
inals, in the destruction of weeds, as in the destruction 
of animals, in the carrying, forward of business and the 
provision of the necessities of life, as in the 
protection of life, in the expression of a moral 
sentiment as in the defense of one’s rights against 
the selfishness of others. Its predominance in a nature 
or nation produces aggressiveness, energy, activity, 
vim, snap and a tendency to destroy, remove or exter¬ 
minate whatever gets in the way; its deficiency pro¬ 
duces a reverse tendency; persons so constituted are 
inactive, tame, void of energy, constitutionally tired; 
their feelings are lacking in impulse, ambition in snap, 
intellect in application, and even the Moral Sentiments 
lack the execution to make them effectual. When Exe¬ 
cutiveness is perverted, or acting without the guidance 
of the Moral Sentiments, it gives the tendency toward 


n6 


APPETITE. 


cruelty, anger, malice, torment, rage, murder, slaughter, 
crime. It is strong or very strong in 75 per cent of the 
murderers and criminals of America and 85 per cent of 
those of Europe. This tendency towards crime and 
cruelty must not, however, be considered the normal 
function of Executiveness, as the fathers have taught, 
but rather its abuse or abnormal action. In its normal 
sphere of activity, Executiveness is as good as Kindness 
or Veneration. 


APPETITE—(No. 4 —Fig. 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through the front part of 
the middle lobe of the brain; the size of its organ is esti¬ 
mated by the width and fullness of the head directly in 
front of where the upper and front part of the ear joins 


Strong. 



Weak. 



Fig. 32.—J. Hornstein. Fig. 33.— Mary E. Eease. 

the face. It finds expression in the middle of the cheek 
and when well developed gives a fullness and plumpness 
externally from the molar teeth. When very strong or 
perverted, it gives a gross, animal look to the face and 
often produces a crouching attitude and gormandizing 
expression while eating; the more there is of the pig in 
the man, the nearer will he get down in the plate while 
eating and the more noise will he make about it. Appetite 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 117 

is the propensity that gives relish for food, the desire to 
eat and the instinct of hunger; it is the sentiment that 
informs us that nourishment is needed; it is the instinct 
that determines the quality, the variety and quantity of 
food required; it is the steward that orders what the 
system demands; in its unperverted state, it is almost a 
sure guide and is usually better than regime or 
rule; it varies in its demands both in strength 
and character. Some have by nature a very strong ap¬ 
petite, and are prone to indulge it, others have but little 
relish for food and eat more from necessity than pleasure; 
the former, seem to live for the pleasure of eating, the 
latter eat for the pleasure of living. Those having coarse 
grained organizations and strong propensities prefer 
coarse substantial and animal food, those having refined 
natures relish complex dishes and delicacies, so that the 
character of the food relished, both in quality and quan¬ 
tity, depends not only upon the strength of Appetite, but 
upon the peculiarities of the nature. The influence ot 
Appetite upon the character is most marked; in many 
individuals instead of being a servant it rules the house; 
such are always providing something to eat, wondering 
what, they are going to have good for dinner, and talking 
about what they relish; where Friendship is strong, they 
enjoy entertaining friends at the table; with strong Ac¬ 
quisitiveness, enjoy a business where they deal in provi¬ 
sions and eatables; with strong domestic feelings, enjoy 
providing plenty to eat and will insist on everybody eat¬ 
ing; with strong Kindness, enjoy supplying the table of 
the needy with something palatable, and if they have 
anything extra good they always want their friends and 
neighbors to taste of it. Those in whom Appetite is 
deficient, give too little thought to eating; are often ir¬ 
regular at meal hours; postpone dinner for business, study 
or the gratification of any of the other powers; they are 
poor providers, poor cooks, and have little appreciation 
for variety and can’t understand why some people are 
always wanting something to eat; they are apt to forget 


n8 


APPETITE. 


that the stranger at their gates may be hungry and often 
fail to offer refreshments even to friends. 

Whatever lives must partake of nourishment; Appe¬ 
tite presides over this function, since the health, strength 
and power of the body and mind depend primarily upon 
nourishment, it is of paramount importance that Appe¬ 
tite be carefully directed, studied and understood in the 
individual. Appetite is a guide in the selection of qual¬ 
ity and quantity of food only when unperverted; when 
perverted it is a most seductive power for evil; many 
persons constantly overeat (See Chapter on Food and 
Digestion), others constantly partake of things entirely 
unfit for food. Children are allowed to use con¬ 
diments, spices and hot sauces until the organi¬ 
zation is filled with inflammation, the appetite per¬ 
verted, and a life of gluttony or intemperance, a 
broken down constitution, or a life of vice and shame 
follows as the inevitable sequence. As an incentive to 
action Appetite is perhaps the strongest and has figured 
most conspiciously in the history of nations. The great 
pleasure derived from eating is the primary cause of 
intemperance. The history of gluttony in primitive and 
seini-civilized man, such as partaking of 500 kinds of 
flesh at a single meal, would be most novel and interest¬ 
ing were it not so common in our own day. Food is 
selected and prepared for the palate rather than for the 
function of nourishment, whereas the reverse should be 
the case. Modern cookery is based upon taste, not nourish¬ 
ment; gluttony, intemperance and the multitudinous 
ailments of ingestion, liver, kidney and heart disease, 
scrofula, fatty degeneration of the brain etc., etc., are 
the inevitable sequences of eating to gratify the palate 
instead of for the purpose of nourishment. The careful 
direction of Appetite in children, that it may not be¬ 
come perverted, is a subject with which parents can not 
be too well acquainted, our plan, however, will not 
admit of even a brief discussion of the subject here, we 
must refer the reader to our special lectures to parents 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


11 9 


on “Family Government,” in which full directions are 
given for the cultivation, government and direction of 
all the propensities, feelings, faculties and sentiments.* 
BIBACITY—(No. 5-Fig. 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through the extreme 
front part of the middle lobe of the brain, directly in 
front of Appetite; the size of its organ is estimated by 
the width of the head half between the upper half of 
the ear and the extreme outer angle of the eye. It 
finds expression in the cheeks, directly backward from 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 34.—Hon. W. Bourke Cochran. Fig. 35.—Sen. Lucian Baker. 

the corner of the mouth, giving a peculiar fullness and 
plumpness at the corners of the mouth. The intemper¬ 
ate use of stimulating drinks gives a peculiar expression 
of fullness, inflammation and grossness to the lips, too 
familiar to need further description. Bibacity is the 
propensity that presides over the use of liquids; it gives 
the relish for fluids; it is the instinct of thirst; it takes 
cognizance of and gives the relish for quantity, quality, 
variety and flavor of drinks. It is closely allied to 
Appetite, and yet quite distinct from it in function; they 
combine in presiding over the great function of alimen- 


* “Our Little Folks, or Two Hundred Points on Family Government,” sent to 
any address for 25 cents. Address, N. N. Riddell, Raymond, Nebraska. 



120 


BIBACITY. 


tation. Bibacity gives also an appreciation for and a 
tendency to use water in other ways, a fondness for 
bathing, swimming, sailing or living near the water. It 
is most susceptible to perversion or intemperance. In 
the normal activity of this propensity, it may be de¬ 
pended upon as a correct guide in the use of water, yet 
from its deficiency many persons do not use water 
enough, and the blood becomes thick, the secretions 
and excretions sluggish, and the whole constitution 
suffers terribly from the want of water. (See Chapter 
on Pure Water.) The very common abuse of this pro¬ 
pensity of drinking too freely while eating, is one, if 
not the greatest cause, of indigestion and the multitude 
of diseases that it entails. It is the abnormal and per¬ 
verted state of Bibacity that produces the great curse of 
intemperance. Stimulants and narcotics pervert this 
appetite and inflame its organ, until the abnormal thirst 
for liquor becomes an actual disease— a disease discern- 
able not only on the inner lining of the stomach, in the 
base of the brain, but upon the mind and character of 
the man. This propensity is often perverted in chil¬ 
dren by thoughtless parents allowing them to use strong 
tea and coffee, mild wines, etc., thereby creating an 
appetite for strong drinks. That body-diseasing, mind- 
polluting, society-corrupting, heart-breaking, soul- 
damning liquor traffic, that is sweeping across our conti¬ 
nent like a river of death, dragging tens of thousands of 
the world’s fairest productions into its dark current, and 
bearing them on to an eternity of hell, draws its sus¬ 
taining current, its unending supply, from the intem¬ 
perance practiced in Christian homes and the appetites 
generated by the use of strong tea and coffee, condi¬ 
ments, cigarettes and tobacco. While there is no ques¬ 
tion but what this propensity is often inherited in an 
abnormal degree, giving an unnatural appetite for 
strong drinks, this unfortunate inheritance can not be 
held responsible for the great prevalency of intemper¬ 
ance among young men. Since most boys resemble the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 121 

Mother and girls the Father , if inherent tendencies were 
the principal cause of intemperance, there would be 
more girls than boys inclined to strong drink. While 
the liquor traffic draws much of its support from the 
inherent tendencies and the intemperance in the home, 
it has many other ways of propagating intemperance 
and perpetuating its grip upon society; among these 
one of the strongest, yet most overlooked by temper¬ 
ance reformers, is the subtle, all-pervading, poisonous 
fumes of tobacco and liquor, that are constantly being 
inhaled and absorbed into the system. Observation has 
proven and demonstrated the awful fact, beyond the 
possibility of contradiction, that the constant association 
with the fumes of tobacco or liquor even where there is no 
mental persuasion or inducement , will generate an appetite 
for these narcotics sufficiencly strong to make the demand for 
their use almost imperative; in this way, by the frequent 
saloons along every street to pollute the air and the 
omnipresent tobacco fumes, the youth of our land are 
having instilled into their natures the subtle, deadly 
poisons that generate an appetite for narcotics; the 
appetite so generated produces a longing and hankering 
for stimulants, which leads the boys to their first indul¬ 
gence and starts them in a career of intemperance, that 
is to defile their manhood, pollute their affections, 
destroy their ambitions, paralyze their intellects, darken 
their sentiments and ruin all that is manly in man. 
The traffic is perpetuated largely by that perverted pro¬ 
pensity, the love of money. The backbone of the liquor 
traffic is built of gold coin interlaid with government bonds , 
protected by a periosteum of high license. The money 
there is in the business seduces every power of the 
mind; it inflames the appetites, pollutes the affections, 
destroys the energies, diverts the ambitions, silences 
the conscience, warps the judgment and perverts public 
sentiment. The greatest enemy to any reform is a per¬ 
verted public sentiment, held in its perverted state by the 
love of money. Three things, at least, are necessary for 


122 


ACQUISITIVENESS. 


the overthrow of the liquor traffic and the establishment 
of temperance and sobriety. First, temperance in the 
home in precept and practice, that Bibacity and Appe¬ 
tite may not become perverted; second, to take the 
money out of the liquor business, so as to remove its 
seductive power; third, let men and women, especially 
women, demand that same temperateness and sobriety 
in the every-day life of men, that is demanded of 
women. When young women will say, and stand 
firmly by their word, that, “The lips that touch liquor 
shall never touch mine,” then , and not until then , will 
lips be proffered that have never touched liquor. So long 
as gentlemen (?) can spend the fore part of the evening 
in the drawing room as acceptable company of refined 
ladies and the latter hours in the wine room or saloon, 
blue with tobacco smoke, and there indulge in the flow¬ 
ing bowl, so long will intemperance reign. So long as 
men and women who daily breathe, “Thy kingdom 
come,” will use their influence and vote for the eleva¬ 
tion and election to office and seats of honor, men whose 
private lives are the embodiment of intemperance, and 
whose public example must necessarily set a low stand¬ 
ard for young men to pattern after, so long will their 
prayers be in vain and intemperance increase. 

ACQUISITIVENESS—(No. 6—Fig. 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through the upper 
front portion of the middle lobe of the brain, directly 
above Appetite; the size of its organ is estimated by the 
width of the head an inch upward and an inch forward 
from the top of the ear. It finds expression in the nose, 
and is indicated by the width and prominence of the 
nose above the wings. Acquisitiveness is the propen¬ 
sity that gives the acquiring, hoarding, saving, accumu¬ 
lating, mine-and-thine instinct; the desire to possess, to 
get and hold; to lay up for future need, use or glory; the 
tendency to earn, trade, speculate, and amass property, 
or whatever may be deemed valuable, useful or desira¬ 
ble. It is emphatically the self-provident instinct. Its 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


123 


primary impulse and natural manifestation, when unin¬ 
fluenced by intelligence or moral sentiment, is to get 
and keep anything and everything that will gratify any 
other element of the mind. It combines in its manifesta¬ 
tions with every other element of the mind, but always 
with the one object in view of getting and hoarding. It 
combines with the Social Feelings, to accumulate such 
things as will supply the needs of, or give pleasure to the 
family; with the Selfish Sentiments, to accumulate wealth, 

Strong. Weak. 



position, power, reputation; with the Semi-Intellectual 
Sentiments, to accumulate things of an artistic and 
mechanical nature; with the Intellectual Faculties, to 
accumulate knowledge; with the Moral Sentiments, to 
acquire relics of antiquity; and may even combine with 
Kindness, so that the person desires to accumulate that 
they may give, donate, help others, found schools or 
confer some public benefit. In its primary sphere of 
activity, it is limited rather to the accumulation of those 
things that administer to our personal wants, wishes, 
pleasure and pride. Owing to a difference in combina¬ 
tion, it has two distinct modes of manifestation, exam¬ 
ples of each may be seen among all classes of men; in 



124 


ACQUISITIVENESS. 


one, there is simply the saving, hoarding tendency, 
such as is seen in many of the lower animals; in the 
other, there is the speculative, accumulative turn; in 
the former, Caution and Vitativeness are usually strong, 
while Kindness, Self Reliance and Approbation are mod¬ 
erate; while in the latter, Caution is usually moderate 
and Approbation and Self Reliance are strong; the 
former, are economical, saving, always gathering and 
taking care of scraps and little things that nothing may 
be wasted, and are often penurious and close; the latter 
give little attention to the dime, and may even seem to 
be extravagant, and yet they are always reaching for 
the dollar, making up by speculation what they waste 
by extravagance. The true office of this propensity is 
to endow man with the instinct to provide for future 
want, to accumulate what will protect and gratify the 
other elements of his nature, to lay aside from the earn¬ 
ings of youth, for sickness and old age, and to provide 
for the rearing and education of his children. 

In the primitive man, this propensity incited him 
in common with many of the lower animals, to lay up 
in summer a sufficient store for winter; to provide in 
the season of plenty for the season of want and famine; 
among savage tribes this is about the limit of Acquisi¬ 
tiveness. With the dawn of civilization and the conse¬ 
quent increase of man’s wants and necessities, the 
tendency to accumulate what would gratify his desires 
increased, until it became the master passion, a distinc¬ 
tive feature of civilization. Its normal activity, in pro¬ 
viding for future want, and in securing the comforts of 
life, is as legitimate, right and proper as to venerate 
God; the abuse of this propensity is its gratification to 
the extent to where the activities of other elements of 
the mind are restricted, so that the social, intellectual 
and moral powers are dwarfed and denied their normal 
expressions, subjecting all powers to the hoarding in¬ 
stinct. The sacrificing of everything to gratify Aquisi- 
tiveness is greatly obstructing the intellectual, artistic 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 1 25 

and moral growth of man; the man who denies himself 
every pleasure and self-improvement in order to hoard 
up property, is not a progressive man , but is living in 
the animal propensities; what is true of the individual 
is true of nations. In the line of progression, every¬ 
thing has value in proportion as it supplies man’s neces¬ 
sities, gratifies his higher nature, prevents misery and 
promotes happiness; in other words, happiness is the 
measure of all values . The uses of property are to 
administer to man’s wants; the abuses of property rights 
are the accumulating and holding by the individual 
what he can not use. . From the abnormal activity of 
this propensity, the question with the masses is not a 
question of, how they can provide the necessities and 
comforts of life, secure the education and protection of 
the family, or grow in intelligence, character and the 
Christian graces, but, “How can I get rich?” This ab¬ 
normal thirst after gold is said to be the bane of civil¬ 
ization, the enemy of society, the opponent of honesty, 
the instigator of crime, the seducer of public virtue, the 
corrupter of politics, the perverter of morality and 
Christianity. If all this is true, why ? There must be 
an underlying cause, to find this cause we must go back 
to primitive man, here we find that brute force and phys¬ 
ical strength, were the standards of society; the tribe 
honored and conferred favors upon its strongest animal. 
Women worshiped the hero of the contest. Primitive 
society placed a bounty on brutality, and thereby inspired 
man with the ambition to be the greatest gladiator. 

A remnant of this, may be seen in human nature 
today, as we observe thousands of intelligent men and 
women flock admiringly around the modern pugilist, or 
as we see refined(?) ladies anxious to court favor with 
the loafers in blue, wdiose ambition is not above $13 a 
month, a coat of blue with brass buttons, and living 
from the supply house of Uncle Sam. From this prim¬ 
itive brute aristocracy, there came by inheritance the 
aristocracy of the family, all favor and honor were con- 


126 


ACQUISITIVENESS. 


ferred by the tribe upon noble birth—ambition lay in 
the direction of royalty. Remnants of this aristocracy 
are discernible and highly influential; not only in 
Europe, but in our own America, what honor we pay, and 
what favor we show visiting royalty, and how many of 
America’s fairest daughters have, and are yearly throw¬ 
ing themselves away by marrying a cypher with an 
assumed title, through a false ambition to be associated 
with one of noble(?) birth! From the aristocracy of 
nobility, came the aristocracy of wealth, in which we 
flourish(?). The masses of the people seeing what royalty 
could enjoy, the great pleasure made possible by their 
possessions, put themselves to work to accumulate 
wealth; money became the standard; on capital was con¬ 
ferred the bounty of social standing, honor, power and 
influence. Ambition now turned once more in the line 
of public sentiment, and the accumulation of gold 
became her ideal; in the gold aristocracy public senti¬ 
ment declares, that wealth, rather than intelligence or 
character, gives power, elevation and influence; that 
ignorance and vice are far less degrading than poverty; 
that wealth will buy position and influence, even though 
accompanied by intemperance and vice, which intelli¬ 
gence and morality can not secure; nor can intelli¬ 
gence, virtue and morality remove the stain, or obscure 
the disgrace of poverty. This public sentiment then, 
is responsible for the ambition to accumulate property 
even at the sacrifice of everything else. The gloated 
millionaire is but the realization of the hope and desire 
of the masses, he is what they would be if they could , he is 
the ideal of public sentiment, and so long as this public 
sentiment maintains and places the bounty of power, influ¬ 
ence and public honor on big fortunes and casts all glory 
at the feet of him who accumulates it, so long men will 
bend all energy and intelligence to the accumulation of 
fortunes even though it be at the sacrifice of every other 
comfort and the extortion of their brother's birthright; 
thus the rich become richer and the poor poorer and the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. I2J 

corrupting power of money becomes greater and greater. 
The solution of the great social question of the rights 
of property, lies in having another change in public 
sentiment. As has been observed, the ambition of the 
masses of men mounts towards whatever gives power , 
position and influence. This aristocracy of wealth, 
through which we are passing, forms one of the great 
epochs in the evolution of man in his upward march 
from primitive brutality to the Christ man and His 
perfection. To rob wealth of its corrupting influence 
and reduce property to the par value of its uses , we have 
but to change public sentiment, make a new standard 
for society and hang a more elevated, brilliant star in 
the heavens to attract the ambitions of men, and gold, 
like brute force , will be valued for its uses rather than its 
power. So long as the height of a man’s ambition, his 
power and influence are determined by the length of his 
pocket-book, so long will gold be the ambition of man, 
and poverty his fear and constant dread. To make 
intelligence the standard of power and influence, would 
develop a nation of thinkers\ if character and morality 
were the standard, these would become the predominat¬ 
ing traits of a nation. By uplifting a standard of virtue, 
intelligence and morality, through a gradual evolution 
of public sentiment, giving to the Moral Sentiments the 
supremacy of power, honor and control and subjecting 
to them all propensities, will alone lift us from the aris¬ 
tocracy of wealth to the aristocracy of character and 
solve the great social and financial questions. This 
may seem like a slow process, but this is social evolu¬ 
tion; the gray morning dawn of an aristocracy of intelli¬ 
gence and character will yet light up the eastern 
horizon, and the eye and ambition of man be turned to 
welcome, admire and adore the coming of the King in 
His glory. Acquisitiveness, especially where it pre¬ 
dominates, calls every other power into use to graify 
itself; it combines with Appetite to accumulate provis¬ 
ions and lay up stores for future use; with Secretiveuess 


128 ACQUISITIVENESS. 

and Caution in using policy and discretion in specula¬ 
tion; and where Conscience is weak, it does not hesitate 
to get whatever will gratify its desires, whether honestly 
acquired or not. The almost universal practice of 
deception in all lines of business, the adulteration and 
dilution, the misrepresentation, tricks and traffic in 
trade are all the result of the combination of these two 
propensities, guided by intelligence. The abuse of 
Acquisitiveness leads to theft, false financiering and 
often to crime; the direction it will take depending upon 
what the other elements of the mind demand. A child 
or a tramp will often steal something to eat, when they 
would not think of stealing anything of value. A man 
may from the sense of pride be rigidly honest in little 
things, but will not resist the temptation to take a 
fortune. Through the love of the family, many a man 
is driven to do what he otherwise would not and Acquis¬ 
itiveness is abused to secure the wants of the loved 
ones; we have even known students, who were honest 
in questions of money, that would steal books to gratify 
their desires for knowledge. Where Acquisitiveness is 
deficient, the mine-and-thine instinct wanting, it leaves 
one unable to compete with his shrewder neighbors and 
makes his earnings the easy prey of the selfish; what¬ 
ever he earns seems to go easy, or quite as fast as it 
comes; finding himself in need, he is ready to blame the 
luck, law or government; to cry “unfair;” threaten the 
lives of his more fortunate brothers, get jealous of their 
power, destroy their property and otherwise blame 
everything and everybody for what is the natural result 
of his deficient Acquisitiveness. The primary cause of 
why “some men must ever slave and toil while others 
share the wine and oil” is not to be found so much in 
unjust laws as in inborn ability, opportunity and applica¬ 
tion. In evidence of this, let the observer attend a 
bankers’ association where the control of the money 
market is being manipulated, and observe the width of 
the heads an inch upward and an inch forward from the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


129 


top of the ear, then go to a public plaza where a howling 
mob is shouting about “hard times’ ’ and threatening 
the millionaires’ lives, and observe the narrowness of 
the heads in the same place, and he will have found the 
primary cause of the difference in the condition of these 
two classes. 


SECRETIVENESS—(No. 7—Fig. 23.) 

This propensity is manifested through the upper, 
central portion of the middle lobe of the brain; the size 
of its organ is estimated by the width and fullness of the 
side head, an inch and a quarter above the top of the back 

Strong. Weak. 



portion of the ears. It lies above Executiveness and 
directly back of Acquisitiveness; it is indicated by the 
width of the nose where the wings join the face. Its 
activity gives the expression of concealment to every 
line of the face; a closing of the eyes as if to keep some¬ 
one from looking within; closed and often compressed 
lips, as though afraid a word might slip out; a foxy side 
glance from the eye, with the head a little dropped as 
though endeavoring to look out from under the eyebrows 
as from a hiding place; a soft, cat-like tread; a low insin¬ 
uating tone to the voice; a tendency to wear the clothing 
buttoned up tightly and to keep the hands closed. 



130 


SECRETIVENESS. 


Where Secretiveness is wanting, the reverse expression 
is maintained, the countenance is open and frank; the 
lips parted; the eyes expanded; the hands open; hat 
usually worn on the back of the head and the clothing 
loose; giving a transparent, unreserved, unguarded 
expression. Secretiveness is that propensity that 
gives mental reservation; power of and tendency 
toward concealment; the instinct to hide, cover up and 
control the emotions, feelings and expressions; the ability 
and inclination to keep mum, to evade directness, 
conceal plans, avoid detection, withhold emotions, to 
repress expression and to conceal whatever it is wise 
and best to be hidden or kept secret; to reserve or hide 
whatever should be hidden for the gratification of any 
other power. It is the instinct in man’s nature that 
enables and inclines him to use policy and discre¬ 
tion in the manifestation of all the other elements of 
the mind. It is one of the primary elements in self pres¬ 
ervation. Secretiveness is very strongly manifested in 
many of the carniverous animals, enabling them to creep 
stealthily upon their prey or to hide in wait for its ap¬ 
pearance; it is not so manifest in the herbivorous 
animals, since their food does not flee at their coming 
and their mode of self protection is more often by flight 
than by hiding. 

In primitive man, and among savage tribes, it finds 
much of the same expression as in the animal, giving 
slyness and stealthiness of approach, the tendency to 
avoid open warfare, but rather to slyly creep on the 
enemy, or await in ambush for the opportune moment. 
In the animal, in the savage and civilized man, Secret¬ 
iveness has its normal, proper and legitimate sphere of 
activity; it is necessary in securing the necessities of 
life; in the protection of self from the selfishness of 
others; in the withholding from others what should be 
withheld for their good or ours; in the restraining and 
concealing every act, feeling, emotion, sentiment, facial 
expression or word, that should be restrained—“A fool 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 131 

uttereth all his mind, but a wise man keepeth it in till 
afterwards.” While its primary office is concealment, it 
enters into and gives tone and shade to every other ele¬ 
ment of the mind and to every act of life. It gives 
discretion to courage, secrecy and mystery to love, pol¬ 
icy to friendship and business, slyness to design and 
ambition, cunningness to mirth, reserve to sentiment, 
sagacity to intellect, subterfuge to speech, and the 
power of concealment to every feeling, emotion and senti¬ 
ment. The direction in which Secretiveness will 
manifest itself in the individual is determined by the 
relative strength of the several elements; where love is 
strong and Acquisitiveness weak, the individual may be 
very reserved about their love affairs, butvery indiscreet 
about business and and vice versa; where Approbation 
and intellect combine with Secretiveness, the indivdual 
will show great discretion in evading questions on 
which he is not posted, or in any way exposing his 
ignorance, and if Friendship be moderate may be as 
candid in his expressions to the stranger as to the 
friend; thus Secretiveness may combine in one person 
to give policy in business, in another reserve in expres¬ 
sion, in another slyness in design, in another clannishness 
with friends, in another trickery in trade, etc. Its 
manifestations are discernible in every relation of indi¬ 
vidual and national life; in the business and commercial 
world, it gives policy and discretion, and not infre¬ 
quently aids selfish Acquisitiveness to gratify its greedy 
desires by secretly adulterating and diluting, putting 
cotton into wool or silk, peas into coffee, sand into 
sugar, soapstone into flour, alloy into metals, plugs into 
iron, shams and humbuggery into every salable article 
and evasiveness and persuasiveness into the language of 
the salesman, that he may palm off the adulterated 
article onto a credulous people. It enters into combines, 
trusts and associations for the secret maintenance of 
prices and the manipulation of the money market. Its 
abuses may be seen in every branch of trade, from the 


SECRETIVENESS. 


132 

placing of the largest berries on top in a five-cent box, 
to the American Sugar Trust, or the deceiving the 
people of a nation by the secret manipulation and false 
representation of its actual conditions, so that its silver 
may be demonetized and the purchasing power of the 
millionaire’s gold doubled. It may be seen in society 
and the social world, in its normal manifestation giving 
family clannishness, confiding in friends but withholding 
from strangers; in keeping in reserve for self or friends 
what should not be exposed; in secretly directing chil¬ 
dren or loved ones into paths of right. In combination 
with intellect and Friendship it organizes secret soci¬ 
eties, keeps sacred pledges, secret rituals, and enables 
the mind to hold whatever is entrusted to its care. Its 
abuses may be seen in the home where the parents daily 
deceive the children, and by so doing teach the child its 
first lessons in deception, and thereby corrupt its mind 
perhaps forever; also in society, where it enables one to 
seem pleased when annoyed; kind and tender when 
actuated by the most selfish motives; loving or gentle 
when a demon lurks in the heart; polite and courteous 
when hatred maintains; persuasive and wily in language 
when deceit is in every breath; beauty and poetry 
of manner and appearance, when jargon and ugli¬ 
ness pervades the whole nature; honor and integrity 
without, when deceit and hypocrisy are within. It may 
be seen in the moral and intellectual world in giving 
reserve to sentiment, judiciousness to expression and 
qualifying language so as to admit of protection. Its 
abuse may be seen in the clannishness of creeds; in the 
covering up and thereby retaining evils that if exposed 
would vanish in the light; in the evasiveness of lan¬ 
guage, thought and expression, that leaves an uncer¬ 
tainty about everything; thus the real office of 
Secretiveness, in individual and national life, is to 
render secret service in the protection and control of 
other powers. Its predominance, or abnormal mani¬ 
festation, makes the individual so secretive as to be 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED, I33 

deceitful; everything is done in a sly, stealthy manner; 
every direct, straightforward CQurse is avoided; every 
feeling and emotion is controlled; with strong Firmness 
the most perfect self-control is maintained, giving the 
ability to look sanctimonious and feel like a demon; to 
look friend or foe calmly in the eye, assume the manner 
and attitude of candor and honor, in the very act of pre¬ 
varication; to smile yet murder while he smiles; it fills the 
entire mind with slyness, and endows every act with a 
foxy, cat-like manner. Its deficiency renders individuals 
unguarded, unreserved, unprotected, too candid, too 
direct, too outspoken, too susceptible to the influence of 
others; the easy prey to the wily designer; void of sus¬ 
picion and mental reservation; too apt to express what 
they feel or think; if angry they show it; if in love they 
manifest it; friend and foe will both know their relation; 
they lack policy in business; are too apt to reveal their 
plans, tell costs, and expose relations and confide in 
strangers; they are too expressive in their sentiments; 
language is so direct as to allow of no self-protection or 
modification; are prone to get into a corner; are always 
exposing and revealing what they should not, thus 
getting themselves, or others into trouble by acting or 
talking indiscreetly. 

THE SOCIAL FEELINGS, 

^pONSISTING of Amativeness (8), Conjugality (9), Pa- 
rental Love (10), Friendship (11), and Inhabitive- 
ness (12), are manifested through the posterior or back lobe 
of the brain, and find expression mainly in the lower part 
of the face. (See Fig. 22.) Their strength is indicated 
by the size of the back head, the length of the fiber 
backward and the development of the lower division of 
the face, the roundness and plumpness of the chin and 
lips. Their present condition is indicated by the ex¬ 
pression of the eyes and lips; any unusual activity or 
excitement of the affections may readily be discerned by 
the sparkle of the eye and the color of the lips. Unnat¬ 
ural excitement of the affections destroys the natural 


i 34 


THE SOCIAL FEELINGS. 


clearness of the eyes and gives a vulgar, impure expres¬ 
sion about the mouth, so that while Secretiveness may 
hush Language to silence, yet the mouth speaketh and 
the lips tell stories that their possessors would not. 

The Social Feelings are those affections, those nat¬ 
ural affinities, that form the attachments between indi¬ 
viduals; they are the basis of family ties, social relations 
and fraternal institutions. These feelings give the 


Weak. 


Strong. 



affinity between the sexes, that subtle magnetic power, 
instinctive in all life, that has for its ultimate object 
and end, the reproduction of the species, the perpetua¬ 
tion of the race; the mating instinct, that inclines the 
human race, together with many of the lower animals, 
to select by natural affinity, a mate, a companion, and 
establish a home where the young may be brought 
forth, protected and reared; the instinctive love of the 
little and the innocent, that makes parental duty and 
care a pleasure; the love of friends and associates, mak¬ 
ing communication and association of different families 
pleasurable and desirable; the love of home, place and 
native land, so that the permanent abode and its 
improvement, upbuilding and beautifying becomes the 
ambition of life. 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


£35 

In the story of creation, infinite wisdom implanted 
the Tree of Life in all nature, commanding it to be fruit¬ 
ful, to multiply and replenish the earth, that everything 
that lives might bring forth young, each after its kind. 
From this Tree of Life, as implanted in man’s nature, 
there constantly arises a sweet, fascinating perfume, a 
magnetic charm called love, by which the sexes are 
drawn together and the race perpetuated. From the 
Tree of Life, the human family increased by promiscuous 
association until there came the selection of the com¬ 
panion; the new branch of Conjugal Love grew above 
the original instinct of reproduction, and entwined its 
delicate tendrils about two hearts, so that they beat as 
one, sweet sympathy flowed between them, and two 
lives were lost in a union, two souls were joined for 
life, seeking mutual pleasure and the protection and 
care of their progeny. From the tender love they bore 
for each other, each could not help loving what was a 
part of the other, and another branch of the Tree of Life, 
Parental Love, bloomed in their lives, so that the pro¬ 
tection and care of the little ones became their greatest 
pleasure. The mingling of families and tribes caused 
the budding and growth of still another branch, called 
Friendship, and from the perfume of its bloom all man¬ 
kind have the fragrance of fraternal love. From 
wandering tribes came villages and cities, these estab¬ 
lished abodes, gradually developed an attachment for 
home, place and native land, Inhabitiveness took root, 
and the Tree of Life became fixed to a permanent spot, 
where sustenance could best be drawn for the perpetu¬ 
ity, growth and more perfect bloom of its many 
branches. Thus the Tree of Life has grown from a single 
shoot, with the power and desire to multiply, until now 
it is composed of the five branches, amative, conjugal, 
parental, fraternal and inhabitive affection, around 
which clusters all the sacred social ties, and from which 
ever emanates the sweet perfume of love. The affec¬ 
tions are truly the path through which the joys and 


THE SOCIAL, KEELINGS. 


136 

tears of the world flow; take from civilized man the 
pleasures derived from them, in the association with the 
companion, in the family circle around the fireside, in 
the commingling of friends in the daily routine, and 
life is scarcely worth the living. When we consider 
the constant pleasure, the sweet communion of soul 
with soul, the fond memory, the life-long enchantment 
of bliss their normal and proper activity gives to man, 
and the broken heart, the blasted hopes, the feverish 
brain, the ruined life and the accursed existence their 
abuse brings, we see the paramount need of a 
better understanding of the normal function and the 
natural sphere of activity of these delicate ties. On the 
strength and stability of the affections depends the per¬ 
fection of the family and the home, on the character 
and perfection of the home depends the strength and 
stability of a nation. The power of a nation, its chances 
in the great battle of the survival of the fittest, is deter¬ 
mined by the character of her homes. Make the home 
life of the people right and the nation’s future is secure; 
destroy the family circle and you destroy the affinities 
that bind the nation together, her great social institu¬ 
tions will crumble into fragments, her church and state 
alike be lost in the chaos of her social discord. Upon 
these affections rest not only the family ties, their pleas¬ 
ures and joys, but society and all of the great fraternal 
institutions so closely related to, and forming such an 
important part of man’s every activity in civilized life. 

A proper knowledge of these feelings is a prerequi¬ 
site to an intelligent dealing with the great social evils 
of infidelity, divorce, libertinism and its companion, 
prostitution, all of which are the outgrowth of the abuse 
of one or more of these feelings, and will be duly con¬ 
sidered under their respective heads. Their predomin¬ 
ance as a whole in an individual or a nation renders 
them warm hearted, affectionate, friendly, companion¬ 
able, hospitable and patriotic; their deficiency produces 
an opposite character. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


137 


AMATIVENESS—(No. 8—Fig. 23.) 

This feeling is supposed to be manifested through 
the cerebellum or little brain; the size of its organ is 
estimated by the fullness of the lower back head and 
the prominence of the skull below and on each side, of 
the bony protuberance on the back of the skull. It 
finds expression in the lower portion of the face, chin 
and lips; its natural strength being indicated by their 
development, and its present condition or activity by 
their expression; plump, rosy lips indicate active affec¬ 
tion, warmth and ardor; smooth, pale, glassy lips, a 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 42.—Anthony Comstock. Fig. 43.—Dr. T. V. Gifferd. 

cold, frozen nature; a coarse, vulgar 
expression about the lips indicates ani¬ 
mality and the perverted action of 
Amativeness; while fine, pure lips indi¬ 
cate platonic love and purity of affec¬ 
tion. The eye is also very expressive 
of the love states, where the underlid 
seems inclined to creep up over the 
love predominates, giving a tendency 
towards promiscuity or free love; where the eye 
is round and oval, there is more of the spiritual 
and less of the physical. The voice of Amative- 



FiG. 44. 

is heavy and 
eye, physical 


AMATIVENESS. 


138 

ness is low, sweet, tender and persuasive, the 
manner gentle, polite and extremely kind even in its most 
animal manifestations. Amativeness is that affinity that 
exists between the sexes because of their sexuality; it 
has for its object the continuance of the race; it is an 
appetite, an instinct common to man and animal; it is 
one of the strongest and most influential feelings in 
man’s nature; its activity is what gives that magnetic 
charm between the sexes. Its influence upon mind and 
character is perhaps greater than any other feeling. It 
has inspired the commission of the most noble, self-sac¬ 
rificing deeds and actuated the vilest crimes, written the 
brightest pages, painted the grandest pictures and in¬ 
spired the most sentimental poetry the world has ever 
known. It gives impulse to courage, inspiratien to 
ambition, rhythm to poetry, fervency to veneration, 
irdor to thought and animation to life. 

Love animates our every thought, 

It quickens every soul; 

It governs every mental power, 

And sanctifies the whole. 

It creates in each sex an admiration and love of the 
other; rendering woman more winning persuasive and 
lovely, and man more gallant, tender and affectionate 
in manner, and both more attractive and susceptible to 
the charms of each other. Amativeness has a peculiar 
influence over all the other elements of the mind; in its 
strong manifestation it draws everything in line with 
itself; it will fan force into a rage; ambition into a 
flame; sooth Conscience into tranquility; allay Caution 
and destroy all fear; reverse the judgment of a philoso¬ 
pher and blind the eyes of an observer; it will seduce 
intuition and hush the voice of memory of past experi¬ 
ences; make knowledge contradict itself; take the 
position of chairman, to rule and overrule every other 
element of mind to gratify its own desires. There is no 
other feeling in man’s nature that is capable of exerting 
such wonderful seductive power in distorting the whole 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


139 

mind from its usual modes of action and sound judg¬ 
ment and subjecting all to the reign of blind instinct as 
Amativeness. 

It is of vital importance that parents and young 
people understand the nature, power and influence of 
Amativeness over the mind and character; in its early 
manifestation, it gives a desire for the association of the 
opposite sex, a peculiar insatiable longing to be near and 
associate with and know more of them; this demand of na¬ 
ture is often denied by unwise parents greatly to the injury 
of the child, for the magnetism generated by this impulse 
must and will have expression; if denied its normal, 
legitimate expression in the genteel and proper associa¬ 
tion of the young, one of two conditions is sure to 
follow; either, a dwarfed sexuality, a cold, unloving, 
unlovable nature, void of magnetism and personal 
charm, or the forces generated by this feeling will 
find irresistable expression in some form of vice. Our 
seminaries and colleges furnish many examples of the 
former; here may be seen thousands of young ladies 
whose early girlhood was full of vigor and animation, 
but they have been kept in the straight jacket of disci¬ 
pline, scarcely allowed to speak to a young man for 
years, and while they are highly educated, they are 
unfortunately wanting in that physical strength and 
magnetic power that makes woman womanly, her life a 
charm and her intellect attractive. The bloched faces 
and leered expressions to be seen everywhere, to say 
nothing of the haunts of vice, furnish plenty of examples 
of those in whom this feeling and the forces it generates, 
found expression in vice. Upon the healthy and proper 
manifestation of this feeling largely depends the unfold- 
ment of the bud of childhood into the full bloom of true 
womanhood and true manhood. * 

The predominance of this feeling renders its pos- 


* See “ True Manhood.’or “ True Womanhood,” by Prof. N. N. Riddell; sent 
by mail to any address on receipt of price, 25 cents. Address, N. N. Riddell, 
Raymond, Neb. 



140 


AMATIVENESS. 


sessor most loving and lovable, charming and magnetic, 
attractive and attractable, extremely fond of the oppo¬ 
site sex and prone to sacrifice every other desire to 
gratify this one; combined with strong Moral Senti¬ 
ments, may be honest and faithful in love, but where 
these powers are moderate are very prone to social dis¬ 
sipation. The abuse of this passion has played a very 
influential part, and written many of the darkest pages 
in history; today it forms the skeleton, the dark secret, 
in more lives and families than the abuse of any other 
one propensity. The great vices of libertinism and 
prostitution, arising from the abuse of this feeling, are 
fostered and kept alive by four general causes—first, an 
inherent tendency towards lasciviousness, thrust upon 
innocent progeny by the uncontrolled appetites of the 
parents, (See Chapter on Heredity); second, the unwise 
restraining of its natural manifestation in the proper 
association of the young, as above referred to; third, the 
use of condiments, concentrated sweets and stimulants 
and especially animal food, all of which inflame or feed the 
animal desires and set the passions on fire (See chapter 
on food); and fourth, a corrupt public sentiment that will 
allow and even sanction in men what it will not tolerate 
in women, that will make an outcast of woman and sink 
her to the lowest depths and excuse man guilty of the 
same sin, thus placing the garland of respect over man 
and the penalty of shame and disgrace over woman for 
having committed the same offense against society. 
This corrupting sentiment, relative to the privileges of 
the sexes, is a relic of the dark ages; it was born in the 
age of propensity, before the dawn of the Christian era; 
after the march of civilization for many centuries, it still 
casts shadows of darkness across our civilization; its 
shadows may be seen in every realm of society, deflect¬ 
ing even the rays of Christianity so that the light of 
intelligence is partially obscured by the clouds of preju¬ 
dice. Even in our own Christian America, the young man 
can go astray, sow his wild oats, associate with the vile, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. I4T 

dissipate his manhood and sink to the lowest depths of 
sin, and when tired of his life of shame, the prodigal 
may return, repent, and join the temperance society; 
now, the doors of the church are thrown open, its alters 
are spread before him, the arms of society are 
thrown around him, the white hand of innocence is 
extended to welcome him, the tears and cheers of society 
greet him on his return and if he will behave himself 
and be a man, the very best is within his reach, he can 
even lead to the altar as his bride the purest girl in the 
land, and the church and the state will combine to unite 
the red hand and vile heart of the sinner with the white 
hand and pure heart of the saint. The forgiveness thus 
extended by society to the wayward man, however, 
must not be taken for any real expression of charity , or 
of the Christ spirit in the world, but rather as another 
form of selfishness on the part of men to excuse each 
other for what they would not tolerate in women; if the 
leniency shown men was truly an expression of charity 
and the sense of forgiveness, it would be equally 
extended to women; unfortunately, however, this is not 
true, for if the prodigal son that society has so gener¬ 
ously (?) forgiven have a sister, who under the most 
persuasive power and seductive temptation, makes a 
single mistake, the lines of society are quickly drawn so 
as to leave the unfortunate one just outside the circle, 
the doors of the churches are practically closed, and : 

From their saintly altars no incense rise 
To awaken sweet pity in the skies. 

While public sentiment is much disturbed 
No voice of forgiveness is ever heard. 

Doors that swung open at brother’s return, 

Are closed against sister, her tears to spurn. 

Voices that extolled the brother’s good name, 

Secretly whisper the sister’s dark shame. 

Hearts that breathe sweet prayers to heaven, 

To her, turn cold and unforgiving. 


142 


AMATIVENESS. 


For the prodigal son the lamb is slain, 

But the prodigal daughter is left in shame. 

Thus man by men is quickly forgiven, 

While woman, poor soul, must look to Heaven. 

Hell yawns and hisses beneath her feet, 

Kind Heaven alone is her retreat. 

The woman thus becomes an outcast from society 
and soon sinks to the lowest depths, with no hand to 
uplift, no eye to pity, no heart to forgive. This is not 
right, and in that higher order of society into which we 
are passing, the same condemnation of disgrace and 
shame will hang over each, and the same hand be 
extended to uplift, and eye to pity until the power of 
forgiveness shall reclaim them both. Until the stand¬ 
ard by which woman is judged is made equally binding 
upon man, until the penalty that she suffers be made 
the penalty for man, society will never be able to free 
itself from its disgraceful evils; until we join at the 
altar in holy wedlock hands and hearts that are alike 
pure, we can never have the perfect home, the enjoy¬ 
ment of sacred bliss or give to progeny a noble birth; 
until the church will array itself in pronounced opposi¬ 
tion against this evil, so that the lines of justice may 
fall upon all alike and extend its arms of protection, 
words of encouragement, altars of worship and prayers 
of forgiveness to unfortunate women as well as men, it 
cannot serve the purpose for which it was founded, or 
establish Christ’s kingdom in the hearts of men. Next 
to the church—the conscience-maker of the world— 
woman can do most toward bringing about a change of 
sentiment, and through it a change of conditions. 
When woman will demand a white life for two , and 
refuse her respect, company and recognition to him who 
chooses the darker way, then, and not until then, will 
man come to that higher standard, and the young have 
a pure society in which to move and pure hearts from 
which to choose life companions. The Pure Heart 
Societies, for both sexes, that are rapidly spreading 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


X 4 3 


Think Truly 

And thy thoughts shall 
a world’s famine feed. 

Speak Truly 
And each word shall 
be a fruitful seed. 
LIVE TRULY 
And thy life shall be a 
grand and noble deed. 


The thoughts of today 
become the dreams of 
tonight and the actions 
of tomorrow. 



Be First 

To guide sweet inno¬ 
cence in paths of truth 
and right. 

Be First 

To lead the erring one 
from darkness into 
light. 

BE FIRST 

To forgive the sin- 
stained soul 
When Christ has made 
it white. 


Law and the force of 
arms may regain a lost 
country, but love alone 
can reclaim a lost soul. 


I. To avoid loafing, low places of amusement, obscene 
pictures, and books that produce impure thoughts. 

II. To respect all women, strive to promote the law of 
purity and maintain it as equally binding upon men as 
women. 


III. To not entertain impure thoughts, tell unchaste 
stories, use profane language, nor practice any form of 
secret vice. 

IV. To not use, or cause to be used, any form of 
cheroots, cigarettes, tobacco, fermented wine, ale, beer, 
alcoholic liquors, nor other narcotics. 


Fig. 45. —Pure Heart Pledge for Men. 

throughout the United States by the aid of noble men 
and women, have for their chief object the elevation of 
the standard of true manhood to the altitudes demanded 
for true womanhood. These societies should receive 
the hearty endorsement of every true man, who 
reveres his mother, loves his sister, respects woman¬ 
kind, believes in virtue, desires to promote chast¬ 
ity, elevate society, bless humanity and honor 
God. * The Pure Heart Societies should be welcomed 


* For Pure Heart Pledges, Leaflets and Prof. N. N. Riddell’s lecture on “Char, 
acter Building,’' address with stamp, N. N. Riddell, Raymond, Nebraska. 








144 


AMATIVENESS. 


Think Truly 

A.nd thy thoughts shall 
i world’s famine feed. 

Speak Truly 
A.nd each word shall 
be a fruitful seed. 
LIVE TRULY 
A.nd thy life shall be a 
grand and noble deed. 

The thoughts of today 
become the dreams of 
tonight and the actions 
Df tomorrow. 



Be First 

To guide sweet inno¬ 
cence in paths of truth 
and right. 

Be First 

To lead the erring one 
from darkness into 
light. 

BE FIRST 

To forgive the sin- 
stained soul 
When Christ has made 
it white. 

Law and the force of 
arms may regain a lost 
country, but love alone 
can reclaim a lost soul. 


I. To avoid idle gossip, light flirtations, undue famil¬ 
iarities, the reading of such books or attending such 
entertainments as have a degrading tendency. 

II. To keep my own thoughts and life pure and strive 
to elevate all men and women to the same standard of 


purity. 

III. To kindly influence my gentlemen friends to 
totally abstain from the use of tobacco, liquors and other 
vices that degrade them. 

IV. To accept as my company and give my support 
only to such men as are willing to practice the self- 
denial and maintain the standard of temperance and 
purity they require of women. 


Fig. 46.—Pure Heart Pledge for Women. 

by all women as the herald of glad tidings, the promise 
of better days that are coming by and by, when young 
men and young women will tread the same paths of purity 
from childhood to the marriage altar. If every woman 
who respects virtue, admires nobility in man and 
amiability in woman, who desires justice, believes in 
equality or loves goodness and purity in humanity will 
help to organize these Pure Heart Societies among 
young women, it will do more to elevate young men, 
bring sunshine to the home, purify society, Christianize 
the church and uplift fallen humanity than all the efforts 
now being put forth outside of Christianity. 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 145 

CONJUGALITY, (No. 9.—Fig. 23.) 

This feeling is manifested through the lower portion 
of the back lobe of the cerebrum; the size of its organ 
is estimated by the length of the nerve fiber from the 
medulla oblongata to the surface of the brain, at a point 
about an inch outward from the middle line, and a little 
above the protuberance 011 the back of theskull. It finds 
expression with Amativeness about the lips and eyes; 
the round, oval. eye being especially significant of its 
strength; its activity produces a calm, confiding, trust¬ 
ing expression. 


Strong. Wear. 



Fig 47. Fig. 48. 


Conjugality is that feeling in man, and many of the 
lower animals, that causes them to select a companion; 
it is the mating instinct; it is the power that draws man 
and woman together and unites them in the bonds of 
holy wedlock; it is the basis of marriage; it is the key¬ 
stone in the great matrimonial arch; it is the link 
that unites the two great worlds of femininity and mas¬ 
culinity together; it is the cord that unites two hearts 
together until they beat as one; it is that instinct that 
inclines individuals to select from their many associates a 
soul mate, that shall be the counterpart of self, that can 
appreciate what they appreciate, enjoy what they enjoy, 


CONJUGALITY. 


146 

have similar likes and dislikes, enter into their every activ¬ 
ity of life whatever may be their lot, a soul that can vi¬ 
brate in sweet unison and harmony with their own. The 
ideal mate of each, for which this feeling longs, is the 
one that can enter into his or her every conditiofi; thus 
the energetic, the loving, the ambitious, the moral, the 
intellectual, the poetic, the artistic, the refined and the 
coarse, all require and demand a companion that can 
enter fully into their life. It differs substantially from 
Amativeness in this, that it demands the life-long asso¬ 
ciation, constancy and the utmost fidelity of the affec¬ 
tions and exclusiveness in love; it is substantially 
monogainistic; it seeks one mate, desires and will 
know no other, and demands the same exclusive¬ 
ness on the part of the mate; while Amativeness unin¬ 
fluenced by moral principle, or the mating instinct, will 
allow the most promiscuous association or free love. So 
exclusive is this feeling, so strong is its demands for 
fidelity, that when it is excited even late in life, it is 
pained to know that the object of its love has ever 
loved, or been associated with another. Conjugality 
being a higher instinct than that of Amativeness, it is 
not relatively as strongly manifest among savage and 
semi-civilized tribes, and even among individuals, its 
strength indicates something of the natural standard of 
the individual in the scale of refinement. Among sav¬ 
age tribes mating is more often for a season, and where 
the light of Christianity has not shed its golden beams 
of glory with sufficient power to change public senti¬ 
ment, exclusiveness in love is demanded and expected 
of women, while no such fidelity on the part of man 
maintains. With the dawn of Christianity, came the 
sacredness of the marriage vow, giving strength and 
support, both legal and moral, to Conjugality; while 
Conjugality has thus become stronger—so strong that 
children are inclined to mate long before they have 
reached their majority, or have that maturity of mind 
necessary for an intelligent choice—owing to diversity 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. I47 

of education, differentiation of character, and an ever- 
increasing complexity of mind, the chances for mistakes 
in the selection of the life companion are steadily on the 
increase. 

Again, a false education among a very large per cent 
of young people, inspires them with an ambition to 
want to start on their matrimonial career as well fixed 
at least with the comforts of life, as they have been at 
home; young men on limited salaries are unable to 
afford such comforts, young women are too proud to 
accept of such as would be within the young man’s 
reach, consequently the young man drifts along and 
from want of a natural incentive to economy and frugal¬ 
ity, spends his salary as he earns it, and in so doing 
forms habits that are ruinous; or they marry and in 
attempting to supply all the comforts of the parental 
home, soon become bankrupt and are forced into com¬ 
promising conditions, that are most mortifying to the 
pride; in either case , marriage was a failure. Again, in 
the American home, at least, there is a rapid evolution 
going on, a complete change from a monarchial form 
of government, in which the husband is the head of the 
family and the wife, like the children, sweetly obeys his 
will, to that higher condition of equality, or republican 
form of government, in which the wife, and even the 
children have a right to express an opinion. Owing to 
the rapidity of the change, it is extremely difficult for 
people to adjust their propensities, feelings and supposed 
rights to meet the new environments, therefore, there is 
necessarily more or less jar and discord in many families. 
Even the most liberal-minded men, can hardly get out 
of the way of thinking, that they have certain rights; 
that it is their privilege to demand, and that in the final 
settlement of all questions, the wife, to be a true woman, 
must acquiesce to their opinion, and sweetly obey 
thier will. On the other hand, woman in enter¬ 
ing into the higher arena of life and enjoying the 
greater freedom and liberties has doubtless in many 


148 CONJUGALITY. 

instances, sadly abused these privileges, forgetting that 
while statutory law may not compel, there is an older, 
stronger and more unalterable law, that should control 
the actions of every life, and adjust all matrimonial dif¬ 
ficulties, uainely, the law of love. From these and 
many other causes, that space forbids us from mention¬ 
ing, marriage is fast on the decline, while divorce is 
rapidly on the increase. In the Eastern states forty 
per cent of the adults are single, while on the Pacific 
slope fifty per cent, and in the city of San Francisco 
seventy-two per cent. What effect a liberal divorce law 
has had upon conjugal relations would be difficult to 
estimate. We can conceive of no law more destructive 
to human happiness or obstructive to social evolution, 
than a law that would bind together persons whose con¬ 
stitutional differences are such as to make their associa¬ 
tion a constant annoyance, for such relations are not 
only destructive of their happiness and morals, but 
necessarily entail upon their progeny an unfortunate 
inheritance. On the other hand, there is no question 
but what the sacredness, the sanctity and the fidelity of 
the marriage relations should be most persistently and 
forcibly urged, not only at the fireside, in society, but 
but by the church and the law. We need more law in 
the individual and less statutory contradictions; more 
conjugal fidelity, sober thought and moral stability on 
the part of the individual and a national law regulating 
marriage and divorce. 

The predominance of Conjugality renders the indi¬ 
vidual too clinging and confiding; too apt to select a mate 
before the character is sufficiently formed to know what 
will be required to produce perfect harmony; young 
persons so constituted are sure to make a selection from 
among their associates, even though there be no one 
that is in any considerable degree adapted to them. 
Love is a product of the young life and 'where Conju¬ 
gality is strong it will surely center somewhere, if a 
worthy object is not presented, it will center any how. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


149 


“The heart, like a tendril, accustomed to cling; 

Let it grow where it will can not flourish alone; 

But will lean to the nearest and lovliest thing 

It can twine with itself and make closely its own.’’ 

Young people who do not understand this fact often 
make the fatal mistake of supposing that because their 
love has gone out to some one, that that one possesses 
all the qualities necessary to harmonize with theirs; 
thus the young lady of refined mind and lofty senti¬ 
ments becomes infatuated with a young man, who may 
be far her inferior, the action of her own love operating 
with her imagination, will at once endow her Apollo 
with all of the elements of virtue, temperance and 
honor, and while she may know that he uses tobacco, 
drinks occasionally, associates with “the boys,” the 
mad love in her own pure heart will not allow her to 
believe him anything less than a perfect gentleman , in 
whom she would'trust even her life. Now, this supreme 
confidence and admiration is in no wise dependent upon 
the character of the young man, but is the product of love and 
Conjugality in the young lady; and while there may be 
no special adaptation between them, it is next to impos¬ 
sible for her mind to conceive of being happy in life 
without this mate. By the interruption of her affec¬ 
tions through their complete separation and association 
with others, the same experience may be repeated; in 
each case, under the power of love and Conjugality, the 
young lady will feel that this is the one that the gods 
decreed should be her life companion. From the above, 
it must not be understood that this instinct should not 
be allowed to aid the judgment in the selection of the 
companion, but rather that the instinct will, and often 
does, act long before the judgment is sufficiently mature 
to make a wise choice; therefore, the demands of the 
instinct should be denied, marriage postponed, other 
associations allowed until the mind is sufficiently mature 
with experience and observation to intelligently guide 
the instinct in its choice. Where the adaptation is 


PARENTAL LOVE. 


* 5 ° 

good, when two natures meet that form the perfect 
counterpart of each other, there is no danger of a few 
months’, or even years’, delay, and a reasonable asso¬ 
ciation with others, destroying the affinity that binds them 
together. When lovers find it necessary on the other hand 
to remain much in each other’s company, and avoid asso¬ 
ciating with others, in order to perpetuate their love and 
pleasure in each other’s eyes, they had better never 
marry; they are not adapted* 

Where Conjugality is deficient, the tendency to 
select or cling to one companion will be correspondingly 
weak; if Amativeness be strong, such persons may man¬ 
ifest much appreciation for the opposite sex, but the 
love will be transient in character, strong during associ¬ 
ation with one having similar likes and dislikes, but on 
being associated with another, will have the same ten¬ 
der feeling toward them, thus they are able and strongly 
inclined to love many rather than one; this combination 
is the basis of polygamy, of free love, of that tendency 
to woo and love many but marry none, examples of 
which are so shamefully common in America. The 
fickleness and infidelity in the affections so often met 
with are often the result of weak Conjugality and Con¬ 
tinuity; the lover that is ever getting up little flirta¬ 
tions on the side is rarely, if ever, contented and constant 
in matrimony; if Conscience be strong, he may ever re¬ 
main faithful and true, but the feeling of discontent 
chaffs within. 

PARENTAL LOVE—(No. io—Fig. 23.) 

This feeling is manifested through the back lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is estimated by the full¬ 
ness of the back head and the length of the nerve fiber 
from the medulla oblongata to a point on each side of 
the middle line, about a half inch above the protuber¬ 
ance on the back of the skull. It finds expression 
mainly in the lips and chin, and is especially indicated 

* See Prof. N. N. Riddell’s lecture on “Love, Courtship and Marriage;’' sent to 
any address on receipt of price, 25 cents. Address N. N. Riddell, Raymond, Neb. 



lllJMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


151 


by the fullness of the lips half way between the corner 
of the mouth and the center of the lips. Parental Love 
is that feeling, that instinct, common to man and ani¬ 
mal, that attaches them to the progeny; it gives the 
love of the young, the little, the weak, the dependent, 
the innocent and pets; it is a wise provision of nature 
for the protection and care of the young; through its 
influence, what otherwise would become a neglected or 
irksome task, gives a joy unspeakable; this feeling is 
bestowed by an all-wise Creator in proportion to the 
needs of the young; where the young require no paren- 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 49.—A. Longley. Fig. 50.—Hon. Isidor Rayner. 

Q tal protection, no parental affection is 
manifest; among those animals where 
the young must be protected and fed, 
we see the strong manifestations of this 
feeling, so that the Mother will fight to 
death in the protection of her young. 
Fig<5I> In man, where the longer attention is 

required, the instinct is more constant and prolonged to 
meet the requirements of the longer period of depen¬ 
dence. This feeling is usually stronger in the Mother 
than in the Father. The natural relation and constitu- 


152 


PARENTAL LOVE. 


tion of the Mother best fit her for the immediate 
attention of the progeny; the strength and iron will of 
the Father best fit him to be its protector and provider. 
As Conjugality binds the husband and wife together, so 
Parental Love, by giving them both a strong attachment 
to the children, forms another tie and becomes the sec¬ 
ond great link that binds the family together—a link 
that holds many families together; where Conjugality 
has been destroyed, the circle remains unbroken be¬ 
cause of the fond love each has for the children. 
Through the action of this affection, the infant genera¬ 
tion receives the protection, the early care and nourish¬ 
ment essential for its existence, and through it the 
adult generation receives the great pleasure in providing 
the necessities of the other; through this fond love, the 
necessity of the child becomes the pleasure of the 
parent. The predominance of this instinct renders the 
individual extremely fond of children, pets and any¬ 
thing that is little and helpless; it also gives an attach¬ 
ment to animals; such persons when young must have a 
doll, a kitty, a dog, a pony, something on which to 
bestow their parental affection; in mature years, if they 
have no children of their own, they are very apt to 
adopt some; they make up with every child they meet; 
they must have something to pet; however much they 
may become attached to adopted children or little ones 
with whom they are associated, they will never know 
the real strength of this feeling, its power to thrill the 
whole being with joy and fill the heart with gladness, 
or crush the hopes with grief and bury the soul in 
sadness, until the smiling face, the mischievous eyes 
and prattling tongue of their own darling one has 
quickened Parental Love. While the primary instinct 
of this impulse is the same in all, its manifestations will 
be greatly influenced or determined by other powers; 
thus parents having very strong appetites, with moder¬ 
ate intellect, express their love by feeding the children 
on sweetmeats, and often govern by appealing to their 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 153 

appetites and propensities, which is a most fatal error; 
those having strong Self Reliance and Approbation 
always want their children to appear like little men and 
women; they hurry them out of childhood, forgetting 
that it has its place and when once gone it cometh not 
again; where Friendship is strong, they make compan¬ 
ions of the children; with strong Conscience and Firm¬ 
ness added, are inclined to lead them by example and 
companionship onward and upward, a most^fortunate 
combination for the child; where the thinking powers 
are strong, the parents admire ‘ ‘the old head on young 
shoulders;” thus Parental Love is shaded and modified, 
and the child influenced by the peculiarities of the par¬ 
ents. Where this feeling is very strong and unrestrained 
or not guided by judgment and justice, the parents are 
very prone to spoil the child by their over fondness for 
it, being unable to see its faults or correct them when 
pointed out by another; they indulge the little one’s 
appetites to its eternal ruin; and in due course of time 
have to suffer the penalty of broken law, as they see the 
object of their affections wilful and sinful; thus nature 
punishes parents and child for the over-indulgence of 
Parental Love. Aside from the spoiling of children by 
over-indulgence, there are many other ways of abusing 
Parental Love; a very fashionable one may be seen in 
any of our large cities, where fashionable people turn 
their children over to the care of a disinterested nurse, 
while the Mother bestows her maternal affection and 
gentle attention upon the poodle dog. In many homes 
where there are no children, the poodle receives more 
attention than would be required to bring up an orphan 
child. How unfortunate indeed it is that women who 
have time, money and a Mother’s love will insist on 
bestowing this tender affection upon the poodle, when 
there are thousands of children sinking in the slums of 
our large cities into the depths of vice and crime, all for 
the want of a home, a Mother’s love, a Mother’s care ! 
Those in whom this instinct is deficient are unable to 


i54 


FRIENDSHIP. 


appreciate children; they lack the ability to throw 
themselves in harmony with the child’s life; if Kindness 
be strong and the elements of self control good, they 
may be kind and tender, but they will not be able to 
come in perfect sympathy with its nature; with the 
Moral Sentiments weak, and the propensities strong, 
they want nothing to do with children, are cruel and 
unsparing and have no liking for pets or animals. 

FRIENDSHIP—(No. u.—Fig. 23.) 

This feeling is manifested through the upper portion 
of the back lobe of the brain; the size of its organ is 
estimated by the fullness of the head and the length of 
the nerve fiber to a point an inch and a half on either 
side of the middle line, upward and backward at an 
angle of 45 degrees from the opening of the ear. It finds 
expression especially in the lips, and is indicated by 
perpendicular wrinkles in them; it is also indicated by 
the warm, hearty handshake and a genial, sociable 
manner. 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 52—Rev. E. B. Hatch. Fig. 53—Lemuel Ely Quigg. 


Friendship is that feeling, that affinity, that draws 
people together regardless of sex or family relations; the 
other Social Feelings all find their natural object in the 
family, this one goes outside of the family and unites 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 155 

neighbors, communities, and in its broadest sense binds 
all mankind together in the bond of fraternal love. It is 
the basis of society, of fraternal organizations, and com¬ 
bines with Secretiveness in the production of secret 
orders. It is the affinity that exists between individuals 
because of the qualities they possess in common, regard¬ 
less of sex. Friendship may be as strong between 
two women or two men as between a man and a woman. 
“The soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, 
and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.” It gives the 
feeling of hospitality, the desire for association with 
others besides the members of one’s own family. 
Among savage tribes and among many of the lower 
animals, we see this feeling manifested in drawing them 
together in flocks, droves and tribes; in civilized life, 
there is the same tendency to cluster in cities and com¬ 
munities. The interdependence of each individual upon 
his neighbor makes the feeling of Friendship and its 
normal manifestation of vital importance to the happi¬ 
ness of the individual and the evolution of society. 

Friendship, uninfluenced by the perverted action of 
other elements of the mind, would draw together per¬ 
sons having similar likes and dislikes and form pleasure¬ 
giving social unions; but from the perversion of the 
propensities and Selfish Sentiments, Friendship is sac¬ 
rificed to gratify selfish greed, or selfish pride and the 
result is the formation of clans and strata in society. 
Friendship combined with and controlled by Approba¬ 
tion and Acquisitiveness, produces that wealthy, 
haughty class that live in palatial mansions and subsist 
on swell dinners and the froth of deception; three 
things are essential to become a member of this fraternal 
order—wealth, conceit and deceit; real worth, intelli¬ 
gence and morals are not required to appear on the cre¬ 
dentials of those who would become members of this 
society; in fact these would stand much more in the 
way than a police record or bawdy house scandal. 
Where Friendship combines with the appetites, we 


FRIENDSHIP. 


156 

have the society of the race course, the pool room and 
the beer garden; the standard of this society is estimated 
by the length of the waistband and the power to resist 
the effects of narcotics; where Friendship combines with 
the Intellectual Faculties and Moral Sentiments, we 
have the society of honor and character, to which for¬ 
tunately, most people desire to belong, and to which all 
may belong by simply doing the best they can and mak¬ 
ing good use of their opportunities. Thus society 
becomes stratified, but all of its several strata are held, 
together by the adhesive power of Friendship. Through 
Friendship, the association of families and neighbors 
becomes one of the most pleasure giving privileges in 
civilized life; it not only opens up the way for the 
exchange of thought, feeling and sentiment, making 
united action and social evolution possible, profitable 
and pleasurable, but it opens the way for Conjugality 
and Amativeness to select the life companion. 

In passing from friendship to love, it is not alway 
easy to determine the exact proportion of each; friend¬ 
ship does not end, as some suppose, but continues after 
love begins, thousands are made miserable by being 
self-deceived in supposing their attachment towards 
another was merely a matter of friendship, when in 
reality there was a deeper tie. In attempting to ascer¬ 
tain whether an attachment is more than a matter of 
friendship, it is well to remember that love brings with 
it the possibility of jealousy, that will be found to mani¬ 
fest itself when the friend divides his or her attention and 
shows equal favor to another, if the feeling of uneasi¬ 
ness or jealousy is not aroused, it is pretty safe to say 
that the attachment is one of friendship; but if this 
divided attention excites a feeling of unrest or jealousy, 
we may rest assured there is love as well as friendship. 
Where Friendship predominates in a nature, it inclines 
individuals to be very hospitable, genial, and socia¬ 
ble; they make companions of their children; if the 
Selfish Propensities be strong they will be clannish to 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 157 

their friends; with strong Approbation, they want 
u their crowd” to make a good showing. The abuses of 
Friendship, when acting under the controlling power 
of other propensities, are almost too numerous to men¬ 
tion, a most common one is where it is led by Acquisi¬ 
tiveness and Secretiveness, here the genial friendship 
manifested is entirely for a selfish purpose, to gain con¬ 
fidence, solicit trade, or court some financial favor. 
Friendship being the connecting link between individ¬ 
uals outside of the home, it is used by every feeling and 
propensity in the entire nature in their efforts to 
influence others; so that when your neighbor gives 
you the warm, hearty handshake of friendship, you do 
not know whether it is inspired by a friendly feeling or 
whether he is getting you ready to buy a piece of real 
estate, endorse a bank note, trade at his store, support 
his party ticket, attend his church, or invite him 
around that he may have an opportunity of meeting 
your unmarried sister or daughter; so that while the 
warm, hearty handshake always means something, 
just what that something is , is not always easy to ascertain. 
Unfortunately, there is very little friendship in business, 
perhaps because those who have very strong Friendship 
are almost sure to endorse and lose, and thereby become 
examples to others. Another abuse of Friendship is 
where it combines with Appetite to establish the custom 
of smoking, treating, drinking, leading and being led 
into paths of vice. The deficiency of Friendship ren¬ 
ders the individual cold, distant and unhospitable, such 
a person may, through strong Kindness and Agreeable¬ 
ness, be kind and pleasant to all, but he will be almost 
as much so to the stranger as to the friend. 

INHABITIVENESS—(No. 12.—Fig. 23.) 

This feeling is manifested through the back lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is estimated by the full¬ 
ness of the head from two to two and a half inches 
directly above the protuberance on the back of the 
skull, or just above Parental Love. 


INHABITIVENESS. 


158 


Inhabitiveness is that feeling that gives the attach¬ 
ment to home, place and native land. It is the inspirer 
of patriotism and national pride; it produces the feeling 
that home, the place where one was born and the 
country in which one lives, are the best, the most 
desirable places on earth. It is an instinct common to 
man and many of the lower animals. It is a feeling 
that becomes manifest very early in the child’s life’ the 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig 54.—Prof. H. T. Griffith. Fig. 55.—Dr. F. Frank. 


Q child soon becomes attached to its own 
room and the house in which it was 
born, and although it may be moved 
early in life into a more pleasant spot 
and commodious home, it will ever re¬ 
member the place where it spent its 
first conscious hours and gained its 
fig. 56. rudimentary knowledge of the external 
w r orld, as the most hallowed spot on earth. Around 
the thought of home cluster more fond memories than 
about any other one thought in the human mind; here 
we remember the cosy fireside, its laughing blaze on a 
cold winter’s night; here we recall the tender, loving- 
words of Mother, and here are associated all of those 
self-sacrificing acts and gentle caresses that have been 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 159 

an inspiration to our lives; here Father’s kindly face 
and words of wisdom gave direction to our thoughts 
and strength to our characters; here we remember the 
sweet, solemn song from the voices of loved ones and 
the reading of the sacred book, with all its mysteries, 
truths and admonitions that have proven a benediction 
to our lives. How distinctly we remember the happy 
faces and mischievous eyes, the budding and bloom of 
brothers and sisters; we can almost feel the youthful 
heart throbs of sympathy, as we gather in our imagina¬ 
tion once more around the family circle; once more the 
delicate cords of love revibrate with tender affection; 
years of drifting far from home have not destroyed its 
sacred memories, as we think of all these tender asso¬ 
ciations, how can we help exclaiming, “Backward, turn 
backward, O Time in your flight, make me a child 
again just for tonight!” 

As the facilities for easy and rapid travel increase, 
there is more of a tendency to move about. Inhabitive- 
ness is thus disturbed, the attachments to place are 
broken off, and the unwarranted favor to special locali¬ 
ties is overcome. In mountainous countries, or where 
the facilities for traveling make it difficult to move 
about, the feeling of Inhabitiveness is much stronger 
among the people than where ease of transit is con¬ 
stantly disturbing it. This feeling gives the individual 
that peculiar appreciation for his own home, locality, 
state and country; the inclination to feel that his 
peculiar place is best and has more advantages; what¬ 
ever is raised, manufactured or produced there is a little 
better than is to be found any where else; the climate 
has special advantages; the schools are a little better 
equipped and have been peculiarly fortunate in the 
selection of teachers or the establishment of a faculty 
that can give the student advantages to be had no 
where else. It is one of the most interesting things in 
travel to observe the manifestations of Inhabitiveness 
among people of different sections, how they will enter- 


i6o 


INHABITIVENESS. 


tain the stranger by pointing out the peculiar advan¬ 
tages of their locality, apologizing for the inclement 
weather, the miserable roads, the failure of crops, and 
other misfortunes, assuring the stranger that these 
things are “extremely uncommon.” Thus the love of 
home becomes the basis of patriotism; the more homes 
and the more perfect the homes, the more of patriotism, 
the more boarding houses the less patriotism. A nation of 
perfect homes needs no standing armies for its defense, 
fof were such a country invaded by a foreign foe it 
would receive the combined resistance of the manhood 
of the entire nation. The best protection any country 
can have and its most defensive army is the perfect fire¬ 
side, the happy home. Where Inhabitiveness predom¬ 
inates in a nature it inclines the individual to place too 
high an estimate upon his own home and country, and 
destroys his appreciation for the advantages of other 
places; where it combines with strong Vitativeness and 
Caution, the individual will point out the healthfulness 
of his locality; with strong Acquisitiveness, the advan¬ 
tages for making money; with strong Perceptive Fac¬ 
ulties, the superiority of the schools and educational 
advantages; with strong artistic faculties, the beauty 
and sublimity of the scenery; with strong Moral Senti¬ 
ments, the religious advantages; thus Inhabitiveness 
combines with other strong qualities, enabling each to 
find in his own locality what is required to fill his cup 
of happiness and give contentment to his soul. The 
deficiency of this feeling leaves one without the attach¬ 
ment to any particular place, and when combined with 
strong Locality produces the tendency to roam about, 
and with a broad mind gives the cosmopolitan idea. 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


161 



THE SELFISH SENTIHENTS (5), 

S ONSISTING of Caution (13), Approbation (14), 
Self Reliance (15), Firmness (16) and Continuity 
(17), are manifested through the back portion of the top 
head and the upper portion of the back head, or that 
part called the crown; the length of the nerve fiber in 
this direction, or the height and fullness at the crown 
and at each side, determines the size of their organs. 
They find expression mainly through the middle por¬ 
tion of the face, their strength being especially indicated 
by the prominence of the bridge of the nose, the length 
and form of the upper lip. Their predominance gives 
a proud, independent carriage; a stiff, firm, dignified 
manner; their deficiency gives an opposite expression. 

Strong. Weak. 


Fig. 57.—Rev. A. C. Hirst, D. D. Fig. 58—Rev. Dr. Henry Dunn. 

The Selfish Sentiments are those elements in man’s 
mental nature that give caution, prudence, watchful¬ 
ness and apprehension of danger both as it pertains to 
self, physical and mental, and as it pertains to one’s 
relations to others, and their mental states; they give 
the sense of approval, desire to please, ambition to rise and 
accomplish in life whatever will gratify one’s own desires 
and command the attention and secure the approval of 
others; they give self respect, independence, self-suffi- 


i62 


THE SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 


ciency, self reliance that enables one to act independently 
in self interest and command the confidence and respect 
of others; they give firmness, constancy, persistency, 
stability and that quality of continuity that is so essen¬ 
tial in self effort, self control, self improvement and in 
maintaining a proper relation to the minds of others; 
thus they are selfish wherein they pertain to self and self 
interest , but partake of the nature of a sentiment in their 
relation to other minds. These Selfish Sentiments 
enter into man’s every activity, mental conclusion, and 
influence his every relation to society; they combine to 
give prudence, ambition and stability to every act, feel¬ 
ing, faculty and sentiment. Their predominance in a 
nature renders the individual cautious, proud, persistent, 
self reliant and wilful; combined with strong affections 
and moderate Moral Sentiments, they give social ambi¬ 
tion, desire for approval of the opposite sex, greed for 
distinction and leadership; with strong Selfish Propen¬ 
sities added, a cruel, ambitious, selfish nature, that 
would subject all others to its control, usurp all author¬ 
ity and make all pleasures its own; combined with a 
strong intellect, they give appreciation for personal 
knowledge, persistency of study, doggedness of opinion, 
ambition for intellectual distinction, and mental superi¬ 
ority; combined with the Moral Sentiments, they give 
prudence to their expression, firmness to conviction, 
constancy to character, ambition to do good, be good 
and to secure the approval of God and man for the same. 

In the march of civilization, the Selfish Sentiments 
have played a very important part; their watchful care 
and apprehension of danger have directed the steps and 
given prudence to individual and national activity; their 
sense of approval have restrained propensities, fanned 
the energies, purified the affections, quickened the 
intellect, and thrilled the entire life, individual and 
national, with the life of ambition and the desire to 
rise; their self reliance have sustained the energies until 
the dream of hope became a finished reality, and what 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 163 

would otherwise have never been undertaken has thus 
been carried to triumphant success. Their firm persis¬ 
tency and constancy have given constant resistance to 
opposing forces within and without, stability in appli¬ 
cation, steadfastness in purpose and integrity in honor, 
all of which are so essential to every hour’s existence, 
and every step of progress in individual and national 
life. The abuse, as well as the use, of these sentiments 
may be seen on every hand; their perverted manifesta¬ 
tions giving false pride, selfish ambition, egotism, greed 
of power, dogged wilfulness, conceit and stubbornness. 
Their deficiency renders the individual wanting in pru¬ 
dence, self-respect, ambition, decision and stability. 
We can better understand the relation of these senti¬ 
ments to mind and character, and their influence upon 
individual and national life by studying each separately. 

CAUTION—(No. 13.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment, or feeling, is manifested through the 
upper back portion of the side head; the size of its 


Strong. Moderate. 



Fig. 59.— Prof. D. F. McDonald. Fig. 60.— Douisb E. Francis. 

organ is indicated by the length of the fiber to, and the 
prominence of the skull at, a point directly upward 
from the back of the ears to where the head begins to 


CAUTION, 


164 

round off to form the top. Its activity gives a cautious, 
apprehensive, watchful and even frightened expression 
to the countenance, a careful, guarded manner both in 
action and conversation. 

^ Caution is that sentiment, or feeling, that gives 
fear, carefulness, watchfulness, prudence and apprehen¬ 
sion of danger; it is an instinct common to man and 
•animal; it is an element in self-preservation, self-protec¬ 
tion; its language is “Beware,” “Lookout,” “Take 
care.” Of itself, it is incapable of judging what is 
harmful, destructive and imprudent, but whatever the 
intellect or other feelings may decide is dangerous to 
life, interest, reputation, friends, or whatever the indi¬ 
vidual may be concerned in, Caution raises the cry of 
fear, “Be careful.” It is the safeguard, the sentinel on 
the watchtower, ever ready to cry aloud against threat¬ 
ening danger. It combines with Vitativeness to give 
the fear of death, and cries out against everything that 
threatens life; it combines with Courage and Executive¬ 
ness to prevent rashness, but when life is endangered 
and escape is impossible, it fans Executiveness into a 
furor for self-protection, and the cornered man or beast 
fights with the terror of desperation born of fear; it 
combines with the Social Feelings to make one cautious 
for the welfare of loved ones. With Parental Love, it 
gives that maternal watchfulness, that undue apprehen¬ 
sion, lest something should happen to the little ones; 
through its unguided manifestation, the Mother often 
injures the child by over-feeding for fear it is hungry; 
by bundling it up and smothering it, for fear it might 
get a breath of fresh air; by keeping it indoors and away 
from all harm, instead of allowing it to get out in The 
sunshine and take care of itself. Caution combines with 
Appetite to warn against an improper ingesta; with 
Acquisitiveness to be careful in speculation, to look out 
for needless expense and be prepared for emergencies; 
with Approbation admonishing it to beware of whatever 
would be an impediment to its progress or destructive 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 165 

to a good name; with Sublimity to give awfulness to 
grandeur; with Constructiveness to make sure and safe, 
to build strong; with Language to be guarded in expres¬ 
sion; with the Reasoning Faculties to be careful in 
reflections, that conclusions may be correct; with Ven¬ 
eration to give a due sense of fear of God. 

The direction in which Caution will manifest itself 
in the individual will be determined by the strength of 
the other powers; where the intellect is strong and the 
feelings moderate, the caution will be characterized by 
prudence and apprehension of danger, a tendency to look 
out for breakers ahead; where the feelings are very 
strong and the intellect moderate, Caution seems to 
operate only with the other feelings; persons so consti- 
iuted often manifest little or 110 apprehension of danger; 
they will expose themselves, their interests or loved 
ones to impending danger without any thought of the 
consequences, but when the evil is upon them, they are 
frightened almost to death and thrown into a panic of 
fear. We have known two parents, one of whom was 
always apprehending danger, protecting the children 
from exposure to disease, inclement weather, bad 
society, trashy literature, etc., while the other did not 
seem to anticipate any evil results; when sickness or 
misfortune fell upon the children the apprehensive 
parent was cool and deliberate, while the other was 
wild with fear; in the former, Caution worked with 
intellect and judgment, in the latter with the feelings. 
The predominance of Caution renders individuals too 
careful, afraid to do; such are afraid to undertake any¬ 
thing for fear of making a failure; afraid to invest lest 
they should lose; with them, “A bird in the hand is 
worth two in the bush;” they are unable to decide, for 
whichever way judgment turns the undue Caution says, 
“Re careful, you will make a mistake;” hence they 
guess they will, they guess they won’t, until the oppor¬ 
tune moment is past, and where Self Reliance is weak 
are always seeking the advice of others rather than 


i66 


APPROBATION. 


deciding for self; they are always unduly alarmed and 
constantly suffer from imaginary evils; with perverted 
imagination and weak Hope they make mountains of 
molehills, are afraid of every change in this life and 
fearful of their chances in the life to come. 

In its perverted manifestations, Caution casts a 
shadow of fear and trembling over every action, feeling 
and sentiment in one’s life, torturing the entire exis¬ 
tence with that most painful sensation of fear; in its 
spasmodic action, it may result in a panic, in which it 
destroys judgment, dethrones the will and carries every 
feeling by storm in its mad efforts to be freed from 
impending danger; such manifestations are not unfre- 
quently seen, especially during a fire, when dense 
crowds are packed in a burning building, here men and 
women of ordinary good judgment will wildly clamber 
over the weak and trample them under foot. Its defi¬ 
ciency renders individuals careless, reckless, imprudent, 
unwatchful, inclined to take unwarranted chances and 
reckless speculations; to make unguarded expressions; 
to unduly expose the health, reputation, personal wel¬ 
fare, personal interests or the interests of others; as 
mechanics they are careless in the use of tools; as house¬ 
keepers they are breaking things or losing something; 
in society they are apt to associate with the unworthy, 
to subject themselves to unnecessary temptation or 
criticism; in business they are careless about accounts, 
the drafting of papers, taking their chances; in other 
words, the safeguard of the soul is deficient, and every 
element in the nature suffers from its absence. 

APPROBATION—(No. 14.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the extreme 
back portion of the top of the brain; the size of its 
organ is estimated by the height and fullness of the 
head at a point an inch and a half to each side of the 
medium line, just where the top head rounds off at the 
back. It finds expression, especially, in the upper lip; 
its activity is indicated by the lifting or drawing back 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


167 


of the upper lip, so as to expose the teeth. Its activity 
draws the head back and to one side, and produces 
those graceful, pleasing affected manners that bid for the 
approval of others. 

Approbation is that sentiment that gives the sense 
of approval, personal pride and ambition; the desire to 
please; the appreciation for the opinion, esteem, respect, 
and good will of others; it gives the love of praise, 


Strong. 


Weak. 



applause, desire for distinction, favor, reputation, popu¬ 
larity and notoriety; it gives that mental pain experi¬ 
enced when one is unfavorably criticised, found fault 
with, spoken to sharply, condemned, ridiculed or in any 
way made conscious that he or she has won the disfavor, 
the disapproval, or failed to secure the approbation 
desired. The sense of Approbation, or the desire for 
approval, is one of the most influential elements in 
character; its effects may be seen in every walk and 
calling, in every age and position of life. In its pri¬ 
mary manifestation, it gives simply the desire for and 
appreciation of approval, it is entirely incapable of 
judging what will or will not secure this desired end; 
its office being to urge the intellect, and all of the feel¬ 
ings, to do just what will secure approval and avoid 


l68 APPROBATION. 

whatever will excite adverse criticism. 

Persons differ very materially in their manifestations 
of the sense of approval; scarcely any two can be found 
whose sense of pride runs in exactly the same direction; 
people are proud of and seek approval for those things 
in which they excel, or what they admire and appre¬ 
ciate; because of the differences in the dispositions of 
people, some are most ambitious to secure the approval 
of others for things that to persons differently consti¬ 
tuted would be most loathsome and disgusting. A 
person with strong Approbation and low Organic Qual¬ 
ity and strong propensities may be very ambitious to 
outdo others as a fighter, as an athlete, or in running, 
lifting or even in eating and drinking, according to the 
predominating propensity; combined with the Social 
Feelings, the person seeks social favor, distinction 
among the opposite sex, wants to be a leader in society; 
with Ideality added, is fond of fashion, proud of dress, 
ambitious to lead in the fads of the day. Combined 
with strong Self Reliance, Approbation gives self pride, 
ambition for notoriety; with strong Conscience, pride of 
honor, desire to be known, respected and looked up to 
for integrity and moral stability; with strong Kindness 
and Veneration added, it seeks the approval of God and 
man for kindness, it praises God with the most compli¬ 
mentary appellations to excite His approval; combined 
with the intellect, it gives ambition to study and desire 
to be known for scholarship, memory, inventive genius, 
language, originality of thought, accomplishments, 
according to the predominance of these in the nature; 
combined with Acquisitiveness, the ambition is to make 
money, to become known as one of wealth, as a finan¬ 
cier, here the pride may be in the business, the farm, 
stock, or possessions; thus the instinct in its primary 
impulse is the same in all, differing only in degrees of 
strength and direction of manifestation. Where Appro¬ 
bation is strong, the person will have something of 
which he or she is proud and about which he is sensi- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. l6g 

tive and easily wounded, if unfavorably criticised. It- 
may be the lowest act in man’s animal nature, or the 
highest achievement that ever thrilled the soul of a 
philanthropist; wherever man's ambition lies there is his 
sensitive spot. 

In the development of the mind from childhood to 
maturity, the ambition is ever changing as the mind 
unfolds; the ambitions of childhood are overcome 
and discarded by those of youth, the ambitions of youth 
are again supplanted by those of mature years. As a 
rule, the boy that was so keenly anxious to excel on the 
playground retains his ambitious spirit throughout life; 
in later years, when the intellect expands and Self 
Reliance becomes stronger, Hope lights up the heavens 
high above him, the soul mounts upward in its flight, 
every fiber is drawn to its strongest tension, every nerve 
is thrilled with energy, every power is fanned to a white 
heat by ambition, until the boy who was first to cross 
the line in the foot race stands highest on the ladder of 
fame, and the same pride that thrilled the young breast, 
once more throbs in response to the applause of an 
approving world. Approbation is one of the strongest 
incentives to action, and in its normal manifestation is 
conducive to much good, a due regard for the approval 
of others being a very important factor inhuman nature; 
one can scarcely estimate the influence of this sentiment 
upon society. The predominance or abuse of this senti¬ 
ment leads to false pride, an undue sensitiveness or 
hollow vanity; it destroys the naturalness and gives an 
affected manner; it induces Secretiveuess to aid it in 
covering up faults and Imitation to assist it in pretend¬ 
ing to be what one is not; it hushes the voice of Con¬ 
science, that ever whispers to the mind, “Do right,” 
and sends its own message to the intellect, “Do what 
will secure approval;” it silences the voice of judgment 
in dress, appearance or home and insists upon the latest 
fashion regardless of comfort, cost or appropriateness; it 
makes its possessor a slave to the opinions of others in 


170 


SELF RELIANCE. 


whatever direction it may manifest itself. Parents, 
nurses and teachers in whom this sentiment is very 
strong are always appealing to it in children; the child 
is told it must do this and must not do the other be¬ 
cause of what people will say or think, thus public 
approval or disapproval becomes the ruling element in 
the child’s nature; the little girl is told that she is 
pretty, the little boy that he is smart, until their sense 
of Approbation becomes pervertee vanity; the girl 
becomes haughty and affected, the boy overbearing and 
conceited, so that what might have been a real blessing 
or advantage to each, through perverted Approbation 
becomes most ruinous. The sense of Approbation 
should never be appealed to in the child as a means of 
government, except in connection with Conscience, let 
it be praised abundantly, but praised because it did right. 
There are far too many in the world who from false 
education are actuated more by Approbation than Con¬ 
science; thus we will see men heading the subscription 
list, helping to erect schools and churches, aiding chari¬ 
table institutions, or loudly promoting or advocating any 
popular cause, not from their real sense of justice, char¬ 
ity or humane interest, but because the doing of such 
things secures the approval of their friends and public 
favor; Christ understood the abuse of this sentiment, 
even in the church, hence He admonished His fol¬ 
lowers to “do not your alms before men,”’ nor to “pray 
on the street corners to be .seen of men.” 

SELF RELIANCE—(No. 15.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the extreme 
back portion of the top of the<brain; the size of its 
organ is estimated by the height and fullness of the 
central portion of the crown, just where the top head 
begins to decline towards the back head. It finds 
expression in the upper lip and nose, its activity raises 
the outer wings of the nose, draws the head backward, 
producing an erect, dignified, independent carriage. 

Self Reliance is that sentiment that gives self love, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


171 

self appreciation, self esteem, self sufficiency, self confi¬ 
dence, self approval; it gives dignity, gravity, 
independence, complacency, and nobility to character. 
It is a most important and influential element of mind; 
its activity gives that sense of one’s own importance and 
personal value; it gives the tendency to act, decide and 
rely upon self; the self confidence to undertake and 
carry through difficult tasks, to take on responsibilities 
and lead in whatever is being done, not to secure the 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 63. —Sir Adolph P. Caron. Fig. 64. —Edward Charles Pickering. 


_ ^ approval of others, as one does when 

/N\ actuated by Approbation, but because of 
u t \ the feeling of self sufficiency and per- 

jv / sonal ability; it gives that self respect 

j that holds one aloof from whatever he 
deems unworthy or beneath him. Com- 
fig. 65. bined with strong energies, it gives that 
self confidence to undertake the most difficult and laborious 
tasks; with strong Social Feelings, that self sufficiency 
that enables one to take an active, important part in 
society without the sense of embarrassment or diffi¬ 
dence, to hold one’s self aloof from the unworthy, and 
to retain the dignity and self composure through a due 
sense of one’s importance; with Approbaiion and the 



SELF RELIANCE. 


172 

other Selfish Sentiments, it gives personal pride, ambi¬ 
tion for power, to lead, rule, govern, boss, and with 
strong propensities and moderate Moral Sentiments, it 
gives egotism, tyranny, the domineering, over-bearing 
spirit; combined with strong Moral Sentiments, it gives 
the sense of self respect, honor and integrity of charac¬ 
ter, thus combined it becomes one of the elements of 
self control; it helps to hold the passions in check; it 
says to every brutal manifestation of propensity, “This 
is beneath you, it is unworthy of you; for shame, that 
you should thus degrade or debase yourself. ” In many 
persons this feeling is really the strongest opponent to 
the propensities, the staff that keeps the character up¬ 
right; when the Moral Sentiments would have given 
way and yielded to temptation, this sense of personal 
pride and respect for their own character prevented them 
from yielding. 

The value of self respect can scarcely be overesti¬ 
mated; by respecting one’s self too highly to stoop to 
whatever is dishonorable, degraded, impure or un¬ 
worthy, whether found in a word, a thought, an act or 
a human being, we not only establish a strong opposi¬ 
tion against the abuses of the propensities and gain a 
more perfect self control, but wc command the respect 
of others. Without self respect it is impossible to com¬ 
mand the highest esteem of others; all persons that have 
ever won the respect of the world for their uprightness and 
nobility of character first respected these elements in them¬ 
selves . Combined with the Perceptive Faculties, it 
gives that self sufficiency and reliance upon one’s own 
abilities so essential to success. Millions hold second¬ 
ary positions in life from the want of self confidence; 
many of the most brilliant minds are crowded into 
subordinate positions on account of this weakness, 
while persons of ordinary and even inferior mental 
capacity, hold high and responsible positions, solely 
because they had that self reliance that gave them per¬ 
fect confidence in their own ability, and gained the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


*73 


confidence of others. How often have we observed men 
with superior learning and brilliant minds gathering as 
the constituents and supporters around one whom they 
had chosen as their leader because of his dignity and 
self confidence, but whose actual ability was far inferior 
to that of many of his constituents. Among the Amer¬ 
ican people the sense of Approbation is, as a rule, too 
strong, while Self Reliance is deficient, this inclines 
them to respect the approbation of others too much and 
real worth too little, to seek reputation rather than 
character; the question is, 1 ‘Whatdo my friends, society 
or the world think of me?” rather than, u What do I 
think of myself ?” The sense of approbation is often 
confounded with self esteem; it is Approbation that 
gives the desire for outside show and all of that pomp 
and display of society, while Self Reliance gives that 
independence of feeling and action, regardless of the 
approval or disapproval of others. Approbation puts 
the best on the outside to be seen of the world, Self 
Reliance wants what cannot be seen just as good, sub¬ 
stantial or reliable as its external appearance would 
indicate. The predominance of Self Reliance renders 
the individual too self important, egotistical and offi¬ 
cious; too much inclined to lead, rule and set too high 
an estimate upon personal ability; he is apt to be too 
forward in society; “get above his business,” assume 
responsibilities for which he is not qualified and to 
underrate the ability and worth of others; with the 
intellect moderate, he is apt to forget that he alone has 
a right to be proud or self exalted, who has a due sense 
of reverence for superiors, a respect for the rights of 
others, a breadth of mind, a tenderness of heart and a 
depth of soul that can overlook the faults of the less 
fortunate, and recognize all humanity as members of 
one common family. The self-important, dignified or 
egotistical manner arising from the predominance of 
this sentiment, may at times be offensive to our sense of 
propriety and personal modesty, yet it commands much 


i 74 


FIRMNESS. 


greater respect and is much better for the individual 
than the diffident, undecided, self-depreciating, vacil¬ 
lating, submissive, humiliating tendency caused by its 
deficiency. 

FIRMNESS—(No. 15.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the central 
back portion of the top of the brain; the size of its 
organ is estimated by the height and fullness of the 
top head on a line with the back of the ears. It finds 
expression in the upper lip, its strength being indicated 
by the straightness, stiffness and convexity of the upper 
lip; its activity gives a stiff, firm, rigid, unyielding 
manner to every action. 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 66.—C. H. Pearson, Uv. D. 


Fig. 67.— Albert L,ynch. 


Firmness is that sentiment that gives 
stability, perseverance, fixedness of pur¬ 
pose, decision, tenacity and determina¬ 
tion; it is the primary element of the 
will; it has no special relation to the 
outside world except through other ele- 
fig. 68 . " ments of the mind, neither has it any 
favorites among the elements; it is entirely incapable of 
determining what shall or shall not be done. Its true 
office is to give the property of firmness and stability to 




HUMAN NATURK EXPLAINED. 


175 


whatever feeling or sentiment may be in action ; its lan¬ 
guage is, “Stand there, be firm.” Acting in connection 
with the propensities, it gives dogged persistency to 
selfishness; it tells Courage to never yield, Secretiveness 
to never let go; acting with the affections, it inclines 
them to be steadfast; with the mechanical powers to 
build firm and substantial; with the intellect to give 
persistency to opinion, unwillingness to change; with 
the Moral Sentiments, moral stability, fixedness of 
sentiment, constancy of conviction, determination of 
will. Firmness is especially influenced by tempera¬ 
mental conditions, the Motive Temperament giving it 
a peculiar rigidness that borders on stubbornness. As 
an element in character, Firmness stands as a Samson- 
post, to which all the other elements of the mind are 
stayed. It is of vital importance to the effectual action 
of every mental power; when intellect would give up, 
Firmness sustains; when Conscience would yield to 
temptation, Firmness says, “Stand by your convic¬ 
tions;” when Courage wavers and Caution cries, 
“Run,” Firmness says, “Stand your ground.” It is 
one of the primary elements of self control, the back¬ 
bone of the will, the iron of the character; it gives that 
firmness to conviction that enables one to stand by his 
word. There are times in every person’s life, daily 
and perhaps hourly, when the property of stability or 
firmness is required to sustain some of the other mental 
powers in their actions; it is especially required in 
maintaining our proper relations to others and guarding 
against their undue influence. Two minds never meet 
without exerting an influence over each other; Firmness 
enables each individual to retain his individuality and 
peculiarities. An ivory and a putty ball come in con¬ 
tact; after the collision the ivory ball yet retains its 
perfect spherical form, its normal peculiarities; the 
putty ball is sufficiently dented to have changed from 
its normal condition and shows the impression, or the 
effect of the ivory ball; the difference in the effects of the 


FIRMNESS. 


176 

collision was due to the difference in the firmness of the two; 
in like manner, two minds meet, in one Firmness is 
very strong, in the other it is weak, after coming in 
contact the firm mind retains its peculiarities and opin¬ 
ions, the other will have changed, showing the effects 
of the firmer one. Without Firmness the individuality, 
judgment and opinions would be constantly made over 
by those with whom we come in contact; examples of 
this may be seen in every walk and position in life; the 
individual promises self or others that he will not do a 
certain thing, but once under temptation he yields. An 
audience listens to a powerful debate, the evidence pre¬ 
sented is equal and is presented with equal eloquence 
and power; the last speaker will carry the decision of 
three-fourths of the audience in his favor. The aver¬ 
age juror is more influenced in his decision by the 
eloquence, firmness and magnetic power of the counsel 
than by the evidence in the case. Give an able crim¬ 
inal lawyer who understands human nature the last 
fifteen minutes before a jury—he has selected—and the 
verdict of that jury represents that lawyer’s will and 
the jury trial becomes a farce. 

The predominance of Firmness in persons renders 
them too positive, determined, set in their ways, wilful, 
unyielding, stubborn and unable to appreciate the 
influence of others; such persons will often hold on long 
after they know they are in the wrong; with moderate 
intellect and strong propensities, they manifest a ten¬ 
acity and stubbornness that is decidedly mulish; chil¬ 
dren that are thus endowed are so wilful as to be 
difficult of control, but if properly understood and 
wisely managed, they can early in life be taught to 
govern themselves. It is much better for the child to 
have a firm, strong will, for it will have abundant need 
of the same before it reaches its majority; the wise parent 
will never seek to crush the will , but rather direct it , so as 
to get Firmness on the side of right and justice and 
against selfishness, that the child may become a law 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


177 


unto itself. Children, or adults, in whom Firmness is 
deficient are easily managed, persuaded, influenced, 
directed or controlled, so what may seem like a virtue 
in the child, becomes a weakness in the adult, render¬ 
ing him the victim to the wills of others. 

CONTINUITY—(No. 17.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the upper 
back portion of the brain; the size of its organ is esti¬ 
mated by the height and fullness of the head just back 
or below the crown, or back of Self Reliance. It is 
indicated in the face by straight lines and the length of 
the features, especially the length of the upper lip. 

Strong. Weak. 



Pig. 69.— President Caro. Pig. 70.— J . Eller. 


Those having a long upper lip, long 
features with straight lines, will be 
found to manifest much of this senti¬ 
ment, while those having short features, 
curved lines and a short upper lip will 
be found to be deficient in this power. 
Continuity is that sentiment, or feel¬ 
ing, that gives the power of and inclination to continue 
in the present line of action , feeling, sentiment or thought; 
the inclination to hold on, persist in and stick to what¬ 
ever is being done; it is the principal element in persis- 



FiG. 71. 



CONTINUITY. 


I 7 8 

tent application; it gives fixedness to energy, fidelity to 
effection, persistency to Approbation, patience to Con¬ 
structiveness, application to study, thoroughness to 
investigation; constancy to the sentiments, and stick-to - 
it-tiveness to every'element of the mind. It is like Firm¬ 
ness in being related to all of the other elements of the 
mind, rather than to the external world; its specific 
function being to incline whatever element is under its 
influence to continue in that line; it is pleased by mon¬ 
otony and grieved by change. It is a very essential 
element, for without it the other forces would change 
so quickly from one thing to another as to be ineffectual 
in their efforts; all great accomplishments require per¬ 
sistent application, hence its importance. 

The influence of Continuity u,pon character is most 
manifest; among the American people it is universally 
wanting, hence the tendency to change from one thing 
to another; in Europe mechanics and professional men 
spend five or seven years in preparing for their life 
work, and then continue in that one line throughout 
life, their children following in their footsteps genera¬ 
tion after generation; the Americans, are unwilling to 
spend over three years in preparation and are ever 
ready to let go of one thing lo try something else; it is 
one of the weakest elements in the American’s charac¬ 
ter. A very large percent of life’s energy and ambition 
is spent in changing from one thing to another. Mind 
is a limited quantity; the more it is spread the thinner 
it gets and the less effectual it will be in its efforts; 
millions are making failures of life by scattering their 
forces. One thing at a time and that done well , is what 
makes life's efforts tell. Where Continuity is strong and 
combines with selfishness, it continues that selfishness; 
combined with auger and hate, it may continue until 
revenge can be had, while without Continuity the angry 
and revengful feeling—though most bitter for the 
moment—will soon pass by. It is strong Continuity 
that makes one sulk when angry; it combines with 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 179 

Courage and Firmness to make one continue in the 
stand he has taken, or “fight it out on this line if it 
takes all summer;” combined with Acquisitiveness it 
gives that constant, plodding tendency to hold on 
to the one business, even though not very pros¬ 
perous, and if Caution be strong, the individual can 
scarcely be induced to change; when working with the 
mechanical powers it gives persistency of application, 
the tedious holding on to completion, the unwillingness 
to give up until the work is finished; when acting with 
the intellect, it gives application to study, the tendency 
to pore over and wade through whatever is undertaken. 
It gives the tendency to hold on to preconcieved opin¬ 
ions, old ways of thinking and doing things; it is 
opposed to change of methods or plans; it prefers the 
old home, the old school; it stands in opposition to 
fashion and change; acting with Language, it tells long 
stories, and makes one prolix and tedious; combined 
with the Moral Sentiments, it gives constancy to charac¬ 
ter, faithfulness to obligation and preference to “the 
old-time religion.” The deficiency of Continuity ren¬ 
ders the energies spasmodic in action, the affections 
fickle and changeable, the intellect notionate, the judg¬ 
ment oscillating and the character variable. 


l8o THE SEMI-INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. 

THE SEJTMNTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS (7), 

/fpONSISTING of Constructiveness (18), Ideality 
(19), Sublimity (20), Imitation (21), Mirthfulness 
(22), Agreeableness (23), and Human Nature (24), are 
manifested through that portion of the brain that forms 
the upper front side head and front portion of the top 
head; the size of their organs is estimated by the height, 
width and fullness of the above portions of the head. 
They find expression mainly through the upper part of 
the face and in the eyes. Their activity produces a 
graceful step, elegance in manner, artistic modulation 
in the voice and an agreeable, pleasant expression to the 


Strong. 


Moderate . 



face; their deficiency has an opposite effect. The Semi- 
Intellectual Sentiments are those elements in man’s 
nature that give mechanical and constructive power; 
the ability and inclination to build, make and invent 
such things as are conducive to the preservation of life 
and its gratification; the appreciation for the beautiful, 
the ideal, the artistic, that the soul may be brought in 
harmony with the poetry of the mountain side, the 
beauty of the babbling brooks and the music of their 
songs;'"the tendency to beautify, decorate, finish, and 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. ibl 

make everything in such a way that artistic finish 
crowns utility; the love of and appreciation for the sub¬ 
lime, the grand, the awful, so that the roar of the 
cataract, the rainbow of peace in the heavens, the mad 
surging of old ocean, or the roll of distant thunder, 
strikes a responsive chord in the human heart; the power 
of and inclination to imitate and reproduce, so that the 
delicate tints that the sun god paints in kissing the 
fleecy clouds good night, or the varigated shades of 
beauty preserved in the rose reappear on the canvas of 
the artist, so that long after the shadows of nightfall 
have burnished the clouds and the tint has faded from 
the rose, they yet remain a thing of beauty on the can¬ 
vas; the power to pattern after mechanical forms, to 
imitate manners, gestures, intonations, to personate and 
reproduce whatever has once been seen or heard; the 
appreciation for the ludicrous, wit and humor, giving an 
inclination to laugh at incongruities and make sport of 
what, if seriously considered, would be really painful; 
the agreeable, pleasing faculty—the angel of smiles, 
that would cover up every disagreeable thing in life 
with one wing, while she wafts sweet music of joy and 
peace to the whole world with the other—giving the 
inclination to always be agreeable regardless of condi¬ 
tions within or without; the instinctive intuition of the 
character and nature of others—that sensitive plate of 
the soul, that photographs within our own natures the 
true character of the stranger—that enables us to feel 
and by this feeling know, who to and who not to trust; 
to understand the requirements and longings of others 
and come in harmony with them, that we may know 
what tongue or manner may not reveal. 

These are fitly called the Semi-Intellectual Senti¬ 
ments, sentiments in this, that they are instincts and 
give instinctive appreciation for mechanism, art, beauty, 
poetry and harmony in human nature and in the world 
without, while in their associations with the Perceptive 
Faculties, they form a very important part of that 


182 the semi-intellectual sentiments. 


higher intelligence essential to human progress and the 
perfection of character. They give direction to energy, 
that force may be expended in constructing and beauti¬ 
fying the necessities of life; they give delicacy and 
artistic finish even to the appetites and passions; agreea¬ 
bleness and suavity to manner; direction and perfection 
to ambition; beauty, harmony and sublimity to senti¬ 
ment; creative fancy, mimicry, wit and imagination to 
intellect; they are of pre-eminent importance in the 
advancement of mankind and the perfection of character. 
They are self perfecting in this, that their natural 
activity ever constructs, creates and beautifies an ideal, 
holds it above the possibilities of the real, lifts it as fast 
as idealism becomes realism, and thereby ever entice 
the individual onward and upward. 

In the history of civilization, these sentiments have 
played a most important part; by their constructive 
power and creative fancy every step that has been taken 
in the mechanical arts, from the sewing of the fig leaves 
together to the moving of the machinery of the world 
by the touching of a button, has been due to their activ¬ 
ity; every stitch of clothing worn, every house that 
shields man from the storm, every picture that decorates 
the wall, every mechanical contrivance that adds to 
man’s comforts in life, every piece of art, everything 
that shows man’s handiwork stands as a monument to 
the creative genius of these powers. Their effect upon 
character is as distinctive as upon mechanism and art; 
they tend to construct, beautify, adorn and perfect the 
character; they give grace, music and poetry to the soul 
quite as much as they do to mechanism and art; all lit¬ 
erature, science, art, and mechanical devices are but the 
materialization, the physical expressions of thoughts, 
concepts and inventions of these sentiments, aided by 
the intellect. The predominance of these powers in 
persons renders them too imaginative, fanciful, ingenious, 
poetical, ludicrous, so agreeable as to be deceitful; too 
imitative, too intuitional and susceptible, too idealistic; 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 183 

while their deficiency has an opposite influence on the 
character; it renders the energies crude and uncouth; the 
appetites coarse; the affections and feelings rough and 
indelicate; the sentiments dull and wanting in poetry; 
the intellect materialistic and void of all fancy, beauty 
and imagination. The effects of these sentiments upon 
mind and character can better be understood by study¬ 
ing the specific function of each. 

CONSTRUCTIVENESS.—(No. 18.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through that portion 
of the brain forming the upper front side head; the size 
of its organ is estimated by the width of the head just 
back of the angle of the upper part of the forehead, or 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 74—Joe Bailey. Fig. 75.—Milo A- Jewett. 

about two inches upward and backward from the outer 
angle of the eye, just in front of Acquisitiveness. Con¬ 
structiveness, is the sentiment that gives the power of 
and inclination to build, construct, make, put together; 
it is one of the primary elements in invention. T he inclina¬ 
tion and ability to build and construct is found in many 
animals, birds and insects, while others seem totally want¬ 
ing in this instinct. Man placed on an island among 
wild beasts and reptiles compelled to defend himself and 
secure the necessities of life, without the aid of Con- 




CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 


184 

structiveness, would stand a very poor show in the 
survival of the fittest; almost any of the lower animals 
are better prepared by nature for securing the necessi¬ 
ties of life and protecting themselves against destructive 
enemies and change of season than man. By the power 
of Constructiveness, in the primitive man, implements 
were made to aid him in securing the necessities of life 
and to protect him from carnivorous animals; clothing 
and homes were constructed to shield him from the 
blistering sun or the chilling storm; gradually Con¬ 
structiveness, aided by intelligence, ornamented by 
Ideality, inspired by necessity, has invented, contrived 
and brought forth all of the necessities and most of the 
comforts of life; thus in the march of civilization, Con¬ 
structiveness has been the master workman in mechan¬ 
ical arts, doing perhaps more than any other one 
sentiment to promote progress. Among the world’s 
benefactors, we question if any have done more to supply 
the world’s necessities, add to its comforts, lighten its 
labors, quicken its pace, fire its ambitions, enlighten its 
intellect, or feed its sentiments, than has the inventor. 
By the power of invention the forces of the universe 
have been, and are, daily harnessed to do the bidding of 
man; it is impossible to estimate how much of our 
civilization, the necessities and comforts of life come to 
us through inventive genius; destroy the inventive 
power that comes from Constructiveness and in a few 
generations man would stand face to face with nature, 
knowing not how to clothe or protect himself. Con¬ 
structiveness is an element of mind that everybody, 
regardless of wealth or position, should assiduously 
cultivate, unless it be naturally very strong. In mer¬ 
chandising, without Constructiveness, the merchant is 
incapable of judging of the construction, and therefore 
value of the goods; on the farm, there is scarcely a day 
that mechanical power is not needed; among the pro¬ 
fessions, it is indispensable; the force of an argument, 
the validity of a contract, the legality of an instrument, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 185 

the power of an oration, the value of a book or essay 
depends largely upon its construction, even in a life of 
leisure, one needs Constructiveness in the arrangement 
and beautifying of his home as well as in the selection 
of the clothes to be worn; so there is no place where it 
can well be dispensed with. It should early be excited 
in children by calling their attention to the way things 
are made, and pointing out the perfections and imperfec¬ 
tions of every manufactured article about them. If 
every boy could have a kit of tools with which to work 
and a little room where he could develop his mechanical 
skill, it would be far less expensive and much more 
profitable than keeping him on the street. 

Constructiveness when strong will find expression 
somewhere, though not always in a mechanical way; it 
may combine with Acquisitiveness and the Perceptive 
Faculties giving the planning, scheming tendency, 
inventing ways and means of making money; combin¬ 
ing with Calculation to construct plans to take the 
advantage of fluctuations in trade (where the tendency 
is this way, the organ of Constructiveness will be 
developed towards Acquisitiveness); when working 
with the literary faculties, it aids in the construction of 
sentences, the arrangement of subject matter; it helps 
the conveyancer in the construction of deeds, the orator 
in the building of periods and sentences; combined with 
the Perceptive Faculties it give the mechanical, con¬ 
structive turn; combined with the Reasoning Faculties 
and Ideality the inventive, creative, imaginative, castle 
building tendency, this without a strong perceptive 
power renders the inventor visionary and impractical, 
whereas, if the Perceptive Faculties are strong and the 
energies good, the inventor will always think of the 
utility of his plan, and will endeavor to make it as prac¬ 
tical and simple as possible. Those in whom this 
sentiment is deficient are unable to build, construct, 
plan, invent or correctly arrange things; they may have 
most excellent thoughts, but lack the ability to arrange 


186 


IDEALITY. 


them in their most effectual relations; it cripples them 
as business men, for they are unable to judge of the 
probable utility of the new and untried, to appreciate or 
make others appreciate the construction of an article. 
With poor Constructiveuess, the dentist, the doctor, or 
the surgeon is awkward and bunglesome and the farmer, 
the stock raiser, or the horticulturist has to botch up 
whatever is broken or take it to the shop. 

IDEALITY.—(No. 19.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through that portion of 
the brain forming the extreme upper front corner of the 
side head; the size of its organ is estimated by the 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 76.— Myrtle Sprague. Fig. 77.— Hon. Simon Fraser. 

heighth and width of the head just back of the 
upper corner of the forehead, or above Construct¬ 
iveness. Its activity gives a graceful easy step, 
artistic, polished manners and an air of finish and 
elegance. Ideality is the sentiment that gives the love 
of and appreciation for the beautiful, the artistic, the 
poetic, the ideal, the perfect; it takes cognizance of the 
beautiful in all nature and reflects it in human life; it 
adorns utility with artistic finish; it is the primary ele¬ 
ment in creative fancy; the inspirer of poetry, the 
perfector of music and the artist of the soul. Its activity 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 187 

gives ease and polish to manner, elegance to diction, res¬ 
onance to the voice, delicacy to the feelings, refinement 
to appetite, sentiment to love, altitude to ambition, 
grace to dignity, finish to construction, fancy to 
reason, euphony to language, soul to poetry, beauty to 
sentiment, and adorns the entire nature with artistic 
finish, refinement, beauty, rythm and harmony. It 
revels in the beauties of nature; it gathers the tints of 
the rainbow, the blush of the fleecy cloud, the color of 
the rose, the symmetry of natural forms, the dazzling 
crystals of the snow clad cliffs, and weaves them into 
boquets of glory and garlands of beauty and uses them 
to ornament the clothing, purify the mind and perfect the 
soul. It is substantially the idealizing faculty; it seeks 
to perfect and beautify the manifestation of every other 
feeling and sentiment of the mind. In combination with 
the appetites, it would hold them from their gross 
animal expressions and compel them to be delicate; it 
dislikes angularity and would give roundness, curve, 
grace and beauty to every motion, gesture and expres¬ 
sion; it is not contented to allow love to subsist on 
realities but it endows the loved one with all that is beauti¬ 
ful, admirable and desirable in human nature, wreathes 
beauty and sentiment into its every desire and perfumes 
the breath of love with the soul of poetry. Ideality holds 
an ideal high above ambition and by its magnetic 
charm draws the life upward; it will not allow rigid, 
stiff dignity to stand out in angularity, but insists that 
grace and beauty alone make dignity admirable; it tells 
Approbation that if it would win the approval of others, 
it must decorate, adorn and ornament with elegant dress, 
it must be harmonious, graceful and gentle in manner; it 
is not satisfied with the straight lines and utility of 
things as Constructiveness makes them, but insists on 
rounding the corners, introducing curves, embellishing, 
ornamenting and beautifying, so that in every manu¬ 
factured article on the market almost as much labor and 
money are expended in ornamentation and decoration 


188 


ideality. 


as in utility, in order that Ideality may be gratified. It 
can not put up with a plain statement, a simple declara¬ 
tion, a cold, mechanical, logical expression of a truth, 
but insists on weaving the language into festoons of 
beauty and clothing the thoughts in poetic imagery, so 
that every sentence may be a thing of beauty, and every 
word have in it the rythm of music. It combines with 
the Moral Sentiments to give perfectness, symmetry 
and loveliness to character; it makes one love goodness, 
purity and virtue in his own nature and admire it in 
others; it hears music in the wind, sees beauty in all 
nature, and by the torch-light of Spirituality mounts up 
the ladder of Hope until it reaches that beautiful city 
with walls of jasper and foundations garnished with all 
manner of precious stones, with gates of pearl, streets of 
pure gold, with God sitting enthroned in its midst and 
and the whole aglow with the glorious light that ever 
radiates from His sublime majesty. 

Ideality, like Constructiveness, is a quality that can 
safely be cultivated in all, save the very few in whom it 
predmominates; it is almost as influential in elevating 
the appetites and propensities, softening and ennobling 
the manner, beautifying and perfecting the character as 
the Moral Sentiments. The attention of children should 
early be called to the beauty of things, the graceful 
curves to be found in the leaf or the petal of the flower, 
the rainbow in the dew drop, the ever varying prisms 
in the snow flake, the beauty of the fields or forest, that 
the beauties of nature may early make their impress 
upon the young mind and help to perfect the character; 
they should be taught to do, act and say everything in 
the most graceful and artistic manner possible; let them 
be surronnded with flowers, pictures and beautiful 
scenery; often call their attention to such things and 
sooner or later the flowers will bloom in the children’s 
minds, the pictures will materialize in their actions, and 
the beauty will be seen in their characters. In a sense, 
our minds are like mirrors, ever reflecting what is thrown 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. l8g 

upon them; some are very sensitive, like the glass in the 
great telescope, in which worlds may be seen that are 
invisible to the ordinary glass; others, unfortunately, 
respond very little and reflect very little. By this 
reflection of nature, art has been perfected; the beauti¬ 
ful forms and tints that man has produced are but copies 
from the Master Artist of the universe; the poetry and 
song of men are but reflections of the poetry of the 
mountain side and the music of her babbling brooks. 
Crude mechanical surroundings tend to destroy Ideality, 
while beautiful scenery and artistic surroundings in¬ 
crease its power. The eye of beauty grows by feeding; 
no place in America are flowers so much appreciated as 
in the sun-kissed land of California, where they bloom 
in gorgeous beauty all the year round. America’s best 
poems are yet to be written, her sweetest music is yet 
to be heard; her poetry and music thus far have been 
inspired by the rolling hills and winding streams of the 
East, but when the lofty peaks, the snow-capped mount¬ 
ains, the roaring cataracts, the clear skies and the 
balmy breezes, rich with the perfume from the mag¬ 
nolia, orange groves and perennial flowers of the far 
West become the inspiration of the poet, he will produce 
poetry such as the world has never known, and America 
will be charmed as never before* by her own sweet 
music, as inspired by the transcendant beauty, match¬ 
less sublimity and magnificent grandeur of our own 
Italy. 

The predominance of Ideality inclines persons to be too 
dreamy, poetic, sentimental, fanciful and inclined to sacri¬ 
fice all real worth to gratify the godess of beauty; the appe¬ 
tites are so delicate as to be fastidious; the affections too 
dreamy for the realities of life; the imagination too 
visionary; they are inclined to decorate at the expense 
of real worth; the mechanic thus endowed will spend 
more time in “finishing” a thing than it took to make 
it; the speaker so constituted is apt to indulge in poetic 
metaphor to such an extent as to obscure the truth. 


190 


SUBLIMITY. 


Its deficiency leaves the manner crude, the gestures 
angular, the appetites coarse, the affections common 
place, the imagination tame, the language void of 
metaphor and beauty, the style mechanical, and the 
whole nature wanting in beauty of expression, poetry 
of thought and ideality of sentiment. 

SUBLIMITY.—(No. 20.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the extreme 
upper part of the middle side head; the size of its organ 
is indicated by the height, width and fullness of the 
head, just where the side head rounds off to form the 

Strong. Weak. 


Fig. 78.—F. F. Copeland, IF. D. 

top, on a line directly 
of the ear, or just above Acquisitiveness. Sublimity is 
the sentiment that gives the love of and apprciation for 
the sublime, the grand, the awful, the omnipotent, the 
infinite; it rejoices in the roar of the cataract, the heaving 
of old ocean, the flash of the lightning, the roll of the 
thunder, the clashing of armies, the rumble of artillery, 
the vastness of the plains, the terribleness of the storm, 
the awfulness of the earthquake, the lofty peak of the 
mountain, the darkness of the threatening cloud, the 
vastness of space, the endlessness of time, the thought 
of eternity, the grandeur of heaven and the wonders of 



Fig. 79.—David M. Clough. 

upward from the front 




HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 191 

God. It combines with every other element of the mind 
to give to each the property of vastness , thereby tending 
to produce breadth of mind , depth of soul and height of 
imagination. Combined with the energies it prefers 
great undertakings; it incites Approbation to do some¬ 
thing unusual, wonderful or awe-inspiring; combined 
with Constructiveness, it builds on a large scale, tun¬ 
nels the mountains, spans the chasm, or erects the tower 
to altitudes that makes one shudder to look down from 
its dizzy heights; combined with the intellectual fac¬ 
ulties it inclines them to take a broad and comprehen¬ 
sive view of subjects; with strong Language, it aids and 
inclines the speaker or writer to use adjectives descrip¬ 
tive of wonder, grandeur or the awful, to construct 
metaphors that are the imagery of the sublime, the 
vast, the infinite or the eternal; it aids imagination in 
its attempt to grasp the vastness of the universe; it 
inspires Calculation to count the stars, and urges 
Locality and Time to estimate their relation, velocity 
and duration; it combines with the Moral Sentiments 
to broaden human kindness and deepen sympathy; it 
enlarges our conceptions of God, His infinite wisdom, 
boundless mercy, omnipresent power and the grandeurs 
of immortality. It is substantially different from Ideal¬ 
ity in this, that it is concerned and satisfied only with 
the grand, the sublime and the awe-inspiring, while 
Ideality can see beauty in the dewdrop or the petal of 
a rose, as well as in the bow of peace that spans the 
heavens or the granite shaft that pierces the sky; 
Sublimity would rejoice in the grandeur of the granite 
shaft or the rainbow as it spanned the sky, but would 
have no appreciation for a single prism of the granite or 
the miniature rainbow in the dewdrop. They differ 
quite as much in their influence upon mind and charac¬ 
ter as in their objective view, Ideality giving the prop¬ 
erty of beauty to each element, Sublimity the property 
of largeness or vastness. 

Sublimity and Caution have exerted a very import- 


192 


SUBLIMITY. 


ant influence over man’s religious character; they played 
upon the credulity of primitive man until superstition 
converted the forces of nature into gods having appe¬ 
tites and passions like men, but possessed of wonderful 
gifts and unlimited powers. Man, being selfish, cruel, 
brutal and revengeful, he naturally endowed his gods 
with like qualities superhuman in extent. The phe¬ 
nomenal manifestations of nature gave sufficient proof 
to his credulous mind of the reality of these monsters of 
fancy and superstition; the terribleness of these gods 
excited Caution into fear lest they should destroy man, 
thus awfulness became the leading characteristic of his 
gods and fear the most influential factor of his supersti¬ 
tion. From the birth of mythology to the dawn of 
Christianity, fear of offending, and consequent punish¬ 
ment by the offended gods, was the incentive to right 
action; the belief that the gods possessed like appetites 
and propensities with men, gave rise to sacrificial offer¬ 
ings to appease their supposed wrath. Even in the 
march of Christianity, where imagination has been 
materially aided by revelation in forming a true concep¬ 
tion of the nature of God and the relations that man 
bears to His will, fear has played quite as important a 
part as love, quite as many are impelled to do right, be 
honest, attend church, aid the poor and perform other 
religious duties, through the sense of fear of merited 
punishment, as through the sense of justice or the love 
of our Heavenly Father. 

The predominance of Sublimity in persons inclines 
them to enlarge upon things; it is often seen in the 
child and not infrequently in the adult giving a ten¬ 
dency to exaggerate. It give the property of expansive¬ 
ness to imagination; writers and speakers so endowed, 
especially, where Approbation is strong, are prone to 
give exaggerated accounts and indulge in metaphor that 
is decidedly too large for a correct, or even harmonious 
description of the facts. This tendency to exaggeration, 
arising from the abuse of Sublimity, is most annoying 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 193 

in children and no less unworthy in maturer. minds. 
The exaggerated expressions, the unauthenticated statis¬ 
tics, and the unwarranted declarations found in the 
daily press and heard from the platform, if not from the 
pulpit, relative^to the conditions of society, growing 
evils, intemperance, crime, etc., are but the public 
expressions of an excited Sublimity, or reflections from 
its conceptions of the awfulness of things. While the 
predominance of Sublimity and its abuses may have 
inflated the imagination to a harmful degree in many 
characters, its deficiency is no less destructive to the 
progress of truth; the absence of Sublimity leaves the 
mind incapable of grasping the vastness of things, the 
greatnesr; of good or evil, the awfulness of the harm 
that maf arise from a single wrong, or the wonderful 
good that may come from a single act of kindness. 
Persons with weak Sublimity estimate the effects of 
thoughts, acts and characters by the influence they 
exert upon the minds immediately associated with them; 
while those with strong Sublimity, reach out in their 
imagination and feel their influence for good or evil 
revibrating from the center to the circumference of the 
great sea of humanity, stretching from the day of their 
existence into the aeons of eternity, tending to degrade 
their fellow man lower and lower to the depths of hell, 
or elevate him higher and higher to the heights of 
heaven into the presence of his God. It is Sublimity 
that makes the intellect take a broad view of things, 
that makes Conscience love a universal justice, that 
makes Kindness love all humanity and that makes Ven¬ 
eration revere an All-wise, Omnipotent God. Without 
Sublimity, the person may have strong reasoning 
powers, Kindness, Conscience or Veneration, but his 
sphere of activity will be limited; thus we often see 
persons very kind to those immediately around them, 
that evince none of that broader love of humanity; 
again, we see those who are capable of reasoning most 
accurately and calculating correctly on things immedi- 


imitation. 


194 

ately about them, that are totally lost when they 
attempt to grasp the philosophy of history, the logic of 
events, or to peer into the star-spangled dome of the 
heavens to study their wonderful mysteries. Sublimity 
is annoyed by whatever is little, narrow or insignificant, 
whether found in mind or matter, in an act or a char¬ 
acter; it is pleased with whatever is large, broad or 
capacious, in whatever realm these qualities may be 
found; combined with other elements, it despises narrow 
views and littleness in character, but admires the com¬ 
prehensive thought and loves the great soul that is broad 
enough and deep enough to throb in sympathy with the 
whole world. 

IMITATION—(No. 21.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the front por¬ 
tion of the top of the brain; the size of its organ is 
indicated by the height and fullness of the extreme 


Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 80.—Elihu Vedder. Fig. 81.—Matthew Simpson. 


front part of the top head—on each side—about an inch 
and a half from the medium line, or directly above the 
front part of Ideality. Its specific expression can not 
be described, since its activity imitates , mimics and 
mirrors whatever is thrown upon it and it is, therefore 
ever-changing, but its strength may be estimated by 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED,, 1 95 

this imitating tendency. Imitation is the sentiment 
that gives the power and inclination to imitate, mimic, 
copy and pattern after, reflect impressions and personate; 
it is an instinct possessed by many of the lower ani¬ 
mals; it is the distinguishing trait of the mocking bird. 
In man it stands as a mirror, and in proportion as it is 
perfect will the mind be able and inclined to reflect 
what is thrown upon it. In its co-ordination with other 
powers, it carries with it the specific property of imita¬ 
tion , enabling every element to repeat what it has once 
manifested, or the mind as a whole, to do what it has 
once done; to reflect, mimic or imitate what has been 
thrown upon it. Acting through the mind, with the 
motor nerves, it enables one to imitate the motions, 
expressions, actions, attitudes, walk, manners, ges¬ 
tures and expressions of others. Imitation is an 
indispensible factor in all branches of mechanism and 
art; a very large per cent of all the mechanical work 
done is but imitating well-known forms and combina¬ 
tions, the same may be said of works of art. The 
degree of perfection with which one will be able to 
work after a pattern, imitate or reproduce any piece of 
art, will be determined not only by the strength of 
Imitation, but by Constructiveness, Ideality and the 
Perceptive Faculties. Through the Perceptive Facul¬ 
ties one observes the relative position, form, size, color, 
shade and appearance of things, and by the power of Imita¬ 
tion reproduces them in mechanism and art. Combined 
with Time and Tune, Imitation gives the power to 
reproduce tones; many who pass for accomplished musi¬ 
cians have really ordinary ability so far as Time and 
Tune are concerned, but by the power of Imitation and 
Ideality, they personate the voice and intonations of the 
prima donna and pass for artists. Imitation combined 
with an active temperament, lively imagination, strong 
Human Nature, deep feelings and sentiments, give the 
power of the actor; the ability to take on the manners, 
facial expressions, character, sentiments and feelings cf 


IMITATION. 


196 

others; the power to affect every feeling, emotion, sen¬ 
timent and condition of the human soul; to pass from 
love to hate, from gay to grave, from- smiles to tears, 
from kindness to cruelty, from candor to deception, 
from prayer to blasphemy. When Imitation is strong 
in the actor, the orator, the lecturer, or the preacher, it 
is impossible to tell whether he is in earnest or affecting 
the qualities he expresses. 

Imitation, like all other elements, may be engaged 
by the Selfish Propensities to gain their desired ends, 
and thereby aid in deception. By the power of Imita¬ 
tion people affect whatever qualities or actions seem 
most expedient; the lover affects the manners of the 
true gentleman, is polite, liberal, kind and most atten¬ 
tive, because his intellect tel'ls him these qualities will 
win admiration and love; if he accidentally says some¬ 
thing that wounds the feelings of the loved one, he will 
affect an attitude of penitence that would inspire the 
balm of forgiveness in the coldest heart; he may be in 
earnest, it may have all been affected through the power 
of Imitation, future actions will alone determine. In 
every business and profession in which man engages, in 
every relation of man to his fellowman, deception is 
practiced through the power of Imitation, people effec 
tually pretending to be what they are not. The abuses 
of Imitation are everywhere to be seen, but are espe 
cially apparent where Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness, 
have employed it, and Constructiveness, to produce fac¬ 
similes, counterfeit money, forge signatures, plate goods 
and otherwise manufacture things that are cheap and 
valueless, yet look exactly, and are to all appearances, 
like the genuine; it is a question, however, whether 
Imitation merits any more condemnation for such asso¬ 
ciations, than when it works with Secretiveness and 
Approbation in the eloquent orator and enables him to 
affect sentiments and feelings, convictions and desires 
that are entirely foreign to his nature. 

I11 the evolution of the human race, Imitation has 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


197 

been a very important factor, and is today one of the 
most essential elements in education. By the power of 
imitation, each generation has been able to do readily 
what its preceeding generation had wrought out by 
years of patient effort, application and study; thus each 
successive generation has early mastered the language, 
the works and the ways of its predecessor, and then was 
free to go on chiseling its way up the steeps to higher 
and higher altitudes. In the home, the child soon 
learns to imitate the language, actions and manners of 
the family, and here comes the power of example. 
Children, through Imitation, are ever patterning after 
the language and manners of others, whether good or 
bad. Throughout man’s entire education and existence, 
a very large per cent of all that he does is performed 
through imitation; modes of speech, style of dress, 
habits of life, ways of doing and even modes of abstrac¬ 
tion and reasoning, as well as styles of writing and con¬ 
structing, are largely done by imitation. None are 
entirely original and but very few manifest any marked 
degree of originality. Imitation has no conception of 
the propriety of an act, word, tone, feeling or senti¬ 
ment; its function being to reflect, to reproduce; it works 
just as freely with propensity as with sentiment, for 
evil as for good. Where Imitation is combined with 
the intellect faculties and Moral Sentiments in learning 
and patterning after the good its manifestations are most 
commendable, but since its powers for evil are equally 
strong, when working with perverted propensities, it 
should be carefully guarded that it may not imitate the 
bad. Those in whom Imitation is very strong are 
greatly inclined to pattern after others, and are therefore 
strongly influenced by their environments; unless Firmness, 
Self Reliance and Conscience be strong, they are apt to 
be so modified by their associates as to have no fixed 
character; they take on for the time being the condi¬ 
tions, manners, feelings and desires of those with whom 
they are associated—-here imitation overcomes individu- 


MIRTHFULNESS. 


198 

ality; if the other elements of the character be strong, 
they will have the power to be or not to be themselves 
or anybody else at will. Strong Imitation often com¬ 
bines with Mirthfulness, giving the quality of mimicry 
and ludicrous personation. Where Imitation is defi¬ 
cient, the mechanical powers seem unable to work after 
a pattern; Tune can not play by ear; Language finds it 
difficult to reproduce tones; Ideality can see beauty, but 
can not copy it; Human Nature may understand charac¬ 
ter but can not personate; memory and originality must 
sustain the mind or it is unable to receive an education. 

MIRTHFULNESS—(No. 22.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment or instinct is manifested through 
that portion of the brain forming the upper corners of 

Strong. Moderate 



Fig. 82.—J. G. Wright. Fig. 83.—John Conrad. 

the forehead; the size of its organ is indicated by the 
height and forward prominence of the corners of the 
forehead. It finds expression in every line of the face, 
having a tendency to produce curves rather than angles, 
giving a pleased, mirthful expression to the face, a 
twinkle to the eye; it is especially indicated by the 
outer corners of the mouth; where mirth is strong, from 
repeated laughter and smiles, the corners of the mouth 
turn up, while the constant seriousness on account of 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


199 


deficient mirtli, turns the corners of the mouth down. 

Mirthfulness is that sentiment that gives the love of 
and appreciation for the ludicrous, the droll, the witty, 
the laughable; it is the fun-loving instinct; it is excited 
by incongruities in manner, appearance, relation, 
speech or sentiment; it sees the ludicronsness of any 
inharmonious combination in thought, word or deed, 
and rejoices at the incongruity; it is the basis of wit 
and humor. In co-ordination with other elements of 
the mind, Mirthfulness becomes the joker; it will work 
for hours with the energies and Secretiveness to put up 
a trick on a friend, play a practical joke and then laugh 
at the predicament so caused; the pleasure it thus 
enjoys in anticipation and realization quite compensates 
for the effort; combined with the Social Feelings, it 
delights in the innocent jest and merriment among 
friends; coupled with irritated energies, it becomes the 
cutting edge of the sword of satire and the free lance'of 
repartee, so that wit is employed as much in sarcasm 
and ridicule as in the expression of things of a more 
pleasing nature. Combined with the intellectual facul¬ 
ties, it gives the mirthful, witty, jocose way of the 
humorist, the tendency to turn everything to a laugh; 
the inclination and ability to formulate in the mind 
ludicrous expressions, puns and incongruities that can 
not help but excite the sense of laughter in others; with 
Imitation added, it gives the power to personate or 
relate these incongruities so as to make them most 
ludicrous and laughable; combined with the artistic 
powers, it gives the ability to see the ludicrousness of 
situations and combinations, and by the aid of Imita¬ 
tion these conceptions are reproduced, giving us the 
laughable pictures of the caricaturist—the joker in art; 
combined with strong Language, it rejoices in telling 
funny stories, saying witty things and making people 
laugh. Mirthfulness is the distinctive element in the 
humorist, the funny man; with strong Secretiveness and 
moderate Activity, the humor will be of a dry, droll 


200 


MIRTHFULNESS. 


character, while with a lively imagination, an active 
temperament, it will be quick and responsive. 

The specific influence of Mirthfulness over each ele¬ 
ment of the mind is to give to it the properties of 
mirth, joy, pleasure, fun, gladness. As an element in 
mind, its value can not be over estimated; it is like a 
refreshing breeze at midday when one is sweltering 
under a parching sun; it is the stream of gladness that 
drives away all sadness; it is the sparkling light that 
dispels the night; it is the balm of sorrow that would 
cheer us for the morrow; it is like the music of the bab¬ 
bling brook that cheers us with its laughing melody as 
we climb the steeps of life. Its activity promotes all of 
the vital functions; it aids digestion, quickens the-circu¬ 
lation, increases respiration, promotes the activity of 
the liver, increases vitality, and in every way “doeth 
good like a medicine.” “Laugh and grow fat,” is a 
maxim as true as it is familiar; it should always be 
associated with its companion piece, “Cry and die; get 
lean and be mean.” 

Those who never laugh, do not know how much of 
life they are really missing, or what an injury they are 
doing themselves by their serious manner and solemn- 
choly ways; they seem to forget that God placed the 
instinct of Mirthfulness in man’s nature to be used, and 
the fact that its cerebral location is just at the cross¬ 
roads of the intellect and the Moral Sentiments, Agree¬ 
ableness and Appetite, is conclusive evidence that He 
intended it to co-ordinate most fully and freely with 
these higher elements. Some there are who seem to 
think it as great a sin to smile as to break one of the 
commandments; their faces are developed perpendicu¬ 
larly rather than laterally; the corners of the mouth 
have gone down to meet the corners of the collar; the 
nose is streaked with parallel lines and the whole face 
looks as if nature had made it by contract and made a 
botch of the job. “There is nothing so good as a good 
hearty laugh;” teachers, parents and preachers may say 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 201 

and do all they can to suppress the spirit of Mirtliful- 
ness, but sooner or later, it will\ should and must have 
expression , and those who would be successful in train¬ 
ing the young, directing the mind, entertaining the 
public, or even in quickening and giving life and 
strength to the higher Moral Sentiments, must recog¬ 
nize this sentiment of mirth, and gratify it to a proper 
degree. The constant drill, drill of the schoolroom, 
th^ toil at the bench or in the counting-room robs this 
sentiment of its natural or free manifestations, so that 
when people get an evening out, they will pay more 
money for the comedy-farce than the play where strong 
characters are displayed; they will give a dollar to hear 
the humorist rather than io cents to hear an able lec¬ 
ture on the most important subject. Much of truth is 
lost for want of appropriate mirth to intersperse it; 
truth without mirth is like a play without a lover , or a 
novel without a secret , unattractive to the average mind. 
Let mirth be cultivated; give it free and full expression 
on all appropriate occasions; let young and old rejoice 
alike in innocent fun and ludicrous incongruities, and it 
will do more for the health of the people than patent 
medicines; let the church entertain her young with 
innocent mirth, and it will do much to keep them from 
the comedy-farce and theater of disrepute. 

AGREE ABLENESS—(No. 23.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through that portion 
of the brain forming the extreme upper part of the 
forehead; the size of its organ is estimated by the dis¬ 
tance from the medulla oblongata to a point just where 
the forehead rounds off to form the top head—on each 
side—about an inch and a quarter from the medium 
line, or just in front of Imitation. Its activity is indi¬ 
cated by a happy, agreeable, pleasing expression, a 
pleasant manner, a graceful bow, a mobile countenance. 

Agreeableness is the sentiment that gives the sense of 
urbanity, suavity and blandness; the desire and inclina¬ 
tion to please not for the sake of approval or the sense 


202 


agreeableness. 


of justice, but from a kindly feeling of pleasantry; it 
incites one to be agreeable from the sense of the pleasure 
it gives others and the pleasure that comes to one’s self 
from the pleasant manifestations of the mental powers. 
In its co-operation with other powers, it ever supplies 
the property of pleasantness ; with Ideality, it gives grace 
and ease and beauty to every action, and so modifies 
the energies as to make their strong manifestations 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 84.— Edna Wallace Hopper. Fig. 85.— Hon. Champ Clark. 

gentle and amiable; with Approbation it gives politeness 
of manner, a pleasing way of saying and doing things, 
the ability and tendency to say even the most unpleas¬ 
ant things in the most inoffensive way. The manifes¬ 
tations of Agreeableness in its various degrees of 
strength may be seen on every hand; some of the very 
best of people, with the kindest hearts are so uncouth 
in their manners, blunt in expression and abrupt in 
style, as to almost obscure their goodness and greatly 
diminish their usefulness; others again, of far less merit, 
by their agreeable, pleasing manners, win favors and 
gain influence far above what their real worth would 
warrant. 

Parents and teachers should give special attention to 
the cultivation of this sentiment in the young; a pleas- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


203 

ant, polite, agreeable manner is one of the best of weapons 
to aid one in fighting life’s battles. Who is there so 
low in the scale of human sympathy, so dead to the 
influence of other minds, that he does not like to asso¬ 
ciate with one that is always agreeable and pleasing in 
manner? Who has not experienced the sense of feel¬ 
ings wounded by having a salesman, a postal clerk or 
public servant, give a harsh, irritating or short, snappy 
answer to a civil question ? And who has not had the 
worry of disappointment lightened by the pleasant 
smile of the postal clerk as she said, “Nothing today?” 
While there may be a few guilty of the sin of playing 
the agreeable to a point of deception, there are far more 
who have sinned against their own natures and society 
by wearing a manner and expression fit for “treason 
and its spoils.” True politeness is true kindness delicately 
expressed\ Agreeableness is the essential element in 
politeness; no one can afford to be impolite, abrupt or 
disagreeable in manner; wealth and position may free a 
man from some of the requirements of society, bat there 
is no fortune so large, position so high, nor power so 
influential that can excuse any man for not being polite 
and agreeable to his servant—his slave—as well as his 
equal. The true lady and gentleman show no distinc¬ 
tion in their politeness to servant or lord. To always 
be agreeable and polite is not only a duty one owes to 
society, but one that every person owes to self, for by a 
reflex action of the mind, the pleasing manner we bear 
to others, becomes a reality in our own lives, and thus 
Dame Nature repays us with real joy—the essence of 
smiles—for the smiles we give to others. The face that 
is never lit up by a smile soon becomes so dark and gloomy 
as to obscure the light from the soul within , and the whole 
nature becomes sordid and melancholy. 

HUMAN NATURE—(No. 24.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through that part of 
the brain forming the center of the extreme upper por¬ 
tion of the forehead; the size of its organ is estimated 


HtTMAN NATURE. 


204 


by the height and prominence of the head just where 
the forehead rounds off to form the top head, or between 
the organs of Agreeableness. Its activity is indicated 
by the tendency to look at another person when talking 
with them. 

Human Nature is the sentiment that gives the intui¬ 
tive or sense-perception of the character, disposition 
and peculiarities of others; it is instinctive and therefore 
does not depend upon observation, knowledge or reflec- 


Strong. 



Fig. 86.—Prof. O. S. Fowler. 


Moderate 



Fig. 87.—Mrs. R. 



tion, but upon intuition ; it is a sentiment 
not a faculty. Aside from the concep¬ 
tions arising from observation, compari¬ 
son, memory and reflection, man has an 
instinctive, intuitive judgment of the 
peculiarities of his fellowman. Human 
Nature is the sentiment through which 
these impressions are formed. It bears the same rela¬ 
tion to our fellowman that Spirituality bears to God; 
through observation and reason man forms an opinion 
relative to the Infinite One, His wonders and His 
works, and yet it is not until Spirituality has been 
quickened and the soul of man communes with its God , that 
it knows God as a spiritual , living reality; so we may 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


205 

know man by observation and reflection, but it requires 
the sentiment of Human Nature to give 11s that intui¬ 
tive perception of the inner soul nature of our fellow- 
man; in proportion to the strength of this sentiment 
will a person be able to form a correct conception of the 
inner nature of another. It co-operates with the Social 
Feelings and enables one to understand friends, form 
alliances that may give mutual pleasure, to find in 
others what one’s own nature demands for its happiness, 
to feel and know through this feeling the conditions of 
another. In connection with the business powers, it 
enables the salesman to readily and quickly understand 
every patron, to adapt himself, his manners and the 
presentation of his goods to the peculiarities of the 
individual, thus meeting the approbation of each pur¬ 
chaser. The salesman finds one customer dignified, 
stiff and noncommunicative, with such a familiar, talk¬ 
ative manner would be most annoying and perhaps 
prevent the sale; another is familiar and communicative 
and the more thoroughly the salesman can entertain her 
the more goods he can sell; so that the experienced 
salesman, with strong intuition of character, will adapt 
himself and methods to every patron, and be as many 
different characters in a day as he has customers. 

In the home, schoolroom and society, in business or 
in church work, wherever man has to associate with his 
fellowman or in whatever relations they meet, the sen¬ 
timent of Human Nature is of incalculable value in 
enabling him to understand and throw himself in har¬ 
mony with his associates. When looked at from a 
business standpoint its value can scarcely be over esti¬ 
mated, for in its activity lies success. When considered 
in connection with our social relations, it is as important 
as life itself, for upon a proper selection of and harmoni¬ 
ous association with the companion and friends depend 
the happiness of life. It is paramount in importance to 
the teacher, preacher or reformer, since in order to direct 
a life we must first understand it. Those in whom this 


206 


HUMAN NATURE. 


sentiment is very strong, seem able to understand the 
feelings and desires, the joys and sorrows of everyone 
they meet; if Kindness be strong, they seem able to 
give even to the stranger just the balm for which the 
heart is perishing; with the Moral Sentiments weak and 
propensities strong, they foil themselves about even the 
most intelligent and work into the good graces of others 
for selfish purposes. Where this sentiment is very 
strong and Firmness and Self Reliance weak, it renders 
persons very susceptible to the conditions of others; they 
feel perfectly what others feel and when associated with 
strong characters are greatly influenced if not controlled 
by them; they take on the strong character’s mental 
states, so that his desires become theirs. Human 
Nature is usually stronger in women than men, and 
women, as a rule, are much more intuitive of character 
and can come much more easily and perfectly into 
sympathy with others than men. Man observes, 
thinks, remembers, analyzes, weighs the evidence and 
forms a conclusion; woman feels and her conclusions are 
formed; man climbs the ladder round by round until he 
reaches the top, woman flies on the wings of intuition 
and lights on the topmost round and waits for man’s 
arrival; he can tell how he got there , she knows she is there\ 
each have followed the method most natural to him or 
her, and, strange as it may seem, it is unquestionably 
true that woman’s intuitive conclusions are quite as 
often right as man’s deductions. 

In the broader manifestations of this sentsment, 
through its combinations with other elements, it be¬ 
comes the basis of intuition, not only as pertains to 
human nature, but other things as well. There are 
many who are conscious from experience that their first 
impressions are usually right and best for them to follow, 
such have this sentiment strong; there are others who seem 
unable to form any conclusions, to make any estimate 
of character, except through a purely intellectual 
process; they are completely dead to the feelings, de- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


20 7 

sires and mental states of others unless informed by 
some of the five senses of their condition; they never 
feci impressed that they should or should not do so and 
so, such have this sentiment very weak. A sentiment 
so important to the well being of humanity, so con¬ 
ducive to happiness, should be assiduously cultivated by 
all. There are many who are constantly and almost 
perfectly guided by this sense of intuition; they seem 
able to feel what is right or proper; they become con¬ 
scious of evil, the approach of the vile or the presence 
of honor in an instant. To the young woman who has 
never stifled her intuitions by associating with the 
unworthy, this intuitive sense of character stands as the 
guardian angel to her life, and if she will ever listen to 
its whisperings and be guided by its admonitions, she 
will seldom have cause to regret her actions. If one’s 
own life is pure, so that intuition is unperverted, the 
approach of evil is as perceptible as the chilling blast. 
It often happens that external appearances contradict 
one’s impressions, but experience proves that our first 
impressions are more often right, so few exceptions are 
there to this rule that those who invest money or confi¬ 
dence where they feel impressed that there is something of 
a questionable character , act most unwisely, and are 
usually paid for their outrage of intuition by the pangs 
of regret. It is quite probable that the peculiar instinct 
or sense of impressions that guides so many people in 
business, society and life in general, comes from the 
activity of this instinct. All are familiar with the fact 
of how some seem to know by instinct what is best even 
in the absence of any evidence on which to base a 
a rational conclusion, such persons are called lucky; 
while much of luck is born of pluck, intuitive guidance 
is as much a fact in the life of many a sporting jocky, 
business man or society votary as spiritual admonitions 
are in the lives of Christians. 



PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES (12), 

iP|p 0 NSISTING of Individuality (25), Form (26), 
Wg> Size (27), Weight (28), Color (29), Order(30), Cal¬ 
culation (31), Locality (32), Eventuality (33), Time (34), 
Tune (35) and Language (36), are manifested through 
the middle and lower portion of the front lobe of the 
brain. The size of the front lobe of the brain is esti¬ 
mated by the distance from the opening of the ear 
forward and the width and fullness of the middle and 
lower part of the forehead. This measurement forward, 


Strong. 


Moderate. 



Fig. 89.— Dr. W. W. Oglesby. Fig. 90.— Edwin A. Abbey. 


however, may not be absolutely correct, since the space 
occupied by the middle lobe of the brain varies. In 
two heads, each measuring 4 inches from the medulla 
oblongata to the middle of the forehead, in one the 
middle lobe may occupy 2^ inches of the space, in the 
other but 1^ inches, in sncli a case the latter would 
have—other things being equal—^ more intellectual 
brain than the former and proportionately less propen¬ 
sity. The extent of the middle lobe is easily ascer¬ 
tained by the experienced student and for all practical 
purposes the amateur is quite safe in estimating the 
size by the distance from the center forward. Their 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 20 g 

activity gives a clear, bright, intelligent look to the eye 
and forehead. 

The Perceptive Faculties are those elements of the 
intellect by which we take cognizance of the property 
of things in the external world, and through which we 
learn and know, they constitute the greater portion of 
what is commonly called the mind or intellect and give 
the power to receive and retain knowledge. Through 
the five senses, the various properties of things are 
carried to these faculties, each of which takes cogni¬ 
zance of one particular property of the thing thus pre¬ 
sented. Things have their individuality or distinctness 
of existence, forms, shapes, sizes, weights, colors, loca¬ 
tions, relations, order and numbers; sound has its tones 
and time its duration; the mind has faculties that take 
cognizance of these several properties of things and 
holds them for future use; this taking cognizance of the 
property of things is called perception, while holding 
the information thus gained is called memory. In 
addition to the conception and memory of the separate 
property of things, there is a primary element of mind 
that recalls what has once been in the mind and by 
exciting the several elements to reproduce their specific 
properties the original conception is produced. By the 
perception, memory and recollection of tones and dura¬ 
tions through the faculties of Time, Tune and Language 
aided by Imitation, the mental operations of language 
and music are performed. As above stated, the Percep¬ 
tive Faculties give the power to learn and memory to 
retain what is once known; they are the recipients of 
education, the storehouses in which information for 
life’s uses is kept; they are the fact-gatherers and truth- 
seekers; through them man becomes acquainted with his 
environments, studies and knows the world about 
him; they gather the data for reason and 
comparison; they supply the facts for judgment; they 
afford the knowledge requisite for the proper guidance 
of the appetites and direction of the sentiments; they 


210 


PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES. 


give wisdom to the feelings, recall whatever has once 
been known and remind us of past experiences; they 
drink in the music of nature, recognize her myriads of 
forms and supply the light of intelligence to the entire 
mind and soul. 

The predominance of these faculties give the power 
and inclination to learn, the desire to study, the hunger 
for knowledge, the close observing eye, the good mem¬ 
ory, the love of history, statistics, facts and general 
knowledge. Combined with moderate reasoning powers 
and strong energies, they give the practical, go-ahead 
business sort of a character, a matter-of-fact nature; with 
Constructiveuess, they give mechanical skill; with 
Ideality added, artistic and musical power; with strong 
Reasoning Faculties and the Mental Temperament, they 
give the broad, deep, comprehensive mind, the putting- 
things-together head, the love of scientific study, inven¬ 
tion and research. Persons in whom the Perceptive 
Faculties are deficient “have eyes and see not;” they 
lack the ability or inclination to observe in detail; they 
may see things in general but not in particular; they 
find it most difficult to learn from nature; with strong 
Imitation may imitate, but do not memorize or work 
things out practically; with strong Reasoning Faculties 
and Coustructiveness may be original and theoretical 
but are always impractical, are better at planning than 
executing, have more ideas than facts; with the Mental 
Temperament low are very dull in study. 

In the present system of education, the minds of 
pupils are addressed as though they were all the same, 
and as though the intellect was a single element and if 
good in one direction should be in all; if the pupil can 
learn spelling or history easily it is expected to be able 
to learn mathematics and grammar with equal facility; 
this false conception of mind, and the system of educa¬ 
tion based upon it, has led to much error in teaching 
and daily embarrasses and discourages thousands of 
pupils. The intellect being composed of many primary 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 211 

elements existing in different degrees of strength—so 
that one may be very strong and another very weak in 
the same mind—and as each takes cognizance, learns 
and remembers its own peculiar property of things, it 
follows that the pupil may have excellent ability for 
learning and remembering in one direction, and yet be 
sadly deficient in another; thus he or she may be able 
to learn spelling or grammar with little or no effort, but 
find it extremely difficult to master mathematics; the 
one that is first in history and literature may be poorest 
in science and philosophy. A proper system of educa¬ 
tion, based upon a correct mental philosophy, would 
recognize these conditions and so adjust the study hours 
as to give those who were slow in a given branch more 
time for those studies. Again, there is a vast difference 
iu the way in which minds can most easily receive 
instruction; some learn most rapidly by writing and 
having things written out, while others—especially 
those in whom the Motive Temperament predom¬ 
inates—learn as fast'again by having things explained 
to them. The true function of each of the primary ele¬ 
ments of the intellect, their education, development and 
relation to mind can better be understood by considering 
each one separately. 

INDIVIDUALITY—(No. 25.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is indicated by the dis¬ 
tance forward and the fullness and prominence of the 
center of the lower part of the forehead or just above 
the root of the nose. 

Individuality is that faculty of mind that observes 
and takes cognizance of the individuality of things, the 
distinctness of one thing as a separate object or quality 
from others; it is the first faculty of the mind to recog¬ 
nize the distinctive, separate existence of things. If 
we look at a picture or any compound, we observe that 
it is made up of several distinct parts; Individuality^ is 
the faculty that recognizes this fact; it does not consider 


212 


individuality. 


the form, size, shape, relation or color, but the separate 
individualities of the component parts. While Individ¬ 
uality works more especially with the eye in observa¬ 
tion, it also takes cognizance of the individuality of 
things quite as fully when they are presented through 
the sense of touch, taste, hearing or smelling. Tones 
and odors, thoughts, facts, truths and principles have 
their individuality as distinctive as things of a more 

Strong. Moderate 




Fig. 93. 


Fig. 91.—Chas. J. Van Depoele. Fig. 92.—Dr. Anderson. 

tangible nature. The faculty in ques¬ 
tion, takes perception through the five 
senses of the individuality of things in 
the external world and in its co-opera¬ 
tion with the other intellectual facul¬ 
ties, takes cognizance of the individual¬ 
ity of thoughts, truths and principles. 
It is not limited, as many have supposed, to observa¬ 
tion, for we become acquainted with the individuality 
of things quite as readily through the other senses as by 
sight. We thrust the hand into a bag of nuts and 
through the sense of touch are as quickly made con¬ 
scious of the individuality of the nuts as though we had 
seen them; in like manner, any of the five senses may 
convey the individuality of things to the mind. 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 213 

Individuality stands as the Door of Learning; 
through it the first truth pertaining to anything in 
nature enters the mind. When we come in contact 
with a thing, its individuality is the first thing to make 
an impression upon our minds, afterwards its several 
properties are recognized and a mental concept 
formed. The activity of this faculty inclines one to 
notice everything in detail, to observe the separateness 
of things. Persons in whom it is very strong, seem to 
see everything that is to be seen; the eye takes a de¬ 
tailed account of whatever passes before it; they pass 
down the street, or look over a landscape even for a 
moment, and they will perhaps be able to enumerate 
hundreds of things that they have seen; what is true of 
their external concepts is equally true in relation to 
thoughts, principles, etc.; every fact, truth, feeling or 
principle within their minds is held in its distinctive 
individuality, giving a clearness of conception that is 
quite as distinctive and beneficial in the realm of 
thought as the power to observe the individuality of 
things is in the realm of matter. Those in whom it is 
deficient may be out for hours, see everything in gen¬ 
eral but nothing in particular; they will go into a room, 
come out and ten minutes afterwards are unable to give 
anything like an accurate account of the pictures, set¬ 
tings and furniture; their mental concepts of truths, 
principles, etc., like their observations, are indefinite 
and lacking in distinctness. The importance of culti¬ 
vating this faculty can not be over estimated; in the 
every-day affairs of life there is perhaps no one faculty 
that may so often render useful assistance and prevent 
one from error as the close observing eye, and the tak¬ 
ing cognizance of “the thingness of things.” In com¬ 
bination with the other Perceptive Faculties, Individu¬ 
ality gives the tendency and ability to recognize the 
peculiarity of things; with the Reasoning Faculties, it 
gives the tendency to individualize thoughts, and with 
Order and Calculation classifies and arranges them; in 


214 


FORM. 


art and literature, it brings out the distinctive individ¬ 
uality of component parts; and throughout the entire 
realm of mind and thought, it tends to individualize 
each distinctive feature. 

FORM—(No. 26.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the base of the 
front lobe of the brain; the size of its organ is indicated 
by the width and fullness between the eyes. 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 94.— Rev. Ruth B. Ridges, Ph. B. Fig. 95.— T. B. Aldrich. 


Form is that faculty that recognizes shapes, figures, 
forms and configurations; as Individuality recognizes 
the separate existence of things, so Form takes cogniz¬ 
ance of their shapes. Everything in nature exists in some 
form \ thoughts and ideas of material things are mental 
reproductions of material forms. When Individuality 
recognizes the separate existence of a thing, Form 
immediately perceives its shape ; it does not take cogniz¬ 
ance of its size, weight, color, order or substance, but 
its shape. This faculty enters into almost every mental 
operation; in draughting, writing, moulding, model¬ 
ing, painting, cutting, fitting, patterning and every 
branch of science, art and mechanism, wherever the 
shape of things are to be considered, there the faculty of 
Form is indispensable. It not only supplies the con- 




HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 215 

ception of forms, that is such an essential element of 
mind, but it gives the memory of forms, faces and out¬ 
lines. Though this power many who are unable to 
remember names can by writing them remember the 
form of the word and in this way recall the name. 
Combined with Ideality and Imitation, it enables the 
artist to copy perfectly the forms of nature, and with 
Causality added gives creative fancy, sees forms in all 
their perfectness and beauty before they have material¬ 
ized in the clay, in the marble or 011 the canvas; with 
strong Constructiveness, and the other Perceptive Fac¬ 
ulties good, it enables the mechanic to see the exact 
form and shape of every piece of timber or metal in a 
great building or a complex machine, and enables him 
to hold the picture perfectly in the mind until it has 
materialized in substance; with strong Ideality and 
Social Feelings it inclines one to observe the build and 
form of others and admire physical beauty. It notices 
every imperfection in shape and is annoyed by incon¬ 
gruities and mechanical imperfections. Its deficiency 
renders one unable to judge of the correctness of forms 
and outlines or remember faces, appearances and con¬ 
figurations, and leaves the inventive and imaginative 
powers incapable of clear, definite concepts, where the 
forms of things are to be considered. 

SIZE—(No. 27.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ being indicated by the 
development of the lower part of the forehead directly 
above the inner corner of the eye on each side of Indi¬ 
viduality. 

Size is that faculty of the mind that takes cogniz¬ 
ance of dimension, proportion and magnitude. It is 
one of the most essential faculties in all branches of 
mechanical work; it is especially required in those lines 
where the peculiar form does not admit of measurement 
or where the artist or mechanic must estimate the size 
and dimension by the eye. The faculty of Form is as 


2i6 


SIZK. 


perfectly satisfied with the form of the statuette of 
Liberty Enlightening the World, as though it were 
looking upon the statue itself, while Size would be 
much more excited by the magnitude of the statue as it 
appears when seen from near Bedlow’s island. In every 
branch of business and trade Size is an ever-active fac¬ 
ulty; knowing the density of a thing, we estimate its 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 96.—Geo. E. Blackman, M. D. Fig. 97.—Edward Bellamy. 

weight by the bulk; we judge of the proportion of 
everything by the relative size of component parts. 
Things seem large or small to us according to what we 
compare them with, so that Size may be said to be 
relative so far as the mental conceptions are concerned. 
What we are accustomed to seeing determines largely 
our estimations of other things. The person whose 
early life has been spent in a small town looks upon its 
few two-story buildings with a true sense of awe, won¬ 
der and admiration, as compared to the other buildings 
they seem like massive structures; on removing to the 
city where miles of solid blocks lift their majestic forms 
until they seem to challenge the sky, and palatial man¬ 
sions cover the greater portion of a square, a new 
standard of comparison becomes fixed in the mind; now 
let the person return to the early home and the once 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 21 J 

colossal (?) structures will have sunk into insignificance 
and everything seems so small and tame as to completely 
and constantly disappoint the mind. “How every¬ 
thing has changed! I can not believe my own eyes!” is 
the common exclamation; the change was all caused by 
changing the standard of size. 

Because of the constant necessity of the faculty of 
Size the importance of its early and thorough training 
can scarcely be over estimated. In forming a quick 
judgment of things, where size is taken into considera¬ 
tion, the faculty in question is indispensable; if the 
cook had to weigh or measure everything, she would 
find her work greatly increased; if the merchant had to 
measure the width of every piece of goods, if the artist 
and the mechanic were required to do everything by 
line and square, each would see something of the value 
of Size. The vast difference in the characters of minds 
and their ability for judging dimensions may be par¬ 
tially appreciated by going among mechanics and 
tradesmen and seeing with what correctness one will 
estimate the dimensions of everything, even to a minute 
fractional part, while another must depend upon weights 
and measurements for everything. 

WEIGHT—(No. 28.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the lower part of 
the front lobe of the brain; the size of its organ is indi¬ 
cated by the development of the forehead directly above 
the inner half of the eye, or just outward from Size. 

Weight is the faculty that takes cognizance of the 
laws of gravitation, that perceives of the weight of 
things. Things differ in weight according to the 
amount of matter they contain, the denser the matter 
the greater the specific gravity. Through the sense of 
touch Weight perceives the heft of things; if a person 
be shown a piece of metal he has never seen, Individ¬ 
uality perceives of its existence as a thing, Form recog¬ 
nizes its shape, Size estimates its dimensions; all this 
may have been done without touching it; now Weight 


218 


WKIGHT. 


is anxious that it be picked up that it may determine 
its heft; it expects it to be about so much because of its 
size, if, however, the metal happens to be platinum, or 
the thing is but a shell and hollow, Weight is sur¬ 
prised, for from the information it had drawn from its 
neighbor, Size, and from its past experiences with 
metals, it expected the bulk to weigh much more; how¬ 
ever, whatever the heft may be, Weight takes cogniz¬ 
ance of it and will be able by the aid of Size to form a 
more correct judgment the next time. By the constant 

Strong. Weak 



Fig. 98—F. W. Hanville. Fig. 99.—Mrs. Ingalls. 


perception of the laws of gravity through the faculty of 
Weight the tension of the muscles are so adjusted as to 
maintain a perfect equilibrium of the body in walking, 
riding, balancing, skating, dancing, etc. The differ¬ 
ence in people in being able to walk on a narrow plank, 
a tight rope or balance with ease and grace depends 
largely upon the activity of this faculty. When com¬ 
bined with moderate Caution and strong Sublimity it 
gives the ability to go aloft, to walk with ease on a 
high scaffolding, or walk the tight rope at a great alti¬ 
tude; combined with strong Constructiveness it enables 
the mechanic to adjust the blow that it may have 
exactly the desired force, so that a fine workman will 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 2ig 

seemingly pound carelessly at a delicate structure with¬ 
out breaking it, while the amateur in attempting to do 
the same work would be ineffectual or smash it all to 
pieces; combined with the faculty of Size, it is ever esti¬ 
mating the weight of things so that persons in whom 
it is very strong will often refer to and enjoy estimating 
the weight of things, themselves, their friends, stock, 
commodities, etc.; and if Size is also strong, they may 
become remarkably accurate in their estimations. Com¬ 
bined with the other Perceptive Faculties, it enables 
persons to plumb with the eye, and causes them to feel 
annoyed when pictures, frames or fixtures do not hang 
or set true; the mechanic that is strongly endowed with 
this faculty will see at a glance if a wall, a timber, or a 
line is not perpendicular. Those in whom Weight is 
deficient, find it extremely difficult to keep their bal¬ 
ance in riding, skating or walking; they are unable to 
estimate the weight of things, to plumb with the eye, 
or to adjust the amount of force to overcome a given 
resistance. 

COLOR— (No. 29.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the lower portion 
of the front lobe of the brain; the size of its organ is 
indicated by the development of the forehead just above 
the center and outer half of the eye, or next to Weight. 

Color is that faculty that takes cognizance of and 
appreciates colors. When we look about us, we see 
ever-varying shades, tints and colors that enter into 
endless combinations and give constant variety to all 
nature and beauty to every flower. The faculty of 
Color works exclusively with the eye, without the 
power to see it is impossible to form any conception of 
color. The separate existence of things, their form, 
size, weight, relation, order and number may be esti¬ 
mated by the sense of touch, and in many instances by 
the other senses, while their color can only be deter¬ 
mined by the eye. Where this faculty is deficient, as 
it is in many persons, it renders them color-blind; the 


220 


COLOR. 


eye may be perfect in its power to see and perform its 
natural function of reflecting upon the mind whatever 
passes within the radius of sight, and yet from the lack 
of the faculty of Color, the mind is unable to take cog¬ 
nizance of hues, or distinguish even the primary colors, 
while those having the faculty very strong are able to 
distinguish hundreds of colors. 

Color is one of the most essential faculties in many 
branches of mechanism, manufacturing and art; in 
dress and decoration it lends endless variety to what 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. ioo.—Rev. F. A. Powell. Fig. ioi.—Rosamond B. Follett. 


would otherwise of necessity be most monotonous. So 
far as the utility of things are concerned, all natufe 
might have been clothed in a dull gray; but Color and 
Ideality in the mind of a beauty-loving Creator passed 
the sunbeams through prismatic ether and divided the 
light into many colors, with which He painted the ver¬ 
dure of the forest, gave tint to the fleecy clouds, be¬ 
decked the wings of the sweet songster, colored the 
petals of the rose and draped the whole world in a 
gorgeous “robe of many colors,” and then placed the 
faculty of Color in the mind of man that he might 
appreciate and enjoy the decorations of nature and 
reproduce them in art. Color shows the effect of cul- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


221 


ture quite as much as any other one faculty; in propor¬ 
tion as the mind becomes refined will it seek the more 
delicate shades and harmonious blendings in decoration, 
dress and art. The aborigines are fond of colors, but 
the stronger the colors and the greater the contrast the 
better they like them. Strong Color is indispensable to 
a high order of success in decorative art or painting, 
and in the manufacture of colored goods, as well as in a 
great many other lines of work. The daily “color 
tests” made on engineers and trainmen have developed 
the fact that a great many persons are sadly deficient in 
the faculty of Color, and therefore it should be assidu¬ 
ously cultivated in the young by directing their atten¬ 
tion to tints and shades everywhere. 

ORDER—(No. 30.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the outer corners 
of the front lobe of the brain* the size of its organ is 


Strong. Weak. 



indicated by the fullness and prominence of the lower 
outer angle of the forehead, or the development just 
above the outer corner of the eye. 

Order is the faculty that takes cognizance of order, 
system , method and arrangement. From the very nature 
of things, they must necessarily bear certain relations 




222 


ORDER. 


to one another in order that they may most easily, 
readily and perfectly perform their functions. Law and 
order reign throughout the whole domain of the uni¬ 
verse; without order all would soon be reduced to chaos 
by conflicting forces. As self pres ervatio?i is the first law 
of man's feeling nature , so order is the first law of his 
mental nature. System and arrangement are a pre¬ 
requisite to the highest order of success in any vocation 
or calling in life. Order is the faculty that gives the 
appreciation for and inclination to do and have every¬ 
thing arranged in their proper relation to other things. 
Combined with strong Locality it will have a place for 
everything and insist on having everything in its place; 
persons so constituted will spare neither time, energy 
nor pains in systematically arranging everything about 
the house, the store, the business, the library or what¬ 
ever they are concerned in, so that were they called 
upon in the night they could go at once and place the 
hand upon the desired article; if Ideality be strong, 
they will show great skill in arranging things appro¬ 
priately and harmoniously, but if Ideality is deficient 
their conceptions of order may be so out of harmony 
with propriety as to appear absurd or ridiculous. The 
housekeeper, the farmer, the mechanic, the merchant, 
the librarian and the professional man, without Order, 
always work at a great disadvantage; they never know 
where to find a thing when they want it; they begin 
work in the wrong place; do the wrong thing first and 
are always working at a disadvantage because in the 
midst of chaos and discord. There are thousands in 
every vocation in life who are constantly overworked 
and yet are unable to accomplish nearly what they 
might simply because they have no order, system or 
plan in their work. By having everything systematic¬ 
ally arranged—a place and time for all things—so that 
each can be taken up in its proper order, a third more 
might be accomplished with the same effort and far less 
worry. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 223 

If we look into a well-arranged, library, where every 
book is numerically and alphabetically arranged on the 
shelves, so that even the stranger can place his hand at 
once upon the desired volume, then if we look at the 
contents of the library after it has been dumped by 
hurrying firemen and an excited crowd into a neighbor¬ 
ing building, in a condition that makes it possible to 
find anything but the desired volume, we get a slight 
conception of the difference between order and disorder 
and the great advantage of the former over the latter. 
This fairly illustrates the difference between minds, the 
well-arranged mind, in which every mental operation, 
concept, thought and expression is arranged perfectly 
and systematized, so that the person can call up at will 
any desired mental concept, is like the well-arranged 
library, while the books in disorder but fairly typify 
the chaos that reigns in the mind without Order; the 
latter may have splendid thoughts, beautiful mental 
images and vivid conceptions, but their worth, utility 
and beauty are lost in the chaos of their disorder. 
There are those in whom the faculty of Order is so 
influential as to make them perfect slaves to system, 
method and arrangement; many a well-meaning house¬ 
wife has worn herself out unnecessarily and left a home 
without a Mother by an unwise slavery to the faculty 
of Order; not unfrequently among teachers and business 
men much valuable time is wasted by being too particu¬ 
lar about having everything/^/ so. The way in which 
persons will manifest Order, even where it is strong, 
will depend entirely upon the relative strength of the 
other powers, working most effectually with the 
stronger elements. If the propensities and Construc¬ 
tiveness are strong, the person will manifest Order in 
placing, arranging and systematizing things, while if 
the literary faculties predominate, he or she will show 
more order and system in the arrangement of thoughts, 
sentences and subject matter. Children should early be 
taught to be orderly and systematic in everything they 


224 


CALCULATION. 


do, to have a way of doing, a place for every garment, 
and be taught to do each piece of work in its order and 
keep everything in its place, this habit thoroughly 
established in their natures will be of incalculable serv¬ 
ice throughout life. 

CALCULATION—(No. 31.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe ot 
the brain; the size of its organ is indicated by the width 
and fullness of the head at the outer angle of the eyes. 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 104.— Prof. Sachariin. Fig. 105.—J. L. Payne. 


Calculation is the faculty that takes cognizance of 
numbers and gives the power of enumeration, the 
ability to count, add, subtract and comprehend the 
multiplicity of things. Everything exists in numbers; 
the universe is composed of many systems, each system 
of many planets, each planet of many compacts and 
organizations, each organization of cells and each cell 
of atoms. Calculation enables the mind to take cogniz¬ 
ance of the number of things; we estimate, buy and sell 
many things by their number, by the dozen, gross or 
thousand, while such things as would be difficult to 
enumerate, we establish standards of weights, measures 
and durations and estimate by the number of ounces, 
pounds, tons, inches, feet, rods, seconds, minutes, 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 225 

hours, etc.; so that everything is estimated by numbers. 
Calculation gives the power of and inclination to count; 
calculate and enumerate. It is the primary faculty 
used in arithmetic; combined with the other intellectual 
faculties it gives the power to comprehend the relation 
of numbers and the science of mathematics. Calcula¬ 
tion combined with strong Vitativeness inclines persons 
to estimate and take an interest in the age of others; 
with strong Inliabitiveness, they will tell how long 
they have resided in a particular place, and if Venera¬ 
tion be strong they will prize most highly relics of 
antiquity; combined with Acquisitiveness, it gives the 
tendency to count money or things of value, to esti¬ 
mate per cents, profits, etc.; with strong Eventuality it 
gives a great love of statistics; with Time added, the 
inclination or ability to remember the particular hour 
or day when a thing occurred, a fondness for chronology 
and a tendency to base conclusions on statistics or 
mathematical deductions; with Comparison, it gives the 
tendency to compare numbers, dates, etc.; with Sublim¬ 
ity, it looks into the star-spangled dome of heaven with 
the thought of the number of worlds; it modifies Lan¬ 
guage and enters into metaphors to speak of the ‘ ‘sands 
of Saharah’s plains’’ and “the drops of old ocean” and 
often induces the imagination to get the numbers too 
large. 

Calculation, like the other Perceptive Faculties, is 
constantly employed in every vocation and condition of 
life. In man’s relation to things, space and time, num¬ 
ber, distance and duration must always be considered; 
without the faculty in question, it would be impossible 
to count or form any estimate of numbers. A good 
degree of this faculty is of paramount importance in 
business and everything pertaining thereto, since its 
activity gives the ability and inclination—when com¬ 
bined with Acquisitiveness—to count, calculate and 
estimate quickly and accurately money, things and their 
values. The business man in whom this combination 


226 


LOCALITY. 


is strong will ever be counting the profit and loss, per 
cent and interest, watching the traffic and fluctuations 
of the market and be prepared to conform his business 
to the requirements of the times and take advantage of 
the shiftings of trade. Great strength of this faculty is 
also indispensable in the surveyor, civil engineer, archi¬ 
tect, navigator or astronomer, or in any place where 
the science of numbers is considered. 

Among many of the savage and semi-civilized tribes 
the faculty of Calculation seems almost entirely want¬ 
ing. Some of them are unable to count above five or 
ten and seem utterly incapable of comprehending the 
relation of numbers; even among the most highly intel¬ 
ligent and cultured races, there is a vast difference in 
the strength of this faculty; some seem able to perform 
the most difficult problems in the mind with great rap¬ 
idity and perfect ease, while others find it extremely 
difficult to perform the simple calculations necessary in 
making change. Two of the greatest minds and most 
distinguished characters of the present century were so 
sadly deficient in Calculation that they were unable to 
master the multiplication table; while many of other¬ 
wise ordinary minds have no trouble whatever in the 
study of arithmetic or the science of mathematics. 

LOCALITY—(No. 32.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is indicated by the full¬ 
ness of the forehead about three-quarters of an inch 
above the inner corners of the eyebrows, or just above 
Size and on each side of Eventuality. 

Locality is that faculty that takes cognizance of the 
position, place or location of things. No two things 
can occupy the same place at the same time, so that 
each thing has its peculiar location and bears a certain 
relation to other things, the faculty in question takes 
cognizance of this position or relation of things; it gives 
the desire to want to see and the ability to remember 
places; it gives the power to keep directions and geo- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


227 


graphical locations in the mind so that notwithstanding 
the changes of position in travel, we still know the 
direction towards any given place; it enables the mind 
to remember directions and keep the points of the com¬ 
pass. The faculty of locality is even more strongly 
manifest in many of the lower animals than in man; 
they find their way as by instinct; if carried a long dis¬ 
tance, even over a tortuous route and so caged that they 

Strong. Moderate. 



Fig. 106.— Robt. Louis Stevenson. Fig. 107.— Judge Thurston. 


can not see out, on being set free they will start back 
and often make a direct line for home; birds migrate 
hundreds of miles, yet come back to the same place to 
nest, and even fish go to sea and then come back to the 
brooklet in the spawning season. In man this faculty 
plays a very important part in his every-day life; some¬ 
thing of the extent of its utility and importance can be 
understood by imagining that we do not know the loca¬ 
tion of anything and are compelled to go until the eye 
or the sense of touch informs us that we have found the 
desired article. There are those who have this faculty 
so strong that, like the animal, they instinctively know 
directions, in the winding streets of the city, in the 
dense forest, on the broad plain, or the trackless bosom 
of the deep, in the darkest night or densest fog, they 


228 


locality. 


seem able to keep their directions, and retain a perfect 
chart of their surroundings in the mind, so as to know 
exactly where they are and the direction they should go 
to reach any desired point; while others can never keep 
the points of the compass and are always getting lost 
and can never remember the geographical location of 
any place. Its strong activity gives persons a fondness 
for travel, an insatiable longing to see some place they 
have not seen; it makes them restless; inclines them to 
move about; they no quicker see the peculiarities of 
one place than they are inspired by Locality to want to 
go somewhere else, this is especially true where Inhab- 
itiveness is moderate. In the march of progress, man¬ 
kind is much indebted to the activity of this faculty; by 
giving the instinctive desire to travel and see places, it 
has caused man to break loose from his attachment to 
home and wander over the trackless plains, 
down winding rivers, through mountain gorges and 
across the briny deep in the discovery of new lands for 
man’s use, wealth and comfort. 

Locality combines with the other mental powers in 
such a way that whenever a thing is thought of Locality 
remembers immediately where the thing is, and pre¬ 
sents to the mind’s eye a picture, as it were, of the 
thing and its surroundings, so that where this faculty 
and Order are strong the person will be able to tell the 
exact location of everything in or connected with his 
house or business; it is wonderful to see how persons so 
endowed, can recall even in old age the exact location 
and relation of exe.rything that surrounded them in 
childhood, and quite as surprising to see how those in 
whom the faculty is deficient can lay a thing down, and 
one minute afterwards can not tell where they placed 
it. There are those who are so deficient in this faculty 
that they forget the location of their own store or 
church and can get lost in broad daylight in a town of 
five thousand inhabitants and within half a mile of 
home. 


HUMAN NATURK EXPLAINED. 


229 


EVENTUALITY—(No. 33.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is indicated by the full¬ 
ness of the center of the forehead. 

Eventuality is the faculty that takes cognizance of 
events, circumstances, news, etc., and gives the power 
to recall them; it is the historian of the mind; it re¬ 
ceives the facts gathered throngh the five senses and 

Strong. Wkak 




holds them in the abstract for future 
use. To illustrate: Through the eye 
Individuality takes cognizance of a 
ship ’3 landing, Form recognizes its 
shape and the shapes of the things 
thereon, Size the dimensions of the 
fig. no. whole and parts, Color their hue, Cal¬ 
culation their number, Order and Locality their relation, 
all of these constitute parts of an event, the facts of 
which Eventuality retains. Eventuality is like a sen¬ 
sitive plate on which is photographed the pictures re¬ 
flected by the powers of perception. Each of the 
primary Perceptive Faculties reflect a property of things 
onto the mind, the combination of these reflections 
reproduce a perfect picture in the mind, or perfect in 


230 


EVENTUALITY. 


proportion as the powers of perception were perfect; Eventu¬ 
ality retains this picture as thus reflected upon it, per¬ 
fect or imperfect as the case may be. As a primary 
element of the mind, it holds events, occurrences, 
knowledge of things, facts and history for future use. 
In relation to the other primary elements of the mind, 
this faculty performs the distinctive function of re-calling 
or re-collecting , which is substantially different from 
memory. Memory is one of the primary functions of 
every element of the mind\ each element remembers the 
property or thing of which it takes cognizance; but 
since each faculty retains but one particular property, it 
cannot recall the whole picture to the mind; the power 
of recalling the whole, by re-collecting from each ele¬ 
ment its distinctive part, requires a special faculty that 
is connected in function with all the elements of the 
mind; this special function of re-collecting is performed 
by the faculty of Eventuality. Upon the strength of 
this faculty depends the power of the mind to recall 
what has once been known or has come within the con¬ 
ception of any of the senses. 

Memory, considered as a whole, is a power of mind 
resulting from and depending upon the combined action 
of the several elements of the mind. Where any element 
of the mind is deficient the memory will be correspondingly 
defective in that direction\ thus those having weak Local¬ 
ity, Size or Form will be unable to remember places, 
forms or sizes. The power of recollection arising from 
the activity of Eventuality differs substantially from 
memory, memory being that power of mind that holds 
primary concepts of things, facts, feelings or events; 
recollection being the power to recall from the several 
memories, or elements of the mind, their portion of the 
concept, so that when they are put together, the fact or 
the thing appears in all the perfection in which it was 
originally thrust upon the mind. The reproduction of 
the image, thus brought forth from the storehouse of 
the several elements, will be perfect in each part in 


HUMAN NATURK EXPLAINED. 


231 


proportion to the strength of each element from which 
it is drawn, and the thoroughness of the original con¬ 
ception. To illustrate: You witness the burning of 
a building; each of the Perceptive Faculties takes cog¬ 
nizance of its particular property; Individuality observes 
the existence of the building, Form its shape, size its 
dimensions, Color the various colors of the building and 
the flame, Order, Calculation and Locality the number, 
position and relation of things, all combining to form a 
mental picture of the conflagration; the event as a fact 
in history is retained by the faculty of Eventuality; 
years pass on, other scenes and experiences occupy the 
mind, something occurs, an outward experience or an 
inward reflection, the reading or hearing of something 
similar or suggestive and the fact of the burning of the 
building is recalled, whereupon the faculty of recollec¬ 
tion (Eventuality) will gather from the several primary 
elements of the mind the part or property they hold in 
trust, and the conflagration will appear once more as a 
mental picture, substantially as when witnessed, perfect 
or imperfect according to the original conception, less 
what has become so indistinct as not to be recalled. In 
case the faculty of Size was deficient the original con¬ 
cept would have been defective as pertains to the dimensions 
of the building and in the absense of the building the 
account of the size would necessarily be unreliable, 
while if the faculty of Form was strong in the observer, 
the shape of the burning structure would be perfectly 
recalled. It is questionable whether any experience, 
event or mental picture ever leaves the mind; experiences 
in dreaming and drowning go to prove almost, if not 
conclusively, that all clear conceptions are forever retained; 
the power to recall them may be lost, but somewhere 
in the storehouse of memory the prototypes yet remain. 
That memory and recollection are substantially different 
properties of mind is a self-evident fact to any one who 
will stop to think, independent of the books. All are 
familiar with the experience of being totally unable to 


232 


EVENTUALITY. 


recall a thing, it may have been but a simple line of 
poetry, or a childish song recited years ago, but if life 
depended upon it, it could not be recalled, and yet let 
someone give but the first two words, and immediately 
the entire verse and perhaps all of the poem can be re¬ 
called; it was in the mind , memory had retained it , but the 
power to recall it had failed. 

The value of this faculty, that remembers events 
and calls up from the archives of mind past experiences, 
reproducing the panorama of life before the mind’s eye, 
can scarcely be estimated. If there be one mental fac¬ 
ulty that is of more importance than any other it is 
surely Eventuality. It co-operates so perfectly and 
completely with every other element of mind, that 
without it the whole mind would be constantly lost, 
absolutely having no conception of the future, because 
knowing nothing of the past. Blot from the mind, if 
possible, all knowledge of past experiences, destroy all 
history, take away all known truth, remove every con¬ 
ception of science and law, place a person in the world 
with the primary elements of mind, but positively 
knowing nothing, and we have a fair sample of what 
the mind would be without Eventuality. Without the 
power of Eventuality, Vitativeness would fail to recall 
the early life, Appetite its relished food, Acquisitive¬ 
ness its possessions, Amativeness its loved ones, Paren¬ 
tal Eove the child, ambition its early dreams, Con¬ 
structiveness its plans, Causality the causes of things 
and Veneration its God. Eventuality, by supplying 
the power to recall, gives that property of mind com¬ 
monly spoken of as memory; like all other elements, it 
differs in degrees of strength in different inbividuals. 
Some are able to recall almost every event in their 
lives, or all that they have once heard, read or known, 
making them natural historians; such persons excel in 
literary branches of study, and yet may from want of 
Calculation, Causality and Constructiveness be very 
poor in mathematics, science and mechanism; they 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 233 

have more power to memorize than to reason; they may 
become an encyclopedia of facts and events, but are 
illogical; they usually base their conduct, judgment and 
opinions upon what they have learned, without stop¬ 
ping to reflect. Sometimes the tendency to memorize 
everything is so strong that Eventuality seems to usurp 
all mental power; minds so constituted may gather a 
great fund of knowledge, but be unable to make any 
practical application of it. The most prodigious mem¬ 
ories in history have invariably been found in minds 
not above the average and usually inferior in originality 
and reasoning power. There are others who are unfor¬ 
tunately weak in Eventuality and find it extremely 
difficult to memorize anything, events in their own 
lives even can not be recalled. None but those who 
have suffered from a poor memory can realize what 
inconvenience it causes, what expenses and losses it 
incurs and what a constant annoyance it is to themselves 
and others. Its cultivation should begin early in life; 
the power to recall events, like all other mental powers, 
grows by use and deteriorates when idle. 

TIME—(No. 34.—Fig. 33.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is indicated by the full¬ 
ness of the forehead about an inch above the outer half 
of the eyebrows, or just outward from Locality. 

Time is that faculty that takes cognizance of dura¬ 
tion and succession of time; it remembers dates and 
relation of dates and periods; it is the chronologer of 
the mind; it gives the power to remember when things 
occurred, and estimate durations. It is this estimation 
of durations of time that enables one to keep time in 
walking, in music, or to form an estimate of the time of 
day, or tell in the mind how long since a thing 
occurred. Planets pass around their orbits in a given 
length of time; earth has its seasons and fixed periods, 
by its rotation and relation to the sun, the day is 
divided from the night and the summer from the win- 


TIME. 


234 

ter; man takes cognizance of the duration of these 
periods, divides and subdivides them into hours, min¬ 
utes and seconds, thereby forming standards by which 
time is reckoned. We learn by experience the length 
of these several periods and durations, and through the 
faculty of Time are able to estimate them. In propor¬ 
tion as this faculty is strong will we be able to estimate 
accurately the time of day or the number of minutes 
that have elapsed since a thing occurred. Time com- 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. hi.—Hon. John M. Thurston. Fig. 112.—J. R. Miller. 

bines with Calculation and known facts to form esti¬ 
mates when a thing will occur or how long it will take 
to accomplish a given object; it combines with Eventu¬ 
ality in recalling the time or period when a thing has 
occurred. It is quite interesting to note how persons 
in whom Time and Eventuality are both strong will in 
starting to tell a fact or experience, begin by giving the 
exact hour of the day, the day of the week and month, 
and continue to designate by saying, it was the day 
after so and so occurred and just three weeks before 
another event; all of these chronological events must be 
recited before they can begin to give the facts they 
started out to. Quite the opposite of this may be 
observed in those who are deficient in the faculty; they 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


235 


are unable to give any accurate account of the time 
when a thing occurred; they recite as contemporaneous 
in history things that occurred five hundred years apart, 
or mix their Fourth of July experiences with their 
Christmas entertainments. There are those who 
through the activity of this faculty, Eventuality and 
Calculation, are able to keep time almost as perfectly in 
the head as by the aid of the watch; if they are about 
machinery and the speed is increased the fractional part 
of a second they will detect it; they will go to sleep 
and wake up at any desired time; if awakened out of a 
sound sleep, they will be able to tell close to the time 
of night; they keep step or the time in music without 
any thought or volition on their part; such persons are 
much interested in dates, and with the Reasoning Fac¬ 
ulties strong enjoy studying and calculating the relation 
of the planets and the time of their transits and eclipses. 
There are others who from the lack of this faculty seem 
unable to form any conception of the duration of time, 
without the aid of the timepiece or some other assis¬ 
tance they could not tell within two hours of the time of 
day, after having been sound asleep they do not know 
whether they have been asleep five minutes or an hour, 
their step is irregular and therefore out of time with 
whatever is keeping time; they are unable to keep time 
in music, take no interest in the study of dates, and are 
quite as apt to be ahead of or behind time as on time; 
they waste many of life’s precious moments by being 
ahead of time and having to wait for something, or being 
behind time and getting left. 

Time enables us to take cognizance of the passing 
moments, and therefore plays an indispensable part in 
our every-day life. Without the rythm and harmony 
arising from everything having its time and season 
everything would be in chaos, by its aid business be¬ 
gins and closes at fixed times, transportation is regu¬ 
lated so that one might lay out ten thousand miles of travel, 
and before he started would know just where he would 


TUNE. 


236 

be during every hour of the journey. By its aid thou¬ 
sands of people congregate at a given point, at a given 
hour; through it the whole social and business world 
are regulated; without it we would never know when 
to do, expect or depend upon anything. Its activity in 
the individual gives promptness and exactness in time, 
a tendency to have a specified time when each thing 
must be done. This faculty is so important to a well- 
regulated life and a successful social or business career, 
that unless it is quite strong it should early be culti¬ 
vated in the child. 

TUNE—(No. 35.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the front lobe of 
the brain; the size of its organ is estimated by the width 

Strong. Moderate. 



Fig. 113.—Mastes Uda Waldrop. Fig. 114.—Dr. A. J. Clausen. 


and fullness of the middle and lower part of the fore¬ 
head just where it rounds off to form the sidehead, or 
just outward from Time and above Calculation. 

Tune is that faculty that gives the perception of the 
harmony of sounds, the sense of melody, the ability to 
distinguish one tone from another and to learn and 
remember tones. As Form takes cognizance of the 
shapes of things and remembers them so that they may 
be recalled at will, so Tune takes perception of the 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 237 

variety and peculiarity of tones and retains a mental con¬ 
cept of them; in the reproduction of tones, Tune deter¬ 
mines their perfectness. When one is color-blind the power 
to see objects, forms, sizes, light and dark may be per¬ 
fect, yet the person be unable to distinguish colors, 
hues and tints; in like manner, when Tune is deficient, 
the power of hearing may be perfect, the person be 
able to hear the faintest sound possible to the human 
ear and to distinguish degree or volume of sound per¬ 
fectly, and yet be unable to distinguish tones. 

All motion is accompanied by more or less friction, 
all friction produces vibrations, all vibrations produce 
sound. Whether sound is a finely attenuated substance 
or merely air waves is a debatable question. Whatever 
may be the nature of sound, it is a product of motion, 
and whatever moves produces it, and when it is suffi¬ 
ciently strong the ear takes cognizance of it. All 
varieties of tones are produced by and depend upon the 
number of vibrations per second and the dimensions 
and nature of the thing that is vibrating; when vibra¬ 
tions are sufficient to produce a noise sufficiently strong 
to be recognized by the ear, it is conveyed to the brain 
where Tune recognizes and takes cognizance of the 
character and peculiarities of its tones, just as the Fac¬ 
ulty of Form takes cognizance of the shape of any 
image thrust upon the mind. Were the ear sufficiently 
sensitive it would catch the noise produced by every¬ 
thing that moves, and were Tune sufficiently strong it 
would convert the endless variety of tones into beautiful 
harmony and thrill the soul with the music of nature. 
The faculty of Tune is indispensable in music though 
not the only faculty requisite for success, for Time is 
quite as essential to estimate durations, and Ideality, 
Imitation and Constructiveness to give beauty and the 
power to reproduce tones. Tune recognizes variety and 
harmony of tones, Time, aided by Ideality and Con¬ 
structiveness places the tones in such a relation to 
one another as to produce music. There are those who 


TUNE. 


238 

are so deficient in this faculty that they can only dis¬ 
tinguish a few of the simpler tones; the majority of 
people can only fully appreciate simple harmonies and 
melodies. Complex music is unappreciated by the 
masses, because their musical faculties are not suffi¬ 
ciently developed to make harmony of it. 

Among savage tribes the tones produced are most 
simple, as we rise in the scale of intelligence and men¬ 
tal complexity and the mind becomes refined, it pro¬ 
duces and appreciates variety of tones and complexity 
of music. The faculties of music combine with 
all the other elements of mind, in the pro¬ 
duction of music that gives expression to all 
the feelings and sentiments in human nature; thus com¬ 
bined with Courage and Executiveness they produce 
martial music; combined with the affections, the sweet 
melodies of love, with Inhabitiveness, “Home Sweet 
Home,” with Veneration and Spirituality, sacred song, 
and with Kindness, they sing of “Jesus and His Kove.” 
So the varieties of music are but the different expres¬ 
sions of man’s nature set to the rhythm of song. The 
class of music preferred by each individual is deter¬ 
mined by the peculiarities of his ox her disposition; 
each enjoys most the music that appeals to the strong¬ 
est elements in his nature whether it be propensity, 
feeling, faculty or sentiment. Those having a predom¬ 
inance of the martial spirit prefer martial music; those 
who live in their feelings are charmed with the senti¬ 
mental ballad; where the aesthetic and intellectual 
powers are very strong, the complex symphonies and 
harmonies are preferred, while those having a predom¬ 
inance of the Moral Sentiments are inspired by sacred 
song. Since like excites like, the different classes of 
music excite in one’s nature the same class of elements 
of mind that produced the music, hence the power of 
song; martial music stirs the martial feeling and many 
a man under the power of martial music has been 
thrilled with patriotism and inspired to willingly give 


HUMAN NATURK EXPLAINED. 


239 


his life’s blood to deepen the colors of his country’s 
flag; love songs, the mother’s lullaby and the music of 
home excite within one’s nature those tender ties, and 
where is there a heart so cold that it will not revibrate 
in sympathy to sweet songs of love ? Sacred music 
calls out the devotional spirit, and comes like a breeze 
from heaven to awaken our spiritual forces and fit us 
for the enjoyment of celestial song; in like manner, the 
perverted activity of man’s baser -nature has set his 
most carnal feelings to musical rhythm and given to the 
world the very essence of vice, clothed in the sweetest 
melodies; when these are reproduced—as they usually 
are in the dance room—they excite the feelings in the 
dancer that thrilled the carnal heart of their composer, 
hence the seductive power of the midnight whirl, to 
music that was born of hell, though tuned to the har¬ 
mony of heaven. Tune is quite as essential to the 
correct modulation of the voice in speaking as in sing¬ 
ing, a good degree of this faculty is indispensable to the 
highest order of success in elocution; one may have a 
strong voice, and have it well under control so far as 
degree and volume are conc erned, but without Tune it 
will lack variety of tone, harmony and sweetness. 

LANGUAGE—(No. 35-—Fig- 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through that portion of 
the front lobe of the brain lying over the orbital plates; 
when the convolution through which Language is man¬ 
ifested is large it crowds the eyeball forward and down¬ 
ward, giving prominence to the eye and often a fullness 
about a half inch below the eye. 

Language is that faculty that gives the power of 
speech and modulation of tones; it gives verbal memory 
and the power of expression. Without the faculty of 
Language one might utter incoherent sounds by the 
power of the voice, but would be unable to articulate 
and modulate the several tones in such a way as to pro¬ 
duce words. Among the lower animals the tones 
uttered are comparitively simple and correspond with 



240 LANGUAGE. 

the simplicity of their nature; yet unquestionably these 
simple utterances serve the purpose of language and are 
instinctively understood by animals of the same class. 
Among the lower tribes and races of men the number 
of distinct articulations possible and the modulations 
constituting their language are comparatively few. As 
we rise in the scale of intelligence and mental com¬ 
plexity, the power to articulate distinctly and utter a 

Strong. . Moderate. 


Fig. 115.—A. O’Leary, M. D. Fig. 115.—Prof. M. Iope. 

variety of tones is found to increase proportionately. 
The power of articulate speech is natural to man and 
will be strong or weak according to the complexity of 
the mind and the strength of this faculty. The lan¬ 
guage one will use is purely a matter of association and 
education. 

Man in his primitive state, or when characterized by 
propensities and perceptive powers, gave utterance to 
such tones and formulated such language as would con¬ 
vey or give expression to those elements that then ruled 
in his nature; as the higher faculties and sentiments 












HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


241 

became developed, new articulations were formed and 
new words coined to give expression to ever-increasing 
faculties of mind; as the mind became more and more 
complex, the language became correspondingly com¬ 
plex and the vocabulary of words correspondingly in¬ 
creased. In every language there are classes of words 
that are the natural expressions of the several elements 
of the mind. The nature of the language will corre¬ 
spond with the character of the people who evolved it. 
The peculiar character of a language depends primarily 
upon the leading characteristics of the people who coin 
it; the business faculties coin such words as are required 
in trade, the reflective powers such as give expression 
to abstract thought, the observing faculties nouns and 
adjectives, the Moral Sentiments the expressions of 
reverance, submission and justice; the proportion of 
each of these parts in any language will correspond to 
the relative strength of these several elements of mind 
in the nation. Words and phrases come into use or 
fall into disuse accordingly as the disposition of the 
nation changes. A language evolved by philosophic 
and scientific minds, given over to a nation in which 
the social and business qualities greatly predominate 
would soon lose many of its distinctive features and be 
supplimented by the phraseology of trade. What is 
true of the philosophy of language as applied to nations 
is equally true in the individual. Bach person’s favor¬ 
ite vocabulary mirrors his or her mind; those having 
weak imagination and sentiment with strong appetites 
and propensities will naturally select words that are 
expressive of appetite, courage, business and things; 
one in whom the affections and sympathies are strong 
will naturally use many words expressive of these qual¬ 
ities; those having strong Perceptive Faculties and 
Comparison will use many nouns and descriptive adjec¬ 
tives and reduce everything from the abstract to the 
concrete form of speech; while those having strong 
Ideality and Sublimity use many adverbs, they gather 


242 


LANGUAGE. 


the fragrance of language and wreathe it into bouquets 
of beauty, garlands of metaphor, euphony of tones and 
music of speech. The language of Ideality and Sub¬ 
limity is decorative, metaphorical and expansive in 
character, and where combined with Spirituality and 
Veneration, becomes sympathetic, symbolical, fervent 
and reverential. 

The ability to learn languages . depends primarily 
upon the faculty of Language, but it is materially aided 
by Eventuality. Those possessing the faculty in a 
strong degree commit to memory and recite verbatum 
most easily, and quickly learn foreign languages by 
hearing them spoken; where the Reasoning Faculties 
are moderate and Approbation quite strong, such per¬ 
sons are apt to talk words rather than ideas, public 
speakers so constituted are given to verbosity, circum¬ 
locution and tautology; while those in whom the faculty 
is deficient often fail to make their thought understood 
or subject appreciated from the want of language to 
express it. Parents often make the fatal mistake of 
checking children from talking, and in this way destroy 
their natural freedom and power of expression; the 
young mind should be fed so that the child will have 
something to talk about, and then direct the language 
into appropriate channels, insisting upon correct and 
direct modes of speech, so as to avoid superfluity and 
yet not destroy the power of expression. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


243 



REASONING FACULTIES (2), 
/pfpONSISTlNG of Causality (37) and Comparison 
(38), are manifested through the upper portion of 
the front lobe of the brain; the size of their organs 
being indicated by the distance forward, and the full¬ 
ness and prominence' of the upper part of the forehead. 


Fig. 117.—Prof. B. F. Pratt. Fig. 118. 

The Reasoning Faculties are those elements of the 
mind that take the data gathered by the powers of per¬ 
ception and the truths held in the storehouse of memory 
and by comparing and analyzing them draw deductions 
from known facts; they give the power to reason by 
induction and deduction, from cause to effect and 
from effect back to cause; they give the power of logic, 
the tendency and ability for abstract thought; the in¬ 
clination to theorize, plan, speculate and philosophize; 
the power to think abstractly and form conclusions from 
known facts relative to the truth or the propriety of 
things. They are related to mind rather than the 
external world, their special function being to reflect, 
analyze, digest and put together such data as are fur¬ 
nished by the other elements of the mind and form 
conclusions from the same. Their predominance in a 
nature gives the tendency to think, theorize and reason; 


244 


REASONING FACULTIES. 


the direction in which this tendency and power to rea¬ 
son will be most manifest will be determined by the 
relative strength of the other elements of the mind; 
associated with strong energies and Constructiveness, 
persons reason and theorize on the carrying forward of 
extensive works, surmounting great difficulties and 
inventing ways and means of accomplishing difficult 
tasks; combined with a strong social nature, they phil¬ 
osophize upon sociology and the social problems of the 
age; combined with strong Acquisitiveness, they will 
invent plans of making money and theorize on the 
question of finance and whatever pertains to the rela¬ 
tions of capital and labor; combined with strong Moral 
Sentiments, they reason, theorize and philosophize upon 
morality, religion, futurity, reward and punishment 
here and hereafter; combined with strong Perceptive 
Faculties, they give the broad, comprehensive turn of 
mind, the ability to look at things from a logical, rea¬ 
soning standpoint. Where the Perceptive Faculties are 
deficient and the Reasoning Faculties very strong the 
person is sure to be unpractical, he will have a hat full 
of notions, plans and ideas on business, mechanics, 
sociology, moral philosophy, theology or futurity, but 
they are all apt to be characterized by ideal fancy, 
impracticability and therefore of little use outside of the 
world of theory. The deficiency of these powers leaves 
man but little better off than the animals; he must 
depend for his knowledge of things upon instinct, feel¬ 
ing, perception and memory, and were he not made 
conscious of a thing through some of the senses, he 
would be unable to form any conception of it. 

There are many who make very little use of these 
powers; they never stop to ask why a thing is so; they 
seem unable, and uninclined to think, and often where 
a moment's reflection, the putting of known facts 
together, would have saved hours of toil or tears of 
regret, they fail to think . In many schools and colleges 
the policy is to have the pupils commit everything to 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 245 

memory, to gather all knowledge from the books, to 
consult authority for everything they would know, 
rather than think for themselves; such a policy is most 
ruinous to a higher civilization; it destroys the origin¬ 
ality, independence of thought and makes “copy jacks” 
of the majority of the pupils. So long as the few do all 
the thinking , so long the masses will be in slavery. He 
who must always consult authority, and go to his 
library for all truth, is a slave to the opinions of others; 
that man alone is free who can gather the data and 
facts of the world, look into the pages of nature, inter¬ 
pret their wondrous meanings, form his own conclusions 
of the proper relation of things, the duty of man to his 
fellow man and the relation of man to his God. He 
who has once enjoyed the liberty of thinking for him¬ 
self, who has traced effects back through the aeons of 
years, tracked their footprints back to first causes, or 
has launched his boat at the very spring source of a 
cause and followed the stream of Successive Causes 
through its winding ways and dark forests until borne 
by its silvery waters into the great ocean of Effects, 
could not if he would, and would not if he could, go 
back to the dark confines of instinct and superstition 
where the blind lead the blind, neither seeing the light 
of Truth or knowing its illuminating power. From a 
false system of education, we have many college grad¬ 
uates who have really never learned to think, and it is 
a significant fact, worthy of the consideration of college 
faculties, that the majority of men whose originality , logic , 
thought and invention have moved , and are today moving 
the world forward , were not college men , but men whose 
genius was not destroyed in a vain attempt to memorize 
the contents of books. 

In the history of the world the Reasoning Faculties 
have constantly led the march of civilization; they have 
adjusted the data gathered by the other elements of the 
mind and built from them all of the inventions, sciences, 
philosophies and logic; they have utilized the facts of 


CAUSALITY. 


246 


history, the logic of. events, shaped the destiny of 
nations, adjusted the relations of men, reared the phil¬ 
osophy of morals, proved the correctness of revelation 
and even grasped the purposes of cosmic force in its 
upward march from nature to nature’s God. 

CAUSALITY— (No. 37-— F'g. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through the upper por¬ 
tion of the front lobe of the brain; the size of its organ 
is estimated by the fullness and development of the 
upper part of the forehead about an inch outward from 
the middle line or just above Locality. 

Strong. Weak. 



Causality is that faculty that studies causation; it 
seeks to grasp the relation of cause and effect; it discerns 
the end from the beginning; it concieves what must 
have been the beginning from the end; it is the basis of 
reason, the principal element in philosophy, the pri¬ 
mary power in logic. It digests the materials gathered 
by the Perceptive Faculties, formulates conclusions of 
the relations of things and directs them in the applica¬ 
tion of causes to produce desired effects. A simple 
illustration: I am shown the half of an orange and 
told that it was grown on an isle in the sea of which I 
have no knowledge. By a simple process of reasoning, 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 247 

I may positively know many things; among others, I 
know that the other half of that orange did 
exist, that it grew on a tree, that this here¬ 
tofore unknown island is in a tropical clime, has a cer¬ 
tain kind of soil, I know where I must hunt if I would 
find the island, I know I shall have no need of furs or 
warm clothing, I know what I can grow when I get 
there; and so we might extend our deductions until we 
would positively know hundreds of things about this 
particular island, and before ever seeing it be able to 
prepare for its future inhabitance. Thus Causality by 
using the data furnished by the other faculties gives us 
definite knowledge without us having to wait for obser¬ 
vation or experience; it reasons from the known to the 
unknown and assures us in the beginning what the end 
will be. It hears the voice of Appetite and plans ways 
and means for its gratification; it takes cognizance of 
the demands of the affections, reasons out the proper 
relations of the individual to society and of local 
societies to humanity in general; it combines with Ideal¬ 
ity and Approbation to formulate plans to gratify ambi¬ 
tion; it combines with Conscience to rear a moral 
philosophy that shall be just to all men, in settling 
their disputes, determining their relations and establish¬ 
ing the penalty for their transgressions; it combines 
with Spirituality and Veneration, and by reasoning that 
every effect must have had its cause, it traces the 
phenomena of the universe back and ever backward to 
find a first cause, forms a limited conception of God, 
endows him with the wondrous power of control over 
the physical and spiritual world, worships and reveres 
Him in nature, in law and spiritual sympathy. Thus 
it takes data from every source and by the aid of Com¬ 
parison, weighs it in the balance of reason, sounds it by 
the plummet of logic, measures it by the chain of 
deduction, compares it with known facts, discards what¬ 
ever it deems wrong, passes back the approved proposi¬ 
tion to the elements of mind from whence it came, 


CAUSALITY. 


248 

robbed of its inconsistencies and stamped with the sanc¬ 
tion of judgment, ready to be used by them in their 
relation to the world. Causality has not inappropri¬ 
ately been called “the faculty of Why?”; it is the 
inquirer of the mind, the interrogation point of the soul; 
other elements of the mind are quite contented to know 
that a thing is so, this faculty must know why. When 
the Perceptive Faculties bring evidence that a thing is, 
Causality asks “Why?” When Spirituality, from its 
communion with the Holy Spirit, declares the Spirit’s 
existence, Causality says, “How do you know? Give 
us your evidence, we must have a reason for your 
faith.” It is often blind and inconsistent in its 
demands, being quite willing to accept as true one 
phenomenon of nature because it is common, yet stub¬ 
bornly unwilling to accept another because it can not 
understand it; thus it often parades its logical conclu¬ 
sions relative to law and order in nature, but refuses to 
recognize nature’s God; in reality the phenomena of one 
is equally as incomprehensible to the human mind as 
the phenomena of the other. Could we comprehend 
the wondrous forces that are developing, perfuming and 
painting the petals of the rose we could comprehend the 
wonders of its Creator. Causality is the truth-seeker, 
the thought-producer, the theorizer; it gives the power 
of judgment upon known facts; it is the forerunner of 
civilization. It reasons out wliat may be and the pos¬ 
sibility of things and then the other faculties, aided by 
the energies, work out, bring about and materialize the 
mental concepts of Causality. Causality convinced 
Columbus that the earth was round; it taught Newton 
the law of gravitation; it gave Galileo his conception of 
the planets; it combined with Ideality to give Plato his 
ideal philosophy; with Spirituality to give Swedenborg 
his conceptions of the soul; with Comparison, Spiritual¬ 
ity and Conscience to rear Comb’s “Moral Philosophy.” 
Wherever man has applied known causes to produce 
effects or has traced effects back to their causes, in 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 249 

science, invention, mechanism, art, business or in the 
simple affairs of life, there Causality has been influen¬ 
tial and indispensable. Its predominance in persons 
inclines them to reason independently upon all sub¬ 
jects; if the mind has not been well informed their 
conclusions may be most impracticable because reason¬ 
ing from a narrow or false premise, nevertheless they 
will reason and insist upon having a reason for every¬ 
thing; with strong Courage and Firmness they enjoy 
debate and never give up in argument; with strong 
Mirthfulness will be most witty and excel in repartee; 
with strong Acquisitiveness it plans how to make 
money; with Eventuality it studies the logic of events; 
with the other intellectual faculties and Constructive¬ 
ness it plans and contrives ways and means to gain 
desired ends. 

A low order of Causality may be seen in many of 
the lower animals, where reason aids instinct to form 
simple combinations in the application of simple causes 
to produce desired results. Among some of the savage 
tribes of men the reasoning power manifest is but little 
above that of the animal, while in higher civilized life 
a very large per cent of man’s activities are based upon 
the reasonable application of known facts and laws to 
produce desired effects. In the natural order of mental 
development, Causality does not become manifest in the 
child’s mind as early as the Perceptive Faculties. The 
age at which children will begin to reason from cause 
to effect varies according to the mental make-up and 
natural strength of Causality in the mind. Those chil¬ 
dren that are always asking “Why?” and are never 
willing to be put off without a reason have the faculty 
of Causality strong, and if properly educated may be¬ 
come well-informed and independent thinkers; it is an 
outrage against this faculty to put the child off without 
giving it a reason; not unfrequently the reason why is 
withheld from the child until the faculty becomes weak 
and the mind no longer seeks truth or requires a rea- 


250 


COMPARISON. 


son, but spends its force in some other direction, while 
by feeding the faculty and then insisting upon the child 
knowing the reason why, and giving a reason for every¬ 
thing, the thirst for knowledge will constantly increase 
and the power to think, reason and form conclusions 
for itself will be constantly augmented. 

COMPARISON—(No. 38.—Fig. 23.) 

This faculty is manifested through that portion of 
the brain forming the central upper part of the fore¬ 
head, the size of its organ is estimated by the height 
and fullness of the center of the forehead. 


Strong. 


Weak. 



Fig. 121.—Chas. J. Holmes. Fig. 122.—C. J. C, 


Comparison is that faculty that gives 
the power to compare, classify, draw 
inferences, to analyze, criticise, to see 
resemblances and differences, analogies 
and similarities. Like Causality, it acts 
upon the subject matter furnished by 
the other elements of the mind. In 
relation to the senses, it takes the data relative to the 
property of things and compares them, thereby aiding 
Causality in forming a conclusion, it is therefore one of 
the essential elements in judgment. The Perceptive 
Faculties take cognizance of things, recognize their 



Fig. 123. 



HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 25I 

form, size, color, number, order and locality, these sev¬ 
eral properties are presented to Comparison, which 
analyzes and perceives the differences in things and 
wherein things of a different order resemble one another 
and perceives the similarity and dissimilarity of things 
belonging to the same or different classes. For exam¬ 
ple: there is very little resemblance to the casual 
observer between the sportsman and his dog, but on 
closer study, by the aid of Comparison we find that 
there is a most striking resemblance in all of the princi¬ 
pal organs of the body, bones, muscles, vitals, nerves, 
brain, etc., so that if we study and compare their anat¬ 
omy they have more points of resemblance than of 
difference; again as we look at them in their external 
appearance, posture and manner, they are so substan¬ 
tially different as to appear almost without resem¬ 
blance. Now through the Perceptive Faculties the mind 
takes cognizance of the peculiarities of each part of the 
anatomy composing the two organizations, while Com¬ 
parison perceives the resemblances wherein they re¬ 
semble and the differences wherein they differ. The 
same law applies in the relation of Comparison to all 
data gathered from the external world by the senses. 
Comparison considers the impulses, reasons or sugges¬ 
tions arising from the feelings, sentiments, Causality 
and Eventuality, compares them in strength, import¬ 
ance and influence with others of like character and 
order, and thereby helps to make up the judgment. 
For instance, the feeling of Friendship demands and 
by its demands give a desire to attend a social gather¬ 
ing, the consciousness that a storm is raging excites 
Caution, so that it protests with the voice of fear against 
the needless exposure <0 the inclement weather; here 
are two feelings, Caution and Friendship, presenting 
their demands to the judgment, Friendship declaring 
that it must go, Caution protesting with the voice of 
fear; here Comparison measures or compares the de¬ 
mands and evidences of each with that of the other, 


252 


COMPARISON. 


thereby aiding Causality in its efforts to determine from 
the beginning what the end would be, and helping to 
make up the final judgment. In this mental operation 
Comparison co-operated with the feelings and it not 
only had to compare the strength of the two desires, 
but all the facts pertaining to the pleasures of the party 
and the fear of the storm. Where Comparison com¬ 
bines with the facts held in memory and Causality, it 
weighs and compares evidence, analyzes, reasons, forms 
deductions and is the primary faculty in inductive 
and deductive reasoning. It compares the present with 
the past and thereby aids Causality in forming a correct 
judgment of the future. Its predominance inclines 
persons to reason by analogy and similes; they prove, 
or attempt to prove, the facts pertaining to one thing by 
its resemblance to other things that are known; they 
see resemblances and differences everywhere and pos¬ 
sess great power of analysis; they like to study a thing 
by taking it to pieces and examining it in its disinte¬ 
grated form; they write and speak in parables and alle¬ 
gories and present to the mind by figures of speech, 
similes and metaphors what would be most difficult to 
state and more difficult to understand if given in the 
abstract. Comparison is a most essential element in 
every business and vocation of life. It is indispensable 
iu all branches of science, literature, art, mechanism, 
business and even the most common affairs of life; with¬ 
out the power of Comparison one would know very 
little, for all knowledge of things is but relative and 
comparitive. The human mind is incapable of grasping 
any truth in the absolute ; each sense by which we recog¬ 
nize the external world conveys its perception to the 
mind, but this perception does not prove anything defi¬ 
nite. We know the size, form, color, position and 
relation of things as compared to other things in our 
minds or in the world about us, but aside from this 
comparative and relative knowledge we know nothing. 
For instance, I am on a westbound train, I start to the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 253 

rear or the train if I consider my direction of travel as 
compared to the floor on which I am walking I am 
going east, but because of the greater speed of the 
train, I am, as compared to the longitude of the earth, 
traveling west, but since the earth rotates at the rate of 
a thousand miles an hour eastward I am surely travel¬ 
ing east, and yet my direction of travel is unsettled, 
for the direction of the earth in its orbit about the sun 
and the relation of our system to other systems, and 
the relation of systems to systems of which we know 
nothing, proves conclusively that I do not know which 
way I am traveling, and that my knowledge of direc¬ 
tion, like all knowledge, is but comparative, relative 
and ends in mystery to the finite mind. In like man¬ 
ner, all of the feelings, instincts, sentiments and the 
impulses arising therefrom are relative and comparative; 
what may be the wishes and longings of the heart 
today, arising from some feeling or sentiment, may 
have completely changed by tomorrow, so that the 
desire will be opposite; the change that took place was 
not in the thing desired but in the impulses that gave 
the desire. The faculty of Comparison compares the 
evidence pertaining to material things, and thereby aids 
the judgment in forming its every conclusion, whether 
it be in our deductions and comparisons of things in the 
external world or in comparing the relative strength, 
value and importance of the impulses and desires aris¬ 
ing from our various instincts, feelings and sentiments. 
Comparison not only compares things, feelings and 
sentiments present, but with Kventuality it performs 
that mental process by which we recall the appearances 
of a thing long since observed and compare it with 
whatever is presented to the mind. In the more 
lofty altitudes of mental and moral philosophy, 
Comparison weighs the evidence, theoretic and other¬ 
wise, and thereby aids its twin brother, Causality, in all 
that pertains to philosophy, science and logic. 


254 


THE MORAL SENTIMENTS. 


THE ITORAL SENTIMENTS (5), 

CONSISTING of Conscience (39), Hope (40), 
Spirituality (41), Veneration (42) and Kindness 
(43), are manifested through the top part of the brain; 
the size of their organs is estimated by the height, 
breadth and fullness of the top head; their strong mani¬ 
festation gives a frank, honest, candid, pure, clear, 
elevated expression to the face. 


Weak. 


Strong. 




Fig. 124.—Mother Riddell. 


The Moral Sentiments are those elements in man’s 
nature that lift him above the brute kingdom and make 
him a moral accountable being. They are the inner 
monitors that urge him to do what is right and avoid 
the wrong; they give the sense of justice, the desire to 
do right because it is right. They are the sacred 
torches that light the soul through the darkness of 
earth in its upward march towards heaven; they give 
that anticipation of future success, the tendency to hope 
on hope ever, and when the desires of earth begin to 
fade away, they lift the star of Hope into the heavens 
and contemplate the joys beyond the vale. They are 
the founders of religion; they give the sense of rever¬ 
ence, respect and adoration to God, His word and His 
works and all things sacred. They are the windows of 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


255 

the soul, through which the light of the Holy Spirit 
sheds its golden beams of glory into the soul of man 
that it may be filled with light so “there shall be no 
night there;” they give faith and confidence in spiritual 
things and convey to the mind the sense of man’s rela¬ 
tion and spiritual sympathy with a higher power than 
himself. They are the Christ that is in man; they give 
the humane feeling, the sense of sympathy, charity, 
kindness and the spirit of brotherly love. They are 
the crowning element in man’s nature, the natural 
rulers and governors of the mind, the powers that were 
implanted in man to control his propensities, direct his 
impulses, keep down selfishness, overcome evil and 
destroy animality by the reign of Spirituality. They 
are that part of man’s nature that lifts him above the 
brute kingdom, and gives him his distinguishing charac¬ 
teristics as man; they produce whatever is humane or 
Godlike in man; they were implanted in his nature to 
bring man from animality to spirituality; to change 
him from his resemblance and likeness of the brute to 
the resemblance and likeness of God. Embodied in 
man’s lower nature are all of the elements, propensi¬ 
ties and peculiarities of the brute kingdom, over which 
God has engrafted the Moral Sentiments—attributes of 
His own nature—and promised them dominion over the 
brute, not so much over the beasts that roam the plain 
or prowl the forests as dominion over the animality that 
is in man. In proportion as these attributes of the 
higher nature control and rule over the animal king¬ 
dom, in that same proportion will there be joy, peace, 
happiness and sunshine in the soul; but as long as the 
brute kingdom reigns triumphantly in the individual or 
nation, so long will war, anguish, pain, heartaches and 
jealousy continue to be the condition and lot of man. 
All war and bloodshed that has darkened the past or 
stained the pages of history have been but the conflict 
that is ever going on between the propensities and the 
Moral Sentiments, each striving for the supremacy; this 


THE MORAL SENTIMENTS. 


256 

conflict must continue until the principles of good 
triumph over the principles of evil, and the Moral 
Sentiments reign in the mind of man. The object , aim 
and end of all reform and reformation is to make these 
Moral Sentiments in reality zvhat they were intended to be 
by the Creator , the rnlers of the mind , having dominion 
over the kingdom of mans soul; for this purpose they 
were given, for this, the mind of the prophet was 
inspired, for this the law was written, for this a star 
shone in the east and a babe was born in Bethlehem, 
for this a Savior suffered and died, for this the church 
was established, for this the Bible was written, for this 
the martyrs suffered and millions of souls heroically 
quit this mortal life, that the principles of these facul¬ 
ties might live, even though they subsisted upon their 
life blood, for this the church has made its fight, has 
passed through the Crusades, and to this end all things 
tend that have for their object the upbuilding of Christ’s 
kingdom in the hearts of men. 

The steady march and growth of civilization from 
the cruelty of savagery, with its dark night of ignor¬ 
ance, to the glories of our civilization with its golden 
light of intelligence, but marks the growth of the Moral 
Sentiments in man. The modern home with all its 
conveniences, our modes of transportation, business and 
trade, our great social and political institutions, our 
colleges on a thousand hills, our church spires piercing 
the blue canopy of heaven, our school bells that con¬ 
stantly fill the air with the music of intelligence, our 
pulpit oratory that re-echoes from four hundred thou¬ 
sand pulpits the doctrines of morality and salvation, 
our charity and orphan homes and hospitals for the 
sick, our innumerable benevolent societies, nay, all that 
makes our civilization grand and beautiful, are but the 
expressions of these sentiments, as guided by intelli¬ 
gence and aided by energy. Take from man today the 
sense of justice, the reverence for God, the hope of a 
hereafter, the faith and communion with spirit life, the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 257 

charity, kindness and sympathy given by these senti¬ 
ments, and civilization, like a wave of the sea that has 
crashed against the granite rocks, will begin to roll 
backward, the school bells will stop ringing, the quiet, 
tranquil atmosphere of the Sabbath will no longer 
vibrate to pulpit oratory, the unfortunate ones will be 
left to die in their misery, Athens will crumble to dust 
and civilization be precipitated to a lower and lower 
plane until animality will reign supreme, and the dark¬ 
ness of savagery erase from the pages of history and the 
face of the earth all footprints of our civilization. 
Whatever is truly admirable, whatever is worthy of 
reverance, whatever is good and pure, whatever is 
honorable and venerable, whatever is kind and charita¬ 
ble, whatever is Christ-like in man’s nature, comes to 
him through these sentiments. Accordingly as they 
predominate over the propensities will they have the 
supremacy of power to direct the actions and mould the 
character. 

The Moral Sentiments co-operate with every ele¬ 
ment of mind, but always with the same influence 
of uplifting, elevating, refining and purifying; they 
would have Appetite serve but never rule; they would 
direct the energies that their forces might be expended 
in directions conducive to human happiness and would 
restrain them from the abuses of auger and prejudice; 
they would elevate love and make it pure, that the 
ardor of love might be sweetened by the perfume of 
heaven; they would guide parental affection, that the 
parents might love the child’s future life, character and 
soul better than the child; they would elevate ambition 
to that altitude where it would desire “a good name 
rather than riches;” they would excite Courage and 
Firmness to be brave and steadfast on the side of right, 
truth and justice; they would admonish Acquisitiveness 
to accumulate wealth for its proper uses, but threaten 
it with eternal destruction for its abuses; they would 
direct the intellect to study, think, acquire knowledge 


THE MORAL SENTIMENTS. 


258 

of history, literature, science and philosophy, but have 
it remember that “The fear of the Lord is the 
beginning of wisdom,” and that all truth gained and 
knowledge acquired should be used to bring the life in 
harmony with higher law, promote human happiness, 
expand the soul and help in the building of heaven. 
The predominance of the Moral Sentiments in persons 
inclines them to prefer good rather than evil, to be 
venerating, honest, spiritual, credulous and charitable. 

The great differences observable in the moral and 
religious characteristics of people are due largely to a 
difference in the relative strength of the five Moral 
Sentiments. One having strong Conscience will be 
honest, upright and just to all men, and yet if Venera¬ 
tion be moderate, he may show very little reverence for 
the author of the laws he so rigidly obeys, his prayers— 
if he utters them audibly—may seem cold and mechani¬ 
cal, and if Kindness is also deficient and the propensi¬ 
ties strong, justice may even seem cruel. Another 
having moderate Conscience, but strong Veneration and 
Kindness, will be devoutly reverential, fervent in 
prayer, zealous in Christian works, a^d yet from the 
lack of Conscience, may be decidedly dishonest. An¬ 
other having strong Spirituality and Hope, will ever 
seem to be in touch with the spirit life, conscious of the 
constant existence of good and evil spirits all about 
him, sure that angels hover overhead; yet if Firmness 
and Conscience be moderate, he will perhaps be entirely 
out of sympathy with the orthodox creed, the stereo¬ 
typed ritual, or out of patience with people who base 
their faith on the Bible and are not willing to open 
right up and take the Spirit as it comes. Still another, 
having a predominance of Kindness will spread a gospel 
of sympathy, tenderness and charity, a religion of doing 
good and caring for the unfortunate, the sweet, chari¬ 
table spirit of the Savior, His word and works are a 
constant feast to such a one’s soul and the inspiration 
of his life; yet if Conscience be moderate he may not be 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


259 


very reliable or exact in questions of honesty; with 
Hope deficient, he often take a discouraged view of 
things and say, u Ah, well, the surest way to gain 
heaven is to say a kind word or do a kind act to some 
other poor soul;” with moderate Veneration, he will 
express much more sympathy for man than reverence 
to God or creeds; with Spirituality moderate, he may 
have little conception of the hereafter, but through the 
one strong sentiment of Kindness, he will cry, “Give 
us heaven while here below.” The inconsistent lives 
of Christians, that are as real as unfortunate, will be 
better understood when the masses have grasped a true 
philosophy of mind. When we understand that prayer 
comes from one sentiment, justice and honesty from 
another, faith and credulity from another, kindness and 
sympathy from still another, and^hat none of these are 
necessarily related to or depending upon one another, 
any more than the love of mathematics and the love of 
children; when we understand that one sentiment may 
be very strong and another very weak in the same 
mind, and that the character manifest will correspond 
to their relative strength, then we can understand how 
a man can be most prayerful and venerating, yet from 
lack of Conscience dishonest; most sympathetic and 
tender, yet from lack of Spirituality uncredulant and of 
little faith; or be most susceptible to spiritual influ¬ 
ences, alive to the unseen and yet from the lack of Con¬ 
science, be most dishonest, and from the lack of 
Veneration most unreverential. The consistent and 
harmonious Christian character is composed of five 
ingredients, Conscience, Hope, Veneration, Spirituality 
and Kindness, the absence of any one of these leaves 
the compound defective and therefore necessarily incon¬ 
sistent in some one or more directions; each of these 
' ingredients have their full share of work to do in guid¬ 
ing and controlling the propensities, that the inner life 
may be right and in regulating the outer life so that it 
may be most useful; if each does not do its part, it must 


26 o 


THE MORAL SENTIMENTS. 


go undone and the character be correspondingly weak in 
that direction. In proportion as these sentiments pre¬ 
dominate over the Selfish Propensities will they be able 
to direct and control them, while in the case of a defi¬ 
ciency of any sentiment or a very strong propensity, 
the moral factor will be unable to control the selfish 
one. For instance: Two persons, each having Kind¬ 
ness the same, so that they have an equal amount of 
the feeling of charity, but one having Acquisitiveness 
strong the other weak, and each possessing the same 
amount of wealth, the latter could give with perfect 
ease and enjoy the giving, while the former, because of 
his strong Acquisitiveness, would be pained at having 
to part with his gold. Again: two persons having like 
knowledge and Firmness are tempted to drink or to 
over-indulge the appetites, in one Appetite is very 
strong, in the other it is moderate, the latter has the 
stability to resist the temptation, the former yields; the 
difference in their conduct is due not to greater moral 
courage on the part of one than the other, but because 
the temptation is less, the one that yielded may have put 
forth more effort than the one that did not . In like man¬ 
ner, two persons possessing equal amount of Conscience, 
Firmness and desire for integrity, their needs of finance 
are the same, but in one Acquisitiveness and Secretive¬ 
ness are very strong, in the other they are but moder¬ 
ate, temptatien comes alike in the way of each, the 
former yields, the latter is tempted but resists; they are 
judged according to their actions , and yet the former 
may have made a much greater fight before yielding than 
the latter did to resist the temptation, the punishment 
of the former and the public approval of the latter may 
both be unjust. Many a villain has made a harder fight 
for honor , virtue or uprightness than the average Christian 
whose life is pointed to as exemplary. No man has any 
right to boast of his goodness or virtue; the only thing 
of which we have a right to be proud of is the effort we 
have put forth, and the only thing under heaven of which 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


26l 


man need be ashamed is of not having done his best. Most 
people are what they are more through their inherent 
tendencies, force of environments and the grace of 
God—that quickened their spiritual sentiments—than 
from moral effort or self-denial on their part; therefore 
the position or moral standing one occupies is not a 
true test of virtue or vice, the effort one has put forth is 
the only standard by which broad-minded justice can 
judge man. One-half the effort that one man puts 
forth to do sufficiently right to keep out of the peniten¬ 
tiary, would make another man a respectable Christian. 

The deficiency of the Moral Sentiments makes it 
extremely difficult for the unfortunate individual so 
constituted to conform to the laws of morality and jus¬ 
tice that govern society; he is behind the march of 
civilization, beneath the standard of public sentiment 
and for him to keep up to mediocrity requires more 
volition and greater effort on his part than for one more 
favorably endowed to meet the higher demands. To be 
sure, the grace of God is sufficient for the vilest, but 
even the grace of God is subject to natural law in enter¬ 
ing the hearts of men and will enter only as man opens 
the way, and this unfortunate individual is just so con¬ 
stituted that he has no desire to open the way, and even 
though he does by personal effort pull back the shutters 
and say, “Let the light of the Spirit come in,” the 
windows of his soul are so small that for a time at least 
the light is greatly obscured, or seemingly lost in the 
darkness of the propensities. Fortunately for man, 
these sentiments grow by use, and as the sensitive plate 
in the telescope by long exposure sees what no human 
eye could ever have seen, so by constantly keeping the 
windows of the soul open towards heaven and exposing 
the feelings to the spirit of God, impression* will be 
made on the sensitive plate of the soul and character 
formed that could never be built by volition, habit or 
logic. 


262 


CONSCIENCE. 


CONSCIENCE—(No. 39-—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the back por¬ 
tion of the top head; the size of its organ is indicated 
by the height and fullness of the head directly upward 
on a line with the back of the ear, on each side of 
Firmness, or about an inch and a half outward from the 
central line. It finds expression mainly in the eyes 
and forehead, and is especially indicated by straight 
parallel lines in the forehead and perpendicular lines 
between the eyebrows. Contorted, crooked lines in 
the forehead usually indicate crooks in the character. 



Conscience is that sentiment that gives the desire to 
do right, that suffers when wrong or injustice has been 
committed; it gives the sense of integrity and honesty; 
it is the basis of justice, the inspirer of duty, the pri¬ 
mary factor of morality and the protector of purity. It 
is a sentiment that of itself is incapable of forming any 
conception of what is right or wrong, its specific func¬ 
tion being to urge us to do what knowledge, judgment 
or intuition decides is right. Just what may seem right 
or appear to be wrong to a mind depends largely, if not 
entirely, upon the education. A most conscientious 
child, never having heard of the Sabbath or the custom 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 263 

and duty of keeping it as a day of rest and thanksgiv¬ 
ing, would feel no more remorse of conscience for work¬ 
ing on that day than any other. The Hindostan mother 
in her idolatrous worship throws her child into the 
Ganges to be covered by its dark waters to appease the 
supposed wrath of the offended gods, believing she is 
doing right; in this seemingly inhuman act she is most 
conscientious, and her every-day life proves the most 
faithful honesty and integrity. From this it must not 
be understood that our conceptions of what is right are 
dependent entirely upon a fixed standard of morals or 
what we have been taught, for there is a higher educa¬ 
tion or training of the mental powers by which we are 
able to reason out, even in the absence of any estab¬ 
lished moral code, what is right or wrong. The con¬ 
clusions arising from this process of reasoning relative 
to justice has by many been mistaken for a primary 
element or factor of mind; but a close analysis of the 
mental operations in forming such conclusions, will 
prove to the careful student that it is a matter of judg¬ 
ment, based upon reason and the intelligent considera¬ 
tion of the questions involved. The intuitive sense of 
what is right is the result of Conscience acting in con¬ 
junction with Spirituality. Where one is impressed as 
to what is right, aside from judgment or knowledge, the 
impression is not primarily from the sentiment of Con - 
science , but is through the sentiment of Spirituality , co-oper¬ 
ating with Conscience. The primary office of Conscience, 
then, is not to say what is right or wrong, but to supply 
the desire to do what, according to the decision of judg¬ 
ment, knowledge, or intuition, is conceded to be right. 
When wrong is committed, Conscience suffers the pen¬ 
alty, and if it be strong, it will make the whole mind 
miserable, while if its voice is heard and admonitions 
obeyed, from its gratification there comes a sense of 
pleasure to every element of the mind, as they hear the 
approving voice of Conscience saying, “Well done, thou 
good and faithful servant.’ 1 


264 


CONSCIENCE. 


Conscience acts upon every element of the mind; it 
gives direction to energy, guidance to Appetite, honesty 
to Acquisitiveness, candor to Secretiveness, fidelity to 
love, integrity to the word, justice to the judgment, 
nobility to ambition, punctuality to the engagements, 
loyalty to the professions, faithfulness to trust, reliabil¬ 
ity to character and honer to the soul. Its predomin¬ 
ance in individuals inclines them to be honest and 
upright in all things. The direction in which it will 
be most fully manifest will depend upon the action of 
other elements and the education. Two persons hav¬ 
ing the same amount of Conscience, but differing in 
other ways, will each do what to the other would seem 
very wrong; for instance, if one has very strong Time 
and Calculation, with moderate Kindness, and the other 
has those faculties weak but Kindness very strong, the 
former would be very exact in keeping an appointment 
and feel very much conscience smitten if he failed to do 
so, while an opportunity to lend a hand of charity 
might be passed every day, with very little, if any, 
remorse of conscience; the latter would be far less exact 
in time, would feel no special sense of remorse at the 
thought of being a few minutes late and having not 
kept his word, and yet from the strong sense of Kind¬ 
ness if he were to see some one in need and from some 
trivial cause fail to lend a helping hand, his Conscience 
would smart him all day for it. This simple contrast 
is sufficient to illustrate the way in which Conscience 
combines to produce various effects in different charac¬ 
ters, but wherever it is strong it will serve to control 
the abuses of all of the propensities and direct them into 
legitimate channels simply by giving pleasure for 
approval and displeasure for reproof. Its deficiency in 
persons leaves them void of the pleasure that comes 
from the consciousness of having done right and the 
remorse that follows from doing wrong; such persons, 
however, may not be void of all restraint, for self re¬ 
spect or personal pride holds many to a life of respecta- 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 265 

bility, even where Conscience is moderate, they feel 
that this or that is beneath or unworthy of them; again, 
Ideality and the sense of the perfect and the beautiful 
helps to form and perfect many characters in which 
Conscience is deficient, the intellectual faculties in such 
natures combine with poetic sentiment and serve to 
perfect their characters and make them consistent, not 
from the love of justice and right but from the love of 
harmony. Not unfrequently persons are actuated by 
the sense of love, they do right for the sake of the loved 
one; many more through Caution and the fear of God 
and man; but perhaps the greatest factor in directing 
human conduct, aside from the sense and love of right, 
comes through Caution and Approbation. In many 
natures Approbation and Conscience are so confounded 
as to be mistaken for each other, the actuating power is 
not a question of “What is right?” but “What is expe¬ 
dient?” “What will the people think or say?” “What 
does society demand?” “What will secure the approval 
of those whose approbation is most desirable?” These 
and like questions make up the conscience of millions; 
the real question of what is right in the abstract never enters 
the mind . A person in whom Approbation is very 
strong and Conscience moderate would feel quite con¬ 
tented and happy when having won the approval of 
society or friends, while one with strong Conscience and 
moderate Approbation, if conscious of having done 
wrong, even though it won the approval and applause 
of the world, would suffer a bitter sense of self condem¬ 
nation. In properly controlling the propensities, in 
building a symmetrical character, in conforming one’s 
life to the higher principles of law and justice, Con¬ 
science is indispensable, without it the mind is like a 
mariner without a compass. On the activity of this 
sentiment depends private and public honor. Destroy 
the sense of conscience in the individual and you have 
a character that is totally unreliable; destroy public 
conscience, which is but the perfume of private con- 


266 CONSCIENCE. 

science, and you destroy public honor and public trust. 

It is well nigh impossible for the mind to grasp the 
influence of this sentiment in society, business, politics 
and religion. All social relations are but the expres¬ 
sions of the social feelings as guided by intelligence and 
based upon personal honor and fidelity. Fully ninety- 
eight per cent of all business transactions are based 
upon faith in the integrity and honor of men and the 
public conscience that enforces justice; destroy either 
faith or honor and we destroy the credit system and 
every mode of exchange, except where two persons 
trade hand to hand such things as can be seen to be 
what they are represented to be before the exchange of 
commodities. Politics is one round of public trust, and 
without the sense of honor arising from Conscience, the 
whole scheme of politics and government would be a 
farce of no value to anyone save the players. Take 
Conscience from religion and Christianity and we 
destroy all that makes it really commendable to reason 
and judgment, leaving blind superstition, hypocrisy 
and inconsistency. The whole realm of human exis¬ 
tence and association, from where two innocent children 
give each other their word in idle play, up through all 
the obligations that come in the relations of men, the 
associations of societies, the treaties of nations, nay 
even to where God said, “I will not again destroy the 
earth,” are based upon Conscience, without which the 
whole system would go to pieces like a rope of sand. 

Conscience is the executor of moral law; it demands 
justice, not only between individuals but in the activity 
of all the other elements of the mind. Few persons 
realize how much their success or failure in life depends 
upon doing right. The old maxim, that “An honest 
man is the noblest work of God,” has many meanings. 
An honest man is the only man that really makes a suc¬ 
cess; there is no real success but the success of honor. He 
who is dishonestly piling up a fortune, or through 
deception winning fame and thereby compromising with 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 267 

his conscience is not making a success of life, but is 
laboring under a mental illusion. He is like the child 
that looked steadily into the rapid stream until he 
thought he was moving with great rapidity towards its 
source, but finally the brain became dizzy, he pitched 
in and was drowned; so many a man, as he looks into 
his coffers, or sees his name in print in high honor, 
thinks he is passing rapidly up the stream of fame or 
fortune, but sooner or later, from this constant looking, 
he, too, will become dizzy and fall, only to be buried in 
the dark waters of his own illusions. A dishonorable 
success is a disgracefulfailure\ he alone has a right to 
claim success who can look down from the heights he 
occupies and .say, U I came all the way on the steps of 
honor, loyalty and integrity.” Considered purely from 
a worldly standpoint of view, 110 man can afford to 
abuse or compromise with his Conscience; to abuse 
Appetite is bad enough, to abuse the intellect is worse, 
but to outrage Conscience is to crush in one’s nature 
that which is grandest, loftiest, noblest and most God¬ 
like. He who understands the far-reaching influence of 
this crowning element in man’s nature should be last to 
compromise with it. Millions are failures in life 
because they have yielded to petty temptation and 
brought self-condemnation, suffered the loss of self- 
respect and self-reliance and thereby unqualified them¬ 
selves for the higher positions that nature intended 
them for. Millions have been led into vice and crime 
for having once compromised with their Conscience, 
when temptation came again the inner sense of guilt 
completely disarmed them, self-control was soon lost, 
self-respect died and a life of disgrace followed. A very 
large per cent of all the misery, want and woe of the 
earth is the direct or indirect result of outraging Con¬ 
science. He who would be happy in the enjoyment of 
the activity of all the other elements of the mind, who 
would feel that the whole world is beneath his feet, that 
God alone rules above him; he who would enjoy the 


268 


HOPE. 


pleasures of life, the beauties of nature, the poetry of 
earth, or the music of heaven to his greatest capacity 
must keep the conscience void of offense, keep the inner 
life so that he can feel that he could without fear throw 
the door of the mind open and invite the whole world 
to look within, knowing that the mind is clean and the 
conscience clear. Too much pains can not be taken by 
parents and teachers in exciting this sentiment to proper 
activity in children. The child should be taught to do 
right for right’s sake; praise and blame should ever be 
based upon right and wrong and never upon the sense of 
flattery. If honesty and conscience are to rule in the 
child’s life the parents must appeal to and govern 
through this sentiment, if they govern through appro¬ 
bation or by appealing to appetite, they may well 
expect vanity and appetite to govern the child in later 
years. 

HOPE—(No. 40.—Fig. 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the upper 
central portion of the brain; the size of its organ is indi¬ 
cated by the height of the head on a line directly 
upward from the front of the ear, at about an inch and 
a half to each side of the central line, or just in front of 
Conscience. Hope is especially expressed through the 
eye, its activity giving an upward glance and a promin¬ 
ent, animated, buoyant expression. 

Hope, as the name implies, is that sentiment that 
gives the sense of expectancy and anticipation of future 
success; it gives the tendency to take a favorable view 
of the future, to anticipate something better farther on; 
it inclines one to take a bright, hopeful view of things; 
it paints a silvery lining in every cloud; it holds a 
bright future ever before us; it deflects the sunbeams 
into the dark recesses of the soul; it is the torchlight of 
imagination that moves on ahead of the procession of 
life to light the way and display the wondrous beauties 
of what is just - beyond; it brightens today with the 
thought of the light of tomorrow. It brings joy and 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


269 


gladness to the child as he looks forward in anticipation 
of the advantages of youth; it lights up the ambitions 
of his early manhood as he dreams of the triumphs of a 
business or professional career; it helps him to overcome 
obstacles, surmount difficulties, and as he burns the 
midnight oil through the weary years of college life, 
Hope lights the soul and fans the ambition into a flame 
by holding an enticing, bright future just ahead; all the 
way up the steeps of life, amid the dark shadows of 
discouragement and the torment of disappointment, 
Hope still lights the future, assuring his mind that “it 

Strong. Weak. 



Fig. 128.—Hon. Wilfred Laurier. 



Fig. 129. 


is better further on;” when the zenith of life is passed, 
and the once fond ambition has lost its charm, Hope, 
undismayed by the chilling blasts of winter or the 
shadows of night that are falling, shines with increased 
brilliancy, assuring the soul, that while it must leave 
this world and cross the dark waters into eternity, that 
it is still better farther on. Thus Hope, like the star 
in the East, that guided the wise men of old, ever 
moves 011 before our eyes, reflecting the light of the 
future into the present, making life sweet in anticipa¬ 
tion, if not in realization, encouraging us in our every 
effort, sustaining in every trial, holding a bright future 



270 


HOPE. 


ever before us. When life’s race is run, by the aid of 
Spirituality, it opens up eternity to our view, shows us 
the wondrous beauty of that Better Land, thrills the 
soul with joyful anticipation, and dispels all the dark 
shadows of death by the glorious light of an eternal day. 
Where Hope is combined with the energies and Acquisi¬ 
tiveness, it becomes a great factor in business enter¬ 
prises; it enables the business man to quickly recover 
from the discouragement caused by financial depression, 
to have confidence in the future, to feel that even 
though this year has barely paid expenses, next year 
will surely be better; where Caution is weak, very 
strong Hope often induces unwise investments and 
speculations and inclines one to risk too much on the 
future; the deficiency of Hope leaves the business man 
without any confidence in the future, unwilling to take 
any risk, and especially if Caution be strong, he will 
prefer a sure, even though a slow business, and when 
unfortunate will be easily discouraged, being unable to 
see anything better farther on. Where Hope combines 
with the affections it looks forward in anticipation to 
that brighter day, when the dream of love shall become 
a reality and the soul enjoy a constant association and 
communion with its ideal mate, in a perfect home where 
all move in harmony to the sweet music of love. It 
enables the disappointed loved one to see a brighter 
future, it encourages Conjugality with the hope of a 
closer association and better understanding, and when 
the sickle of Time takes away the loved one, Hope 
would sooth the broken heart with the balm of reunion 
beyond the veil. It combines with the Selfish Senti¬ 
ments and thrills ambition with expectancy of the 
future, urges Self Reliance onward, sustains Continuity 
to persistent application and assures Caution that it 
need have 110 fear of the future; so that whatever may 
be one’s ambition in life, Hope assures him amid all 
trials and seasons of discouragement, that the dream of 
his life shall become a living reality. It combines with 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


271 


the other Moral Sentiments, and gives the hope of 
eternal life; it looks forward into the dim, untried 
future and assures the soul that these few fleeting 
moments are not all of life’s existence; though rocks 
and seas may fade away, Hope lives to shine in endless 
day; with Conscience, it hopes to see justice meeted out 
and the wrongs of this world made right in the next. 
With Veneration and Sublimity, it hopes to stand face 
to face with the God it reveres, to be transformed by 
His Majesty and made conscious of His omnipotent 
power, see the wonders of His kingdom and grandeur of 
His throne; with Spirituality, Ideality and Tune, it 
hopes to traverse the heavens and see their wondrous 
beauties, be entranced by the enchantment of angels 
and enraptured by their poetry and song; with Kind¬ 
ness, it hopes to see the Savior, who gave His life and 
suffered a cruel, disgraceful death, that His enemies 
might live; it hopes to join Him in His unending efforts 
for sinful humanity; it would become a ministering 
angel, that having once heard the music of heaven and 
seen its wondrous beauties, could sacrifice even heaven’s 
unspeakable pleasures to return to earth, to shed halos 
of sunlight into the sick chamber, to comfort the be¬ 
reaved Mother, bind up the broken hearts, to guide the 
feet of the innocent, to bear the shame of the guilty and 
destroy the darkness of earth by the golden, glorious 
light of heaven. Thus Hope assures to every element 
of the soul that what it most desires awaits it in the 
future; Vitativeness clings to life and Hope says, “It 
shall be eternal.” It is no wonder that poets have 
written, and lovers have dreamed, and minstrels have 
sung so much about this sentiment, it is life’s sweet 
charmer, earth’s balm and heaven’s promise. What 
would life be to any of us without Hope? If the future 
stood like a dark wall before us, what interest would we 
have in the present. Three-fourths of all we do today 
is based upon our hope of tomorrow. Take Hope from 
our lives, sever the * present from the thought of the 


272 


HOPE. 


future and all progress stops, civilization turns back¬ 
ward, ever backward, until man is lost in the chaos of 
his own darkness. 

The predominance of Hope in one’s nature inclines 
him to see the bright, happy side of everything, to 
expect much of the future and to quickly throw off dis¬ 
couragement; it is highly influential in the inner life 
and outward character of the individual. Each person 
hopes for those things that will most perfectly gratify the 
peculiarities of his own nature; those having strong pro¬ 
pensities hope to have an abundance of this world’s 
goods and live a long time that they may enjoy the 
indulgence of their appetites; those with strong Acquisi¬ 
tiveness and Approbation hope to pile up great fortunes 
and live to enjoy the pomp, style and prestage that 
wealth affords; those having moderate propensities and 
strong moral natures hope for better conditions of 
things on earth, expect to see vice, intemperance and 
crime done away with and peace and sobriety reign, 
whatever disappointments are met in this life they hope 
to have compensated in the next; even in the thoughts 
of the future life, each person hopes for what would be 
heaven to him or her. The deficiency of Hope renders 
a character sadly defective; persons so constituted take 
a discouraged view of everything; they have no confi¬ 
dence in the future, are inclined to throw cold water on 
public and private enterprises; they would darken the 
whole world with the shadow of gloom and obscure the 
sunlight of heaven by the fog of despair. It is one of 
the most interesting things in the study of human 
nature to observe the influence of Hope over two char¬ 
acters, one having it very strong and the other very 
weak; the former will be inclined to take a favorable 
view of everything pertaining to the future, if today 
loses, he will be sure that tomorrow will win; the latter 
expects failure, is looking for trouble, and can gener¬ 
ally find it, but even where he has a most successful 
streak he will insist that “It woh’t last;” his little 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 273 

Hope even obscures his view of heaven, wraps it in an 
impenetrable mist and, judging from his testimony in 
the class room, he does not even hope to reach the 
heaven he prays for. The deficiency of this sentiment 
has totally destroyed, or greatly diminished the useful¬ 
ness of thousands of lives \few things are more detrimen¬ 
tal to one's success than the constant feelmg of discourage¬ 
ment, the sense that it is little use to try, that the 
future holds nothing in store to compensate the effort. 
The number of persons having weak Hope, that really 
make a success in life, are comparitively few, while 
those whose efforts have been crowned with success, 
will scarcely be able to realize how much they are 
indebted to this sentiment, for constantly enticing them 
onward and upward, by holding the goal in plain sight, 
but just beyond their reach. Parents and teachers 
should be extremely careful about discouraging children 
who have this sentiment weak; such should never be 
told, even though they have made a miserable failure, 
that they can not do well or that they are dull or 
stupid, but let the parent or teacher assure them that 
they can do better next time, that success will finally 
crown their efforts, and that no one fails in life who 
always does his best. 

SPIRITUALITY—(No. 41*—Fig- 23.) 

This sentiment is manifested through the front part 
of the top head; the size of its organ is indicated by the 
height and fullness of the head directly upward from 
one inch in front of the ear, on each side about an inch 
and a half from the middle line of the head, or just 
between Hope and Imitation. Active Spirituality gives 
the expression of wonder to the face and tends to lift 
the eyebrows and roll the eye upward. 

Spirituality is that sentiment in man’s nature 
through which the soul becomes conscious of spiritual 
life, spiritual existence, and holds communion with 
God. It is the door through which impressions, 
admonitions and intuitions enter the mind. As the 


SPIRITUALITY. 


274 

Perceptive Faculties take cognizance of the properties 
of material things and convey to the mind a perfect or 
imperfect conception, according to their strength and 
activity, so this sentiment takes cognizance of invisible, 
spiritual phenomena and conveys them to the mind per¬ 
fectly or imperfectly according to the strength or 
activity of the sentiment. It gives the element of faith, 
a belief in the unseen, a confidence in the unproven, a 
tendency to believe that the possible may become real; 
to accept revelation, to perceive spiritual admonitions 
and warnings, to believe in God as a spiritual being; it 

Strong. Moderate. 



Fig. 130.— Moses Huix. Fig. 131.—Prof. Geo. W. Dutton. 


gives the power to feel the association with the Holy 
Spirit as fully and surely as Parental Love gives the 
power to feel an affection for the child. Because some 
are not guided by impressions or are not conscious of 
spiritual communion with God, does not militate 
against our definition of the sentiment any more than 
because some can not distinguish one tune from an¬ 
other would contradict our definition of Tune. It gives 
the power to receive mental impressions from other 
minds. Thought transmission is a fact that can be 
demonstrated by hundreds of people daily. The power 
to receive mental impressions from others depends 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


275 

largely upon the strength and activity of this sentiment. 
It gives man the power to recognize within himself a 
psychic nature capable of independent action and con¬ 
scious existence separate from corporal relations. There 
are thousands of persons who are conscious of having, 
as it were, left the body and taken extensive journeys, 
to have seen places about which they had never read or 
heard, and the fact that they have been able to give 
accurate, definite descriptions of things and places as 
they are, is infallible proof that they were not playing 
the part of the deceiver. The belief in spiritual life 
and conscious existence after the death of the body is 
universal among the most highly developed minds; most 
all of the world’s great leaders, especially among her 
moral and intellectual lights, have been conscious of 
the guidance of unseen forces, of spiritual intelligence 
above their own. Many have been conscious of an 
influx of power, that has come in the moment of trial, 
when human nature seemed exhausted and physical 
insufficiency threatened defeat or failure, by throwing 
open the windows of the soul towards the source of all 
power, like a storage battery, they have been recharged, 
until in a few moments they felt their strength was as 
the strength of ten, and the whole world seemed to be 
beneath their feet; by the aid of this dynamic force, the 
orator has subdued the howling mob and cold, cruel 
hearts have been broken to pieces and melted into 
penitence, until the multitudes have trembled under 
the power of the man of God, who but a few minutes 
before was a weakling, barely able to climb the steps 
onto the platform. 

Without the faculty of Color, the innumerable tints 
and shades to be found everywhere in all nature, might 
stand forth in all their beauty throughout the ages, un¬ 
observed and unknown to man, in proportion as the 
faculty of Color is developed will the mind be able to 
take cognizance of colors, shades and tints; in like 
manner, without the sentiment of Spirituality, spiritual 


spirituality. 


276 

life and conscious, spiritual organized beings might sur* 
round man for ages and he would never be able to take 
cognizance of them or be conscious of their existence; 
in proportion as Spirituality is awakened and strength¬ 
ened by use, will he be able to perceive spiritual 
phenomena and become susceptible to the good and evil 
influence of disembodied spirits. Without the phenom¬ 
ena of color in nature, the faculty that takes cognizance 
of colors would never have been developed in man’s 
nature; the faculty in the mind is the effect, the phe¬ 
nomena of color is the cause; in like manner, without 
the phenomena of spiritual life and spiritual beings, the 
sentiment that takes cognizance of such would never 
have been evolved; the sentiment is the effect of which 
the spiritual phenomena is the cause; the existence of the 
one proves the existence of the other. The conceptions of 
spiritual life are as well founded as the conceptions of 
color; neither can be understood in the abstract by the 
finite mind, yet both may be sufficiently understood for all 
practical or humane purposes. Spirituality acting in con¬ 
nection with the intellectual faculties gives the sense of 
credulity, the tendency to accept as true what is not fully 
proven or evidenced\ especially where Secretiveness and 
Causality are moderate and Conscience strong, it 
inclines persons to believe everything they are told, to 
accept any statement withont questioning its truthful¬ 
ness; with strong social qualities added, to have implicit 
faith and confidence in loved ones; in this connection it 
not unfrequently becomes most dangerous to the welfare 
of the individual by giving unwarranted trust and con¬ 
fidence in the wily designer; with ambition it gives 
faith and confidence in future success; what Hope hopes 
for, Spirituality gives faith in, so it has well been said 
that ‘‘Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the 
evidence of things unseen;” with the other Moral 
Sentiments, Spirituality supplies the light within; it is 
the sensitive plate on which the pictures of heaven are 
photographed; it reflects to the mind the wondrous 


HUMAN NATURE EXPEAINEI. 277 

beauties of the spiritual realm, just what it will see will 
depend upon the activity of other powers. Our con¬ 
ceptions of heaven are greatly modified by the peculiar¬ 
ities of our own natures. Each person , through the light 
of Spirituality , concieves heaven to contain what would 
gratify most perfectly the peculiarities of his or her own 
nature; thus those having strong social natures contem¬ 
plate the reunion of friends, heaven to them is a place 
where all ties severed on earth are reunited forever; 
from Inliabitiveness springs the conception of the 
heavenly home , of mansions such as earth has never 
known; from Acquisitiveness comes the thought of “the 
city with streets of gold;” those having strong Ideality 
contemplate the beauties of heaven, they see flowers 
and variegated foliage of such transcendant beauty as 
old earth has never known; persons with Sublimity, 
Constructiveness and Calculation expand everything to 
wonderful dimensions; to those with Ideality and Tune, 
heaven ever revibrates with poetry and song, music 
such as never thrilled the soul of man shall be the joys 
meeted out to the poorest street musician, this would 
be heaven to them; those having strong energies and 
Causality contemplate the advantages of endless pro¬ 
gression, the thought of ever learning, ever knowing, 
tracing effects back to first causes, passing the limit 
that here restricts and entering the unsurveyed realms 
of truth, this is heaven to progressive minds; those 
having strong Perceptive Faculties traverse the uni¬ 
verse to see and study the wondrous beauties of worlds 
unknown, what exploits they will make, what won¬ 
drous joys will come from new discoveries, what new 
forms and colors will feed the soul, how Eventuality 
will feast upon the knowledge gained, this is heaven to 
observers, who love travel; those having strong Moral 
Sentiments see the bar of justice, the Eamb’s book with 
their names written there, God sitting enthroned to 
judge all men, Christ, their Savior, pleading not for 
justice but for mercy; here the tender sympathy of the 


SPIRITUALITY. 


278 

Savior combines with the love of the Father and sheds 
its fragrance into every heart, until it destroys all 
bitterness, malice, revenge and hate and fills all man¬ 
kind with human kindness and brotherly love, this is 
heaven to those in whom the Moral Sentiments rule. 
At first thought, these brief glimpses of heaven from 
various faculties would seem to contradict, but they do 
not, they are only partial views; heaven contains them all 
and much more, it is impossible for any mind to grasp, 
even the wonders of what he appreciates most, much 
less to grasp all; “eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, 
neither have entered into the heart of man the things 
which God has prepared for them that love Him.” 
Persons having Spirituality very strong are very sus¬ 
ceptible to impressions; they readily take on the condi¬ 
tions of others, and unless Firmness and the energies be 
strong they will be very easily influenced; they believe 
whatever is told them and are even more effected by the 
actions of others, so that their minds readily become the 
recipients of good or evil; they can conform most per¬ 
fectly to those with whom they are associated, and are 
often lead to do what of their own free will they would 
not; they seem guided more by intuition and impres¬ 
sions than reason. The class of impressions to which 
one will. be most susceptible will depend upon the 
peculiarities of his or her own nature; those having a 
heavy base to the brain will be impressed relative to 
business, sickness or danger of physical injury—thou¬ 
sands are conscious of such impressions, who may from 
lack of Veneration be quite dead to anything per¬ 
taining to higher spiritual influences; those having 
stong social natures will have impressions about things 
of a social character and be most susceptible to the 
magnetic influence of others and are often warned of 
the approach of evil, they feel that a certain person is 
untrustworthy; those having strong Causality, Ideality 
and Constructiveness will be conscious of sudden im¬ 
pressions of new thoughts, inventions, complex 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


279 

machines; inventions that could not have been thought 
out in weeks of patient study, will flash across the mind 
in all their perfection; such impressions are undoubtedly 
from the brain of the real inventor, as investigation will 
prove that the said invention was completed in the 
mind of the one before the other received the impres¬ 
sion of it. Thus strong Spirituality becomes the door, 
through which the other strong elements of the nature 
draw their conceptions and receive their impressions of 
what has been evolved from the minds of otjhers. It is 
only where the strong Spirituality combines with other 
strong Moral Sentiments that one receives the impressions 
of the higher life—the future state—and are conscious of 
communion with God. 

The dangers arising from an abnormal activity of 
this sentiment are many. The undue susceptibility to 
others above referred to is a most dangerous condition, 
the extremely credulent turn of mind that it produces 
ensnares the intellect in its cold researches for truth; 
where associated with limited intelligence, it leads to 
belief in fables, witchcraft, ghosts and dreams that had 
their origin in a disordered stomach or shattered nerves; 
it is the basis of superstition, and gave rise to ancient 
mythology; it is the foundation of modern spiritism. 
Perhaps the greatest evil arising from its abnormal 
activity, is that it makes persons susceptible to the 
influence of evil spirits. Most spiritists, and in fact 
most all persons who are conscious of spiritual impres¬ 
sions, seem to think, that whatever the spirits tell them 
is surely right , that if they follow their impressions , they 
can not go astray; to this fatal error can be traced a very 
large per cent of those actions that have disgraced mod¬ 
ern spiritism and ruined thousands of the best men and 
women, who were guided by impressions. It is quite 
probable that even the ordeal of death does not destroy 
all of the innate devilishness there is in human nature, 
and that disembodied spirits retain for a time, at least, 
their peculiarities of good and evil, for which they were 


28 o 


VENERATION. 


distinguished while in the body—to presume otherwise 
would be most irrational—“as the tree falleth so shall 
it lie,” therefore, one should be as guarded in accepting 
the guidance , advice or admonition of a disembodied 
spirit, as they would if it were walking around in the 
ordinary confines of earth. Impressions and spiritual 
warnings, in other words, should be piit to the same test 
to which we put the suggestions of an entire stranger, to be 
accepted or rejected accordingly as they conform to moral 
law . Experience proves that quite as many persons 
are impressed to do wrong as are impressed to do right. 
This matter of spiritual impression is unquestionably 
governed by the same law that governs all other mental 
impressions, that like excites like and like attracts like , 
so that those having a good deal of inborn or acquired 
cussedness will attract spirits of a similar character and 
receive impressionc from such sources , while those who are 
by nature and personal volition refined, pure-minded 
and sentimental will attract about them spirits of a 
similar character and receive their impressions from 
this higher source. The absence of Spirituality leaves 
the mind cold, skeptical, unbelieving, incredulent and 
almost incapable of believing what can not be proven or 
demonstrated; persons so constituted and having mod¬ 
erate Friendship will have no confidence in friends; 
with moderate Conscience will have little faith in the 
integrity or honor of any one; with moderate Hope will 
have no faith in the future; with strong Acquisitiveness 
will insist upon doing everything on a cash basis. 
Spirituality gives the element of faith, which like hope 
is indispensable to human progress—every step in life is 
based upon faith. Our every-day experiences are no less a 
walk by faith than are our conceptions of eternel life , only 
that the experiences of each day strengthens our faith 
in the next. 

VENERATION—(No. 42 .— Fig. 33., 

This sentiment is manifested through that part of 
the brain forming the center of the top head; the size 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


28l 


of its organ is indicated by the height of the head on a 
line about a half inch in front of the opening of the ear. 
Veneration finds expression in the attitude of prayer 
and in the respectful bow and recognition of superiors, 
the aged and those in authority. 


Strong. Weak 



Fig. 132.—Rev. J. S. Bitler. Fig. 133. 



Veneration is that sentiment that 
forms the attachment between man and 
his God; it is the affinity of the soul for 
the Supreme Being; it gives the innate 
love, reverence for and desire to wor¬ 
ship a superior. As Parental Love 
FlG - 134. ' draws the parent instinctively to the 
child and forms that strong attachment between parent 
and child, so through Veneration man is instinctively 
drawn towards his Creator and inspired to worship, 
adore and do homage to His name; it is an affection, a 
love, as positive, real, warm and imperative in its de¬ 
mands for activity as the parental instinct; it is the grand¬ 
est and noblest affection of the soul, because it attaches 
man to the holiest object in the universe. It gives the 
tendency to love and revere what Spirituality assures 
us really exists; it is substantially and distinctively the 
sentiment of prayer, through which the soul breathes 



‘282 


VENERATION. 


forth its longings, pours out its emotions and makes 
known its desires to a supreme being; it is the Jacob’s 
ladder on which the soul mounts upward; it is the 
upper window through which the propensities confess 
their sins and expose their abuses to the light of heaven; 
it is the trumpet through which men sound their praises 
and express their conceptions of God. In the history 
of the human family, Veneration has played one of the 
most interesting, significant and important parts. The 
tendency to worship the supernatural is an innate attri¬ 
bute of human nature. It is said that there has never 
been a race or tribe of people discovered but what had 
some form ol worship; the objects of their worship have 
been as variable as human invention, fancy and fear 
could concieve of; man has worshiped almost every¬ 
thing in nature, from the pebble that he crushes 
beneath his feet to the sun that lights the universe. 
Many of the uncivilized tribes have had as many gods, 
idols and objects of worship as their limited imagina¬ 
tion could contrive. Until the light of revelation 
dispelled the darkness of ignorance and superstition and 
conveyed to the intelligence of man a limited concep¬ 
tion of the God of the universe, Veneration had no 
fixed object of worship; even up to the time Christ 
darted into the arena of human history and dared to 
say, “I am the light of the world” and proved that He 
was the Sou of God, the most intelligent were without 
assurance of the correctness of their worship.' Christ 
appeared in human history and revealed to man such 
conceptions of God and man’s relations to Him as the 
finite mind was able to grasp; He directed this instinc¬ 
tive sentiment of worship to its proper object, and pre¬ 
sented an exemplary life that the worshiper when 
transformed by the God he worshiped might reach that 
highest acme of human existence, the perfect man, of 
which Christ is the perfect pattern. All individuals 
and races are modified or transformed by the gods they 
worship. Man instinctively conforms to the ideal he 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


283 

reveres; those tribes that have worshiped sticks and 
stones have fixed instincts, are unyielding and like the 
stones they worship, crumble at the touch of civiliza¬ 
tion, lacking the elasticity to be moulded by its 
influence. The same truth is applicable to the individ¬ 
ual in civilized life, each person’s ideal or conception of 
God will modify and influence his character. While 
Veneration gives the original conception of God, persons 
differ in their conceptions of His nature because of the peculiar¬ 
ities of their own natures. Aside from the truths of revela¬ 
tion and the modifying influences of the opinions of others, 
each individual’s conception of the Divine Nature, will 
be but an expansion of his own peculiarities; thus per¬ 
sons having very strong Veneration with strong affec¬ 
tions will think of God as our Heavenly Father, who is 
ever mindful of His children and careth for those who 
trust Him, with strong Acquisitiveness added they wor¬ 
ship Him as being able to supply all temporal wants 
and think of Him as “holding the wealth of this world 
in His hands;” those having strong Conscience and 
Firmness worship Him as a God of justice, who holds 
the righteous balance, they think of His second coming 
as a righteous judge “to judge the quick and the dead;” 
those having strong Spirituality, worship Him in spirit 
and are delighted with the thought of His giving His 
angels charge over them; those having strong intellec¬ 
tual faculties worship Him as an all-wise, all knowing 
and Supreme Being; while those having strong Kind¬ 
ness worship Him for that highest, holiest attribute of 
the Divine Nature yet revealed toman—love, sympathy, 
kindness, charity. As people are differently con¬ 
stituted, they appreciate different attributes of the 
Divine Nature and worship these attributes, no 
one can appreciate what all appreciate, and all com¬ 
bined are unable to appreciate but a fraction of the 
Divine Nature. Because of these differences in men 
we have many Christian churches, creeds and denom¬ 
inations; what seems most essential and paramount to 


VENERATION. 


284 

one, because of the peculiarities of his mind, for the 
same cause seems secondary to another; because of these 
differences among men a great number of churches are 
an advantage, for the differences existing between 
minds would make it almost impossible for all to wor¬ 
ship under one creed or doctrine. The church could 
only stand as a unit when man’s mind was in darkness 
and his will in bondage to the head of the church. The 
more men think the more the churches will divide on doc¬ 
trinal points, but the more they think and enjoy spirit¬ 
ually the more they will be united on the one essential 
thing , of love to God and love to man. When all men are 
able to think intelligently and dare to think indepen¬ 
dently, there will be as many creeds as there are minds, 
but there will also be that breadth of mind and depth 
of soul that will enable each to tolerate, respect and 
even love the peculiarities of the other; from this strong 
individualism, there will come a union, not of negative 
minds held together by a few leaders, but a union com^ 
posed of independent, positive minds drawn together 
by a force common to all—the power of love—and the 
kingdoms of God be reunited forever. Differentiation 
is the law of growth. Reunion will come only when 
individualism and independence of thought have been 
universally recognized. When perfect freedom is 
enjoyed by all, perfect love may and will be, and 
through this perfect love—Christ’s power on earth—all 
men will be reunited in brotherly love, and Veneration 
directed to its proper object, the true and living God. 
Veneration, like Spirituality, has its terrestrial as well 
as celestial sphere of activity and is quite as influential 
upon the character of minds in their relation to each 
other as in their relations to a Supreme Being. It 
gives the sense of reverence and respect for the aged, 
for superiors, those in authority, for law, old relics, forms 
and ceremonies; in many characters Veneration finds 
much more expression in one or more of these direc¬ 
tions than in reverence to God. Its predominance in a 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 285 

character when coupled with moderate intelligence, 
leads to idolatrous worship of forms, established 
rituals, ceremonies or creeds, so that the sentiment is 
upon the average better developed among pagan than 
Christian nations, and better developed among those 
churches in which all authority is vested in a few or 
one ruler than in those enjoying perfect independence 
of thought and action; it is also stronger in nations 
under unlimited monarchy than in those enjoying the 
republican form of government. I11 many persons it 
gives an unwarranted respect for ceremony to the neg¬ 
lect of the spirit that the ceremony is supposed to 
represent; where it combines with Continuity it gives a 
reverence for old forms, established customs and 
accepted beliefs and opinions that are often most 
obstructive to mental progress and personal freedom; 
when it combines with Approbation it pays undue 
respect to superiors and those on whom fortune and 
favorable circumstances has conferred special privilege 
or lifted to elevated positions. The normal activity of 
this sentiment is indispensable to society; a due amount 
of respect for law and order, the aged and‘superiors, 
established forms and customs, as well as whatever is 
deemed sacred is of vital importance to individual or 
national character. Destroy reverence and respect and 
we destroy one of the crowning elements in man’s 
nature; destroy it in a nation, and there would be no 
law save that gained at the point of the bayonet, no 
authority save what was vested in physical control. 
Respect for law and the decrees of superiors, both as it 
pertains to church and state, is quite as much a factor 
in human control, as much an element in private and 
public character as the sense of law or justice itself. 
The deficiency of Veneration leaves the character void 
of respect and reverence for anything or anybody; such 
persons show 110 more regard for the aged than those of 
their own years, they have no more respect for the 
house of worship, the church and its ordinances, its 


286 


KINDNESS. 


sacred rituals, its founder, its plan or its purpose than 
they have for mathematics or physical science; they are 
governed in their relations to law and order, society 
and humanity, entirely by the action of other elements 
of the mind; with strong Conscience they may be honest 
and upright, not through reverence of law, but love of 
justice; they may admire great men for their intellect, 
but they will not reverence them; they may even highly 
appreciate the church for what it has done and yet will 
not manifest any respect for its sanctity. No mind can 
be perfected, no other element can rise to its highest 
degree of usefulness, no character can be made to con¬ 
form to the higest ideal pattern of human life, without 
the sanctifying influence of Veneration. The real life 
will never rise above the ideal; a high ideal is a pre¬ 
requisite to human progress and human perfection, 
therefore he who would direct his energies, purify his 
feelings, exalt his affections, enrich his learning ennoble 
his ambitions, perfect his character and elevate his 
nature to the highest acme of human goodness and 
greatness must give full expression to Veneration, that 
the soul may breathe out its longings in prayer and 
receive in return the perfume of heaven as a balm for 
its every need. 

KINDNESS—(No. 43.—Fig. 23 .) 

This sentiment is manifested through that portion of 
the brain forming the front part of the top head; the 
size of its organ is indicated by the height and fullness 
of the center of the front part of the top head or just iu 
front of Veneration. Its activity gives a kindly expres¬ 
sion to the face, a gentleness to the manner and a tender 
softness to the voice. 

Kindness, as the name signifies, is that sentiment 
that gives benevolence, sympathy, kindness, tenderness, 
charity, philanthropy, generosity and goodness. It 
inspires all kindly feelings for others, all sympathy for 
the sick, the helpless, the unfortunate, the wayward 
and the sinful; it gives the sense of sympathy bv which 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


287 


one soul feels the needs and appreciates the conditions 
of another; it gives the love of goodness, the desire to 
do good not for the applause or approval of others, not 
that it may receive compensation, but that it may make 
others happy and relieve them from suffering; it gives 
the power and inclination to forgive, not from the sense 
of justice, but through pity; it is the philanthropist that 
would gladly divide its possessions or share its earnings 
to prevent the sufferings of others or to promote the 
welfare of humanity; it is the reformer that can never 


Strong. 


Weak. 



Fig. 135.— Frances E. Willard. Fig. 136. 



rest while selfishness and misery are the 
lot of man; it is the ministering angel 
that kindly hovers over the sick bed to 
tenderly administer to the sufferer; it is 
the good Samaritan of the soul that 
rejoices to serve others, ameliorate their 
fig. 137. sufferings and promote their joys; it is 
the angel of refuge that would stay the cruel hand of 
destruction and prevent it from harming whatever has 
the power to feel; it is the embassador of the weak that 
pleads at the courts of justice in behalf of fallen human¬ 
ity; it is the peacemaker that would soothe the troubled 
waters into tranquility that they may more perfectly 


288 


KINDNESS. 


mirror the beauties of heaven; it is the cross-bearer that 
would carry the burdens of the world, withstand the 
shame and suffer the penalty of sin that the transgressor 
might live in peace; it is the Christ that is in man , that 
came not to destroy the law of justice, but to establish 
a higher law in the human soul, the law of forgiveness; 
it is the noblest, purest, holiest, most Christ-like virtue 
that emanates from the soul of man. Kindness is per¬ 
haps the most unselfish attribute in human nature, it 
seeks to do good, render assistance, ameliorate suffer¬ 
ing, extend sympathy, forgive errors, overlook faults 
and make peace, not for what any one else can return 
to it, but solely from the love of doing good. From 
this it must not be understood that the sentiment is 
wholly unselfish, for it does these things primarily from 
the sense of pleasure that comes from the doing and to 
avoid the unhappy sensation that its denial would be 
sure to cause, therefore as a motive in the individual, it 
is as purely selfish as Appetite, that seeks its own grati¬ 
fication for the pleasure it gives, or as Conscience that 
does right for the approval it brings and avoids wrong 
for fear of condemnation; but because of what the grati¬ 
fication of Kindness does for others, it becomes the 
noblest virtue of the human soul. It is easier for those 
who have Kindness strong to be kind than to be unkind, 
to forgive than to keep from forgiving, to extend the 
hand of charity than to withhold it, to protect the 
unprotected than to see them suffer for the want of 
protection; so that, for them to refuse to do what the 
world respects as the greatest virtue often requires more 
volition on their part than it would to do the kindness. 

The many needs and necessities of human nature, 
the associations, relations and interdependence of people 
make the sentiment of Kindness indispensable; there 
are always those who need assistance, that are unable 
for the time, at least, to offer any remuneration; sick¬ 
ness and suffering are the lot of many, and they must 
receive kindly attention; the poor are always with us, 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 289 

and in the biting blasts of winter must have aid. 
Humanity is all weak and the propensities are ever out¬ 
raging justice, these outrages must be forgiven and the 
unfortunate ones lifted up from the pits into which they 
have fallen, or the whole human race would be poisoned 
by the malaria of their vice and decay. Seasons of dis¬ 
couragement or moments of grief appear in the lives of 
the best of men and women, and btft for the balm of 
sympathy, that ever emanates like a sweet perfume 
from the sentiment of Kindness, their grief would be 
unbearable and the sad, sad hearts sink into hopeless 
despair. Kindness is one of the strongest opponents 
against the abuse of the propensities; it is pained by 
cruelty and gives that extremely unpleasant sensation 
that one experiences when they have needlessly caused 
pain or refused to relieve the sufferings of man or ani¬ 
mal; it makes one loathe to do any unkind act or in any 
way injure another; it is opposed to slaughtering the 
brute or in any way causing suffering; it often combines; 
with Courage in the protection of the weak against the 
strong; it can not bear to see the big, the burly or the 
vicious and cruel impose upon those having less power; 
it is opposed to corporal punishment, is outraged by war 
and bloodshed. It can not bear the thought of the 
cruelty of capital punishment, even for the darkest 
crime; it would return good for evil, in order that good 
might triumph in the world, and were it unrestrained 
by Conscience, intellect and justice, it would form an 
escape for the vilest sinner, by forgiving all crime. It 
is opposed to the miserly, selfish greed arising from 
Acquisitiveness, and always insists upon its giving of 
its possessions to aid others; were it unrestricted in its 
benevolence, it would give away everything as fast as 
the other powers could accumulate; it has no pleasure 
in holding, but all pleasure in giving; thus it becomes 
the basis of all private and public charity, both in giv¬ 
ing and forgiving. It combines with the affections to 
make them tender and kind; there is no place perhaps 


290 


KINDNESS. 


where Kindness and the sympathy and charity that it 
gives are so much needed as in the domestic relations, 
where close association and interdependence upon each 
other for happiness, makes the cruelty of propensity so 
keenly felt and where even the law of justice will not 
suffice to adjust difficulties that are sure to arise; here 
more than anywhere else there is the need of the exer¬ 
cise of that higher law, the law of forgiveness. It has 
well been said, 1 ‘That the happiest and the wisest pair 
will find occasion to forbear, and something every day 
they live to pity and perhaps forgive.” Love without 
the perfume of Kindness seeks its own interests, gratifies 
its own desires, and may be, and often is, cruelly self¬ 
ish; “Charity suffereth long and is kind.” It combines 
with the Selfish Sentiments to soften ambition and rob 
it of that cold, selfish desire to rise even though it do so 
at the expense of others, and gives it instead a tender 
sympathy for all whose aim is high, and rejoices at 
their progress; ambition without Kindness has inspired 
many of the world’s heroes to march up the steeps of 
fame 011 the dead bodies of their fallen subjects, while 
the ambition of Kindness enabled the greatest hero the 
world has ever known to march up the steeps of Calvary 
with the sin of the world resting upon Him, suffer the 
penalty of a disgraceful, shameful death, and in the 
darkest moment to look serenely into heaven and 
exclaim, “Forgive them, they know not what they 
do.” Kindness humbles self-esteem and makes persons 
feel that even though they are superior, that they have 
no real claim to this superiority unless they have that 
breadth of soul that will enable them to go down and 
take the most lowly by the hand and honestly say, “You 
are my brother or my sister.” Kindness even greatly 
modifies Conscience, and would persuade it to forgive; 
it would stay the stern hand of justice lest it smite the 
fallen one, and while it wards off the cruel stroke with 
one hand, it would stoop down and give the other to 
uplift the fallen. Wherever cruel fate has written the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLACNED. 


291 

dark decree of sin over human life and cold justice lias 
placed its seal of penalty over the unfortunate, there 
Kindness would melt the cold seal of justice from off 
the victim and shed the beams of Christ’s own sunlight 
into the sin-darkened soul, until all darkness was dis¬ 
pelled and the condemned hero made free. It combines 
with Caution and Veneration to assure them that while 
God is a just God, He is more willing to forgive than 
man is to be forgiven, “For God so loved the world that 
He gave His only begotten Son that whosoever believ- 
eth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting 
life.” The sentiment of Kindness gives man that 
broad love of humanity, the power and inclination to 
feel that all mankind are bound together by a bond of 
mutual sympathy. Christ’s life during His ministry on 
earth gave constant expression to this sentiment, 
almost every act recorded in history, almost every word 
that He spoke were expressions of sympathy and kind¬ 
ness; His prayer on the cross in behalf of man, is the 
eclipsing sun of moral grandeur; here His unparalelled 
benevolence shines forth the sublime majesty of His 
great sympathetic nature. The sentiment of Kindness 
seems to have been the last element awakened in man’s 
nature; the history of man shows that it had very little 
expression or influence on human character up to 
Christ’s time; previous to this cold justice seemed to be 
the height of man’s conception of law. Christ’s life and 
teachings quickened and gave impulse to the sentiment 
of Kindness, thereby writing iti the hearts of men a 
higher law—the law of love and forgiveness—from this 
time on, Kindness figures more conspicuously in human 
history, until now, among civilized men, at least, it has 
become one of the most important and influential senti¬ 
ments. Public charities, orphan homes, almshouses, 
insane asylums, hospitals for the sick, reform schools 
and the innumerable societies for caring for the unfor¬ 
tunate, protecting the wayward, uplifting the fallen and 
lightening the burdens of the oppressed, are all expres- 


292 


KINDNESS. 


sions of public kindness. It is the sentiment that 
inspires the reformer to devote his time, energies and 
talents in uplifting weak humanity and in trying to 
bring about a better condition of things. The predom¬ 
inance of Kindness inclines persons to be too sympa¬ 
thetic, too tender-hearted, too forgiving; it throws them 
susceptible to the selfishness of others; in many charac¬ 
ters, it becomes an absolute weakness, their very for¬ 
giveness becomes a temptation to others to do wrong; it 
opens the way for selfish imposition, and especially 
where Conscience is moderate and Self Reliance weak, 
they are so tender hearted and forgiving that they will 
suffer any amount of injustice and yet constantly for¬ 
give and even plead innocence in behalf of the selfish 
impositor; they excuse every evil and evil doer and 
would thereby promote rather than diminish vice and 
crime. There are those who are too benevolent, and 
where Acquisitiveness is moderate, they are inclined to 
give away everything; those so constituted often wear 
themselves out in the interests of public and private 
charities; they are most tender and sympathetic to the 
sick; they are ever anxious to make peace and prevent 
war, whether in the home or the nation; they are ever 
ready to shed beams of sympathy into the lives of 
others. We can not help wishing that there were more 
so constituted, and yet where Kindness is so strong as 
to constantly excuse the wrong-doer or bankrupt public 
charity to support human parisites, when it would make 
a sick bed so soft and a hospital so attractive that they 
are preferable to earning one’s own living, when it 
would muffle the voice of justice so that its decrees can 
not be heard, or just penalty dealt out for willful crime, 
when it would rob Christianity of moral obligation, 
futurity of punishment and God of the attribute of jus¬ 
tice, Kindness becomes a vice , most dangerous and mislead¬ 
ing in its character . The deficiency of this sentiment in 
persons inclines them to be selfish in their dealings 
with others; if the propensities be strong they can 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED 293 

inflict or cause pain and may enjoy torturing animals and 
even men without any special sense of outraged Kindness; 
they can be cruel and yet happy in their cruelty; they 
may be most tender and loving towards those they love 
but will show very little kindness towards others and 
when love to hatred turns may become most cruel 
towards the one they once expressed such tender affec¬ 
tion for; with strong Acquisitiveness, they will be 
miserly and close; if Conscience be good they will be 
just rather than generous; with strong energies, self¬ 
esteem and ambition, will be greedy of power and gain 
their desired ends regardless of the pain or cost to 
others; with strong Veneration and Conscience, they 
worship the God of the ancients and believe most fully 
in the Mosaic law of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for 
a tooth;” to close the doors of hell would destroy one- 
half of their contemplated joys of heaven; such persons 
may be very honest, upright, good and loving toward 
their family and friends or devoted to their country, 
loyal to its laws, and faithful to duty through other 
elements of the mind, but they do not have the broad 
sympathy, the universal kindness, the unselfish charity, 
the spirit of forgiveness and the brotherly love that 
constitutes the highest virtue that emanates from the 
human soul. 



294 


ALPHABET OF THE MIND. 


THE ALPHABET OF THE MIND. 

How Primary Elements Combine to Form Traits of Character. 

fi/jlp S THE alphabet is composed of 26 letters, each 
of which always represents a certain sound, so 
the mind is composed ot 43 or more elements each of 
which always stands for a certain principle in character. 
As the 26 letters with their modifying sounds admit of 
endless combinations in the formation of words, so the 
43 elements of the mind, modified by the temperaments, 
admit of endless variety in the formation of characters. 
When one knows the true sound of each letter, he can, 
on seeing them associated together, readily spell out 
and pronounce the word, so when one knows the true 
function and relative strength of each element of the 
mind, it is not difficult to spell out the mind and form a 
true conception of the character. As it requires two or 
more letters to produce a word, so two or more elements 
must combine to produce a thought, or trait of charac¬ 
ter. Therefore traits of character are not , as many erron¬ 
eously suppose , the result of the action of some one element , 
but always the result of the combination or co-ordinate action 
of two or more elements. We are often asked, “What 
faculty gives judgment ?” “What sentiment makes one 
religious?” “What faculty gives selfishness of jeal¬ 
ousy^” “What propensity causes murder, thett, etc. ?” 
These and similar questions, indicate a false conception 
of mind and are as erroneous as for the student of lan¬ 
guage to ask what letter spells “good,” “evil,” etc. 
The student who would master a language first learns 
its alphabet, or primary elements, then he may form 
these into words and words into sentences; so the 
student of human nature that would read character, 
after having learned the primary elements of mind must 
learn to spell out their combinations. As a given asso¬ 
ciation of certain letters always produces a certain word, 
so the association or co-ordinate action of certain ele¬ 
ments of the mind always produces certain traits of char¬ 
acter. In the following paragraphs we submit the 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 295 

principal elements that combine to produce a few of the 
well-known traits of character, and trust that they will 
not only prove of interest to the general reader but sug¬ 
gestive to the student, who would learn to combine 
primary elements and spell out character. 

Energy and Force of Character. 

Strong Courage and Bxecutiveness supply the men¬ 
tal stimulus of energy; Firmness and Continuity give 
constancy and persistency to the energy; while buoyancy 
of health, a vigorous circulation and a good develop¬ 
ment of the Motive Temperament are quite essential. 
Where the above mental elements are weak and the 
vital forces low, the characteristics of constitutional 
weariness, laziness and inactivity will be found to main¬ 
tain. 

Sagacity, Policy and Deceit. 

Strong Secretiveness, Caution and Approbation com¬ 
bined with the intellectual faculties and weak Con¬ 
science, form the basis of these traits. If Acquisitiveness 
be strong deception is more apt to be in the direction of 
money getting, if Self Reliance be strong the policy will 
be in the direction of personal power and prestage. 
Where the above elements are deficient, the traits of 
indiscretion, frankness, recklessness and undue suscep¬ 
tibility are sure to maintain. 

Financiering Ability and Avariciousness. 

Strong Acquisitiveness sustained by Bxecutiveness, 
Courage, Self Reliance and Hope and directed by 
Secretiveness, Caution and the intellectual faculties 
form the basis of money-making power. The avaric¬ 
ious trait is found where Kindness is weak and the 
Selfirh Propensities all strong. Where Acquisitiveness 
and its constituency are deficient the traits of extrava¬ 
gance and wastefulness are found. 

Sociability, Clannishness and Jealousy. 

Strong Amativeness, Friendship, Approbation and 
Self Reliance, with moderate Causality and Kind¬ 
ness, give that peculiar form of sociability that is 
limited to class and makes one clannish to their own; 


296 PRIMARY ELEMENTS COMBINED. 

Strong Selfish Propensities tend to make the sociability 
selfish and clannish. Conjugality and Amativeness, 
when disturbed, produce the feeling of jealousy, but it 
is much intensified by Acquisitiveness, Self Reliance 
and Approbation. 

Will Power and Self Control. 

Strong Firmness, Secretiveness, Courage and Self 
Reliance moderate Caution and an unexcitable tempera¬ 
ment are the bases of will power and self control. Men 
of indomitable wills have usually had a strong combina¬ 
tion of the Motive-Vital Temperament and the above 
elements strong; while a deficiency of these elements, 
especially when associated with a Vital-Mental Temper¬ 
ament, produces a vacillating, unstable, diffident, sus¬ 
ceptible character. 

Stability and Integrity. 

Strong Conscience, Firmness and Continuity, with 
moderate propensities and a good degree of the Motive- 
Mental Temperament, give stability and integrity to 
character; while a deficiency of these elements with 
strong propensities give waywardness and unreliability. 

Dignity and Pomposity. 

Strong Self Reliance, Firmness, Courage and a cul¬ 
tured mind produce dignity. Strong Self Reliance, 
Approbation and Sublimity with a moderate or untrained 
intellect, give a tendency towards egotism and pom¬ 
posity, and if Courage and Language are also strong 
give the domineering, boisterous, braggadocious spirit; 
while the deficiency of these powers produces a sub¬ 
missive, bashful, self-conscious, dependent character. 

Ambition, Pride, Vanity. 

Strong Approbation, Self Reliance, Ideality, Sub¬ 
limity, Courage and Executiveness give ambition and 
the sense of personal pride, which when undirected by 
the intellect and the Moral Sentiments becomes vanity. 
The deficiency of the above elements produces an 
unaspiring, unassuming, unprogressive, slovenly, care¬ 
less, character. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


297 


Managing Ability and Generalship. 

Strong Kxecutiveness, Courage, Secretiveness, Self 
Reliance, Firmness, Constructiveness, Hope and the 
intellectual faculties, with moderate Caution and a 
strong Motive Temperament, give managing ability, 
the power of and tendency to govern and superintend. 

Politeness and Affability. 

Strong Agreeableness, Ideality and Approbation, 
with fine Organic Quality and an active temperament, 
produce the affable and agreeable character and polite¬ 
ness of manner. If Secretiveness and Imitation are 
strong and Conscience moderate, there will be much of 
affectation and deception in the manner. 

Hypocritical and Capricious. 

Strong Secretiveness, Imitation, Approbation, and 
an excitable temperament, with weak Conscience, Firm¬ 
ness and Continuity, produce a hypocritical, butterfly 
character. 

Seriousness and nelancholism. 

Weak Mirthfulness and Hope, with a disordered 
liver and strong Firmness and Motive Temperament, 
give the serious, sedate turn of mind; while strong 
Hope, Mirthfulness, Activity and strong circulatory 
power, give the jubilant, buoyant, happy-go-lucky 
character. 

Imagination and Creative Fancy. 

Strong Ideality, Spirituality, Sublimity, Human 
Nature, Constructiveness, Comparison, Causality and 
Imitation, with fine Organic Quality and an active 
temperament give creative fancy and power of mental 
imagery; if the Perceptive Faculties are also strong, 
there will always be a practical side to the imagination, 
but if these are deficient, the imagination will be ideal¬ 
istic, visionary and poetic. The deficiency of the above 
powers produces the prosy, matter-of-fact character. 

Skeptical Versus Credulous. 

Strong intellectual faculties, especially Causality, 
with weak Spirituality, Veneration, Ideality, Sublimity 
and Conscience, moderate Caution and strong Secretive- 


298 PRIMKRY ELEMENTS COMBINED. 

ness, produce the skeptical, unbelieving turn of mind; 
while this combination reversed produces the credulous, 
non-suspecting, confident, communicative turn. 

Political Peculiarities. 

Strong Courage, Executiveness, Self Reliance, Per¬ 
ceptive Faculties and Motive-Mental Temperament, 
with moderate Caution and Continuity, produce the 
positive , aggressive and progressive spirit; while moderate 
Courage, Executiveness and the Vital or Phlegmatic 
Temperament, with strong Caution and Continuity, 
produce the negative, passive, non-progressive spirit. The 
former are the reformers of the world, the projectors of 
new industries, the organizers of new political parties, 
religious denominations, etc.; the latter are non¬ 
progressive, the conservatives in politics, law or relig¬ 
ion. Radicalism and conservatism as seen in the 
politics of the world are but the outward expressions of 
the two great principles of positive and negative in human 
nature, resulting from the above combinations as modi¬ 
fied by less influential elements. 

Religious Denominations. 

Denominational differences among Christian people 
are caused more by their mental peculiarities than by 
their education. As previously explained, men appre¬ 
ciate things in proportion to and in accordance with the 
cast of their own minds, therefore what seems of vital 
importance to one is but secondary or quite unimportant 
to another. Strong individualities, men of pronounced 
peculiarities with master minds and splendid organizing 
ability, courage and personal magnetism, like Luther, 
Calvin, Knox, Wesley, Alexander Campbell and 
others, by giving a clear, definite expression of their 
conceptions of Christianity to the world, and then follow¬ 
ing these with evidence, earnestness and sagacity, have 
been able to establish religious organizations, composed 
of people whose natural mental peculiarities were suffi¬ 
ciently in harmony with the established teachings of 
the founder as to bring them in most perfect sympathy 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 


299 


with his doctrines. While the general cast and charac¬ 
teristics of the several religious denominations have 
changed quite materially from what they were in their 
beginning, and while each denomination contains many 
individuals whose mental characteristics are not in per¬ 
fect accordance with the established doctrines of their 
church, yet observation will prove to any thoughtful 
mind, that each of the several great religious denomin¬ 
ations is composed of individuals having similar casts of 
mind. For instance: Presbyterianism is the spinal 
column of orthodoxy, the Motive Temperament of Chris¬ 
tianity. Typical Presbyterians have strong Firmness, 
Conscience, Courage, Self Reliance, Causality and Com¬ 
parison with good Veneration and Sublimity, moderate 
Kindness, Imitation and Spirituality; this combination 
produces the firm, persistent, stable, dignified, conser¬ 
vative, judicious peculiarities that are so characteristic 
of Presbyterians as a class; they have more of stability 
than elasticity, more thought than sentiment, more 
justice than generosity, more law than sympathy. With¬ 
out these principles of stability, law and the rigid 
adherence to established rituals, doctrines and the 
fundamental principles of orthodoxy, in a few decades 
it would be difficult to tell what the religious world did 
believe. Methodism is the Vital Temperament of Chris¬ 
tianity ; it represents the heart power of the church, it 
supplies the sanguine, emotional fervency that warms 
the world and keeps the fire of Christianity ever burn¬ 
ing. Typical Methodists have strong Veneration, 
Kindness, Spirituality, Hope, Human Nature, Percep¬ 
tive Faculties and Social Feelings, Courage and 
Executiveness, good Conscience, moderate Continuity, 
Firmness and Self Reliance. This combination gives 
the buoyant, executive, progressive, reformatory, emo¬ 
tional, ardent, fervent peculiarities so characteristic of 
this church. They have more fervency than stability, 
more love and sympathy than thought and logic , more 
of the law of forgiveness than of the law of justice, more 


300 PRIMARY ELEMENTS COMBINED. 

sociability than formality. It is peculiarly well adapted 
to pioneer work, because more people can be reached 
and more work can be done through the heart than 
through the head. Without this fervency, warmth and 
ardor, Christianity would become so cold and formal as 
to lose its regenerative, saving power. Congregational¬ 
ism represents the Mental Temperament of Christianity. 
Typical Congregationalists have strong intellectual 
faculties, Social Feelings and good Moral Sentiments; 
they have more of thought than, sentiment, more in¬ 
dependence than papal reverence, they believe more in 
learning than in established creed or feeling, they are 
more given to education than to rigid adherence to 
established forms or emotional demonstration. 

The distinguishing characteristics of each of the 
other leading denominations can readily be pointed out, 
but these are sufficient to be suggestive to the student 
who may be interested in denominational peculiarities. 
From the above it will readily be seen that each denom¬ 
ination is fotinded upon the peculiarities of men , and 
because of these peculiarities each man can work best 
and reach the highest moral and spiritual growth in the 
church to which he is naturally adapted\ again, outside of 
the churches are all classes, each of which can be most 
readily reached and most effectually influenced by those 
having similar mental and moral characteristics, hence 
the paramount importance of denominationalism in 
man’s present state of development. When human 
nature is sufficiently understood and the influence of 
each person’s peculiarities over his judgment are duly 
appreciated, then, and not until then, will the spirit of 
toleration become sufficiently strong to make an effec¬ 
tual union of all classes and denominations possible. 





HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 301 

PECULIARITIES OF CRIMINALS. 

There is perhaps no class so little understood, so 
often misjudged, or so unwisely dealt with a the crim¬ 
inal classes, therefore a few practical suggestion^ rela¬ 
tive to their peculiarities can not help but prove of 
interest and perhaps profit to the general reader. 

Criminals are usually divided into two classes, the 
natural born criminals and the circumstantially made 
criminals; the former are what they are from bad 
hereditary and prenatal influences and have developed 
into criminals by simply following their natural inclina¬ 
tions, the latter are naturally good, but have by the 
force of environments and the gradual yielding to temp¬ 
tation become bad. These two classes, however, rep¬ 
resent the two extremes, between these the masses of 
moral offenders are found. The great majority of 
criminals are to be found among those who had more or 
less of inherent evil tendencies, and by following these 
inclinations and yielding to temptation they have 
become bad. Very few persons are so void of all moral 
sense or deficient in will power that they can not do right. 
There are a few people who are color-blind, there are 
others who can not distinguish one tone from another, 
and so there are those who are morally idiotic , so defi¬ 
cient in reason and conscience that they have no con¬ 
ception of right or wrong, but such cases are extremely 
rare. From this moral idiocy up through the various 
degrees of development to the perfectly balanced mind 
the moral responsibility gradually increases; each person 
is morally responsible for his actions in proportion to his 
inherent tendencies , education and ability to do right. All 
should be judged by the effort they put forth , not by their 
actions or the results attained. Most people follow 
their natural inclinations and are judged by what they 
do without due consideration of the underlying causes 
or volition on their part. We laud an Edison and revere 
a Talmage for doing what their natural tendencies 
incline them to do, we abandon, imprison or execute 


302 


PECULIARITIES OF CRIMINALS. 


the criminal for doing what his natural tendencies incline 
him to do. Had Edison’s genius for crime been as 
strong as for invention, he might have posed as a star 
in the annals of crime. The difference between Edison 
and the natural born criminal is a difference in their 
mental peculiarities and direction of their powers. The 
unfortunate criminal’s special gift is in a direction that 
inclines him to break moral and statutory laws, hence 
when he follows his natural inclinations he is doing 
wrong; but if the laws were changed so that to think 
and invent were an offense, Edison would doubtless 
become one of the most noted law breakers; Edison can 
no more keep from thinking on inventions than he can 
live without food. For the natural born criminal to go 
through life without entertaining the thoughts and 
feelings of crime would be as impossible as for Edison 
to have gone through life without entertaining the 
thoughts of invention; but as Edison could have gone 
through life without ever giving any outward expres¬ 
sion or material form to a single invention, so ninety- 
nine out of every hundred criminals could , by the 
exercise of their wills at the proper time , go through life 
without committing any crime; hence it is wisdom to 
hold all men as morally responsible for their actions. 

For some time past the author has been visiting the 
penitentiaries of the United States and making special 
study of the peculiarities of criminals with the view of 
publishing a practical treatise on the psychology and 
craniology of crime. Critical examinations of hundreds 
of convicts prove beyond question that there is a rela¬ 
tion between certain brain developments and the ten¬ 
dency towards crime, also that there is a striking 
resemblance in the brain developments of criminals of 
the same class; so apparent is this that the author can 
by the examination of the cranium correctly diagnose 
the nature of the crime of 75 convicts out of 100. 
Below we submit some of the combinations usually 
found among the more common classes of criminals. 


HUMAN NATURE EXPLAINED. 303 

HOMICIDES. 

There are several distinct types of murderers, the 
worst are those who by birth are blood-thirsty and 
brutal; such usually have low Organic Quality, Motive- 
Vital Temperament, strong Vitativeness, Courge, 
Executiveness, Secretiveness and Firmness, moderate 
Social Feelings, Caution and Reasoning Facultiew with 
very weak Conscience, Veneration, Spirituality, Kind¬ 
ness and Agreeableness. This is perhaps the most 
unfortunate type of criminals; they resort to crime for 
the love of it; they do not necessarily require any special 
provocation to excite them to the vilest deeds. Next to 
this class of homicides are those who only resort to 
crime where there is some provocation or exciting cause, 
such as intoxication, jealousy, revenge, anger, money, 
etc. Where Executiveness, Secretiveness and Caution 
are very strong, with weak Moral Sentiments, the 
person will resort to poisoning or some other cautious, 
clandestine method. If Caution be weak and Self 
Reliance strong, with moderate Secretiveness, the 
crime is most apt to be committed openly. If Acquisi¬ 
tiveness bo very staong money is usually the actuating 
cause, while where Appetite is the strongest propensity, 
its perverted activity in drinking and carousing and 
consequent inflaming the brain and exciting the auger, 
is the immediate cause. Those who commit crime 
through revenge, in addition to having strong propen¬ 
sities and weak Moral Sentiments, usually have strong 
or very strong Firmness and Continuity with moderate 
Caution and very weak Kindness. The murderer from 
jealousy usually has strong Amativeness, Conjugality 
and Approbation, an excitable temperament and per¬ 
verted imagination. 

THIEVES. 

Men are actuated to steal by many different motives, 
hence there are many distinct classes of thieves each of 
which have their peculiarities. Burglars usually have 
strong Executiveness, Self Reliance, Secretiveness, 


3^4 PECULIARITIES OF CRIMINALS. 

Acquisitiveness, Constructiveness and Perceptive Fac¬ 
ulties, with good Reasoning Faculties, weak Conscience 
and Continuity. Horse thieves usually have strong 
Courage, Executiveness, Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, 
Parental Love and Perceptive Faculties, with moderate 
Caution and Conscience; Kindness is often quite strong. 
Smugglers usually have moderate Courage, strong 
Executiveness, Caution and Acquisitiveness with very 
strong Secretiveness, and usually have good Construc¬ 
tiveness and intellectual faculties. House and petty 
thieves three times out of four have weak Acquisitive¬ 
ness, Courage, Executiveness and Continuity, very 
weak Self Reliance and Conscience, with moderate 
Caution and Hope; this class steal not for the sake of 
values, as the others referred to, but because they are 
too lazy, indolent and careless to earn the necessities of 
life, and from their weak Acquisitiveness do not appre¬ 
ciate property values, hence they believe in dividing 
up. Defaulters usually have strong Executiveness, 
Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, Approbation and Hope, 
with moderate Caution, Self Reliance and Conscience. 
Forgers and counterfeiters have strong Perceptive Facul¬ 
ties, Imitation, Comparison, Ideality, Constructiveness, 
Secretiveness and usually, though not always, strong 
Acquisitiveness and Approbation, with weak Con¬ 
science and usually weak Courage. Pickpockets have 
very strong Secretiveness, with strong Acquisitiveness 
and usually have good Caution, Constructiveness, 
Human Nature and Perceptive Faculties, with weak 
Conscience, Continuity and Self Reliance. Confidence 
men usually have strong Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness, 
Friendship, Human Nature, Agreeableness and Lan¬ 
guage, with good Intellectual and Semi-Intellectual 
Faculties, Self Reliance and Approbation and weak 
Conscience and Veneration. Gamblers usually have 
moderate Courage, Executiveness and Caution, with very 
strong Hope, Human Nature and Perceptive Faculties, 
and usually strong Acquisitiveness and Social Feelings. 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART 


H UMAN NATURE 

BY 

Prof. N. N. Riddell, Ph. D. 


FOR 

THE USE QF EXAMINERS. 


DELINEATING 


THE 

Character and Physical Conditions 

OF 


AS ESTIMATED BY 


This 


day of 











EXPLANATION OF TABLES. 


The strength of the several vital functions and ele¬ 
ments of the mind is estimated in the scale of seven, the 
several degrees are indicated by numerals i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 
7; 1 indicating very weak, 2 weak, 3 moderate, 4 average, 
5 good, 6 strong and 7 very strong. The examiner will 
indicate the degree of strength of each function or ele¬ 
ment by placing the figure representing it in the first 
column to the right. When an element is estimated to 
be half way between two degrees it will be indicated by 
two figures as 3 to 4, or 5 to 6, which is equivalent to 
3 y 2 or 5 y 2 . Where an element is a fraction above or 
below a degree the plus (x) or minus (-) mark will be used. 
Where an element should be cultivated or restrained the 
examiner will place C for cultivate, and R for restrain 
in the second column to the right. The pages on which 
the descriptions may be found are indicated by the printed 
numerals in the third column. 

A printed chart can only indicate the degree of strength 
and possibilities of the several elements of the mind; 
since mental operations and character are the result of 
the combined action of several elements, it is impossible 
to make a printed chart that will accurately describe 
character, the markings, however, indicate the actual 
and relative strength of the several primary elements and 
the descriptions indicate their probable manifestations in 
character. 


NOTICE TO EXAHINERS. 

In the application of Human science to reading cha¬ 
racter, the successful delineator necessarily takes into 
consideration the entire physical organization including 
the organic quality, temperament, health, digestive, cir¬ 
culatory and respiratory powers, the natural activity and 
excitability, together with the actual and relative devel¬ 
opments of the several parts of the brain; from these sev¬ 
eral conditions he draws his conclusions of the actual and 
relative strength of the several functions, propensities, 




sentiments and faculties and of the character as a result 
of the combined action of all; it is strength therefore that 
is to be estimated and described rather than size of or¬ 
gans — size being but one of the several conditions 
requisite for strength. The dissatisfaction that practical 
delineators have met in not being able to mark a chart 
that would harmonize with their oral delineations is 
largely due to the fact that all charts heretofore have been 
based upon size and elements have been marked accord¬ 
ing to the size of their organs , which because of other 
conditions, is often far from representing the strength of 
the element. Since strength is what gives character and 
our aim being to describe mental powers, not physical 
organs, the descriptions herein given are based upon 
strength leaving it for the examiner to determine from the 
several conditions what the actual strength is, and record 
the same according to his judgment regardless of the size of 
the organ. Throughout the entire chart it has been our 
aim to make 7 describe the predominance of an element, 
while 6 gives more of its strong combinations; in most 
places 3 and 2 have been run together for the purpose of 
showing combinations where an element was weak and 
thereby bringingout the adverse influence of its deficien¬ 
cy; so that where examiners would call special attention 
to any element that is deficient, by marking it as low as 
3, the subject will get a much more complete description 
of the condition than if it were marked 4. Since the 
descriptions herein given are based entirely upon strength, 
examiners are especially admonished not to mark TOO high . 
The custom of examiners of marking ordinary minds 6 
and 7 has not only been misleading to the subjects, but 
degrading to the profession and has made it impossible to 
indicate by chart a strong or very strong mind when such 
is met; therefore, if the brain development of a given or¬ 
gan is very large, but from other conditions its strength 
is estimated to be but moderate the examiner is earnestly 
requested to record its strength regardless of its size, and 
where the entire mind is but ordinary to indicate the 
same in the chart, using 6 and 7 only where extraordinary 
power is known to exist. 


FOR FULL EXPLANATION OF THIS TABLE 


Degrees of Strength Considered in the Scale of 7. Dees 

(C indicates Cultivate, R Restrain.) e 

'CorR 

1 Pages 

~ „ (Inherentor constitutional 

L Organic Quality | tpYtlirP 



9-10 

II Hfalth (Vitality, strength, physical and 
’ y / mental vig^r 



11 —12 

, TT ,, ~ (Bone and muscular 

III. Motive Temperament j q y S ^ PtT1 


.... 

.... 

13-15 

, T ~ (Vital and nutritive 

IV. Vitae Temperament < 

( power . 



15-17 

„ (Strength and functional 

V. Digestive POWER | activity of 



17-19 

VI. Circulatory Power juo^ctivUyofheart 

VII. Breathing Power 



20—21 



21-22 

VIII. Mental Temperament 5 Bram and ” er ve 

(power, mentality 

IX Activity (Q uickties ? of thought, feeling 
( and action.. 



22-24 



25-26 

X. Excitability fT ll f^% and intensity ° f 



26-27 

XI. Size of Brain jlnchesm horizontal circum- 



28-30 

I. V IT AT I VENESS . P** ° fHfe; dread ° f death ' ' 



30-32 

2. Courage. Pjmbativeness, boldness, resis- 

( tance, denance. 



32-33 

3. Executiveness. ^Destructiveness, energy, 

( lorce, push, severity 



33-35 

a Appetite i Relish for food > hun g er > Alimen- 

4 ’ ( Tl VENESS . 



35-36 

5. Bibacity. i Thirs ( t ’ re ' is '?. for H< l uids > love of 

....! 

. . . . 

37-38 

6. Acquisitiveness. ] De h S ^° save ’ 



38-40 

7. Secretiveness. (Reserve,’discretion, policy, 
' l self-control. 

.... 


40-42 

8. Amativeness. \ hov . e between tbe sexes, pas- 



42-44 

9. Conjugality. ] Th ^ r “ atin S instinct > " nion 



44-46 

10. Parental Love. i At te c bment to oflspring, 
( children, pets. 



46-47 

n. Friendship. 5 Adhesiveness, love of friends, 
( society. 



47-49 

12. Inhabitiveness. \ h ° V \ of home, country; 

( patriotism. 



49-50 










































THE READER IS REFERRED TO PAGES 2 AND 3. 


1 Indicating Very Weak, 2 Weak, 3 Moderate, 4 Average, 5 ~ n 

Good, 6 Strong, 7 Very Strong. egS [ 

Pages 

T , o ATTTTO m fCarefulness, apprehension, pru- 
3 * ‘ ^ deuce, watchfulness. 


51-52 

a ~ (Ambition, pride, sensitive- 

14. Approbation, < ’ r 


52-53 

15. Self Reliance selfrespect ’ 



54-56 

16. Firmness. j St *™ ity ’ decision ’ tenacity of 



56-57 

i 7 . Continuity. f 



58-59 

fSLS'SS 

T (Taste, fancy, refinement, love of 

19. Ideality. ] the beautiful.. 



59-60 



61-62 

20. Sublimity. | Lo ^ e cc of gr£mdure> expansive ' 



62-64 

21. Imitation. j Copyu,g ’ Patterning, mimicry 

.... 


64-65 

__ (Wit, humor, fun-loving-... 

22. Mirthfulness. ] 



65-66 

. (Suavity, pleasantness of 

23. Agreeableness. j matl y er p 



67-68 

TT „ (Intuition, perception of 

24. Human Nature. } charac t e r 



68 t 69 

T (Perception of things as such 

25. Individuality. ^ 



69 tJI 

, — (Perception and memory of faces, 

26. Form. | fon £ s shapes etc ' 



71-72 

Q (Perception of magnitude, size, meas- 

2 7 * ^IZE. ■> urements etc. 

. 


72-73 

28 . WEIGHT. j Pe 3 P ti0n ° f the IaW ° f graVUy ' 



74 r 75 

29 Color jPerception of colors, hues, tints. . 



75-76 

^ (System, love of method, arrange- 

30. order. \ me nt 



76 - 7:7 

_ (Cognizance of numbers and 

31. Calculation, j t | eir re i a tions 



78-79 

_ (Perception and memory of 

32. Locality. ’ j £ 



79 - 8 o! 

^ (Memory of events, power 

33. Eventuality. | of re collection 



80-81 

34 Time (Cognizance of duration of time. 



81-82 

_ (Sense of harmony, love of music... . 

35. Tune, j 


I 

82-63 












































Continued from Page 5. 


Degrees of Strength Considered in the Scale of 7. 

(C indicates Cultivate, R Restrain.) 

Degs. 

CorRj Pages 

36. Language. |Powe^of expression, memory of 



84-85 

37 . Causality. 



85-87 

38. Comparison. j Power to compare, analyze.. 



87-88 

39. Conscience. f ° f 8 ““ 



88-90 

tt (Buoyancy, expectancy, confidence 

4 °' ) in the future. 



90-9I 

41. Spirituality. j Fa . ith - credulity, light with- 



91-93 

. (Reverence for Deity and 
42. Veneration. thi sacred > 



93-95 

43. Kinoness. | BE d ™^rit S y ymPathy> ten ‘ 

, 


95-96 






BILL OF FARE. 


The person for whom this chart is marked should avoid the use of those marked 
O, use very little of those marked —, and use freely of those marked X. 


MEATS 

Rye Bread 

Parsnips 

Honey, Pr’serv’s 

Beef 

Corn Bread 

Cabbage 

LIQUIDS 

Fried, Broiled,Gems, Biscuit 

Turnips, Beets 

Pure Water 

Boiled, Roast 

Crackers, Toast Lettuce 

Tea 

Pork 

Sugar Corn 

Pumpkins 

Coffee 

Sausage 

Oat Meal 

Squash, Celery 

Chocolate 

Head Cheese 

Rice, Maize 

Radishes 

Lemonade 

Mutton 

FRUITS 

Onions 

Ice Water 

Veal 

Apple 

Cucumbers 

Ice Tea 

Fowl 

Peach, Pear 

CONDIMENTS 

Milk Shake 

Game 

Plum, Prune 

Sugar, Syrup 

Fresh Cider 

Fish 

Apricot 

Candy, Catsup 

Fresh Wine 

Oysters 

Figs, Orange 

Horseradish 

ABSTAIN FROM 

Eggs 

Lemons 

Vinegar 

Fermented Wine 

Butter 

Melons 

Pickles 

Beer, Ale 

Grease 

Small Fruits 

Mustard 

SpirituousLiq ’rs 

Cheese 

Grapes 

Pepper, Salt 

AlcoholicDrink s 

Milk 

vegetables 

Red Pepper 

Cigarettes 

Nuts 

Potatoes 

Allspice 

Cheroots 

CEREALS 

Sweet Potatoes 

Pastry 

Cigars 

Wheat 

Tomatoes 

Pie, Cake 

Tobacco 

Germea 

Peas 

Confectionery 

Opium 

White Bread 

Beans 

Puddings 

Morphine 

Brown Bread 

Carrots 

Doughnuts 

Laudanum 


slowly, drink very little with the food or for two hours after a meal. 

Drink abundantly of pure water before retiring. 























ADAPTATION IN BUSINESS. 


MECHANICAL 

Tailor 

Elocutionist 

Flour and Feed 

Architect 

Turner 

Evangelist 

Fancy Articles 

Baker 

Typewriter 

Historian 

Harness 

Blacksmith 

Typefounder 

Lawyer 

Hardware 

Butcher 

Telegraphy 

Lecturer 

Implements 

Bookbinder 

Tinsmith 

Librarian 

Jewelry 

Brick mason 

Upholsterer 

Linguist 

Live stock 

Carpenter 

Varnish er 

Novelist 

Millinery 

Cabinet-maker 

Wagon maker 

Orator 

Meats 

Contractor 

Wheelwright 

Poet 

Notions 

Cooper 


Preacher 

Produce 

Carriage-ironer 

SCIENTIFIC 

Proof reader 

Real Estate 

Compositor 

Assayer 

Reporter 


Dressmaker 

Aurist 

Secretary 

Bookkeeper 

Engineer 

Botanist 

Stenographer 

Banker 

Engraver 

Chemist 

Statesman 

Broker 

Electrician 

Dentist 

Teacher of— 

Cashier 

Electrotyper 

Engineer 

Art 

Collector 

Finisher 

Electrician 

Music 

Expressman 

Foundryman 

Geologist 

Drawing 

Insurance 

Gas Fitter 

Miner 

Penmanship 

Publisher 

Gunsmith 

Minerologist 

Elocution 

Postal Clerk 

Harness-maker 

Naturalist 

School 

Salesman 

Inventor 

Occulist 

Kindergarten 

Speculator 

Jeweler 

Professional Nurse 

Intermediate 

Superintendent 

Dogger 

Phrenologist 

College 

Detective 

lumberman 

Physician 

Physical Culture 

Drayman 

Locksmith 

Surgeon 


Dairyman 

Machinist 

Surveyor 

Writer 

Express Messenger 

Miller 


Y. M. C. A. Secre¬ 

Fruit Grower 

Millwright 

ARTISTIC 

tary 

Florist 

Miner 

Designer 


Farmer 

Milliner 

Decorator 

COMMERCIAL 

Gardener 

Mason 

Draughtsman 


Housekeeper 

Model-builder 

Musician 

Agent for— 

Hotelkeeper 

Moulder 

Painter 

Books 

Laundry 

Marbler 

Decorative 

Fancy Articles 

Motorman 

Marble-cutter 

Portrait 

Fruit trees 

Overseer 

Manufacturer 

Landscape 

Machinery 

Policeman 

Painter 

Crayon Artist 

Patent Rights 

Railroader 

Printer (Job) 

Photographer 

School Supplies 

Restaurant 

Paperer 

Sculptor 

Sewing Machines 

Switchman 

Plumber 

Modeler 

Dealer in— 

Sheriff 

Plasterer 


Books and Drugs 

Sailor 

Repairer 

LITERARY 

Boots and Shoes 

Undertaker 

Seamstress 

Actor 

Clothing 

Stock raiser 

Silversmith 

Author 

Confectionery 

Cattle 

Stone mason 

Clergyman 

Coal and lumber 

Horses 

Ship builder 

Correspondent 

Crockery 

Hogs, Poultry 

Sawyer 

Editor 

Dry Goods 

Section Foreman 


JDfl^'The business adaptations of the person for whom this Chart is marked 
will be underlined. 









ADAPTATION IN MARRIAGE 


EXPLANATION OF TABLE. 

The person for whom the foregoing chart is marked 
should select a companion possessing the physical and ' 
mental qualities in the degree indicated by the numeral 
in margin at the right: i indicating very weak, 2 
weak, 3 moderate, 4 average, 5 good. 6 strong and 7 
very strong. 

ftT When the examiner desires to call special 
attention to any one element in a group, he will do so 
by underlining the same. 


Height— _Weight-— Complexion 


Organic Quality 


Health 


(Inherent or constitutional texture; 

l grain .. 

jVitality, strength, physical and mental vigor 


ata ^ w (Bone and muscular system, an- 

Motive Temperament } gularityi physical / trei)gtll 


Vitae Temperament 


Vital and nutritive strength, di¬ 
gestive, circulatory and breath- 
( ing power. 

Mental Temperament ] Br t a a \" ty and nerve power ’ men ' 

Activity jQ uicknes s and intensity of thought, feeling 

( and action... 

(Number of inches in horizontal circutn- 

( ference.. 

(Vitativeness, Courage, Execu¬ 
tiveness, Appetite, Bibacity, 
( Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness 

Social Feelings 1 Amativeness Conjugality Parental 
( Love, Friendship, Inhabitiveness.. . 

Selfish „entiments p uti ° n .’ Approbation, Self Reli- 

S /ance, Firmness, Continuity. 

Semi-Intellectual C Constructiveness, Ideality, Sublim- 
... < ity, Imitation,Mirthfulness, Agree- 

( ableness, Human Nature. 

Individuality, Form, Size, Weight, 
Color, Order, Calculation, Locality, 
( Eventuality, Time, Tune, Language.. 

Reasoning Faculties 5 CaUSality ' Com P arison . 


Size of Brain 
Selfish Propensities 


Sentiments , 

Perceptive 

Faculties.. 


Moral Sentiments \ Conscience, Hope, Spirituality, 
( veneration, Kindness. 


Degrees cf strength re¬ 
quired . 



































DESCRIPTION 


OF 

Physiological Conditions. 


I—ORGANIC QUALITY. 


(7.)—THOSE HAVING ORGANIC QUALITY VERY FINE 

Are extremely fine grained, ethereal, high toned, senti¬ 
mental, intense in emotion, very susceptible to impres¬ 
sions; suffer and enjoy in a high degree; are too easily 
wounded by a word; are very much prone to extremes 
of thought, feeling and action; are intensely alive to 
every environment; are seldom, if ever, fully appre¬ 
ciated or thoroughly understood; ideals too high to ever 
be realized in life; are too visionary; are repelled by 
whatever is coarse and gross; constantly suffer from the 
realities of life. Must cultivate a more matter-of-fact* 
common-place turn of mind; live more in the real and 
less in the ideal or suffer intensely for a short time and 
die early.— Restrain . 

(6.)—ORGANIC QUALITY FINE 
Are fine grained, delicately organized and emotional; 
capable of enjoying and suffering in a high degree; are 
complex, poetic, intense and full of human nature; prone 
to over-doing and are too highly animated; feelings too 
near the surface; ideals too high. Should learn to live 
more in the real and less in the ideal world. 

(5.)—ORGANIC QUALITY GOOD 
Are well organized; sufficiently refined, can appreciate 
the ideal and the real; are not especially prone to ex¬ 
tremes; natural tendencies upward rather than down¬ 
ward; and are splendidly calculated by nature to meet 
life in its realities and conform to its every demands. 







IO DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


(4.)—ORGANIC QUALITY MEDIUfl 

Are but fair in organic texture; can appreciate refine¬ 
ment, poetry, music or sentiment but are more inclined to 
the matter-of-fact, the real rather than the ideal. Should 
be extremely careful in the formation of habits and the 
selection of the associates, that the influence be upward 
rather than downward.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —ORGANIC QUALITY MODERATE 
Are somewhat lacking in organic quality; are decidedly 
physical and material rather than spiritual or ethereal; 
the inherent tendencies are quite common place; are cal¬ 
culated to come in contact with the solid and substantial 
side of life. Should be strictly temperate in all things 
and in every way strive to improve the inherent na¬ 
ture. — Cultivate. 

(2.)—ORGANIC QUALITY COARSE 
Are very unfortunately born; are coarse grained; low 
in sentiment; dull in intellect; are decidedly animal; 
crude in the feelings; common place in the desires; are 
void of sentiment and poetry; are incapable of high at¬ 
tainments. Should restrain the appetites and cultivate 
the intellect and virtues as much as possible; especially 
avoid alcoholic liquors and tobacco. — Cultivate. 

(i.)—ORGANIC QUALITY VERY COARSE 
Are simply animal in human form. (Only found in the 
lower forms of savage life). 

TO CULTIVATE ORGANIC QUALITY 
First be rigidly cleanly in body and mind; use an 
abundance of pure water within and without. Avoid all 
forms of intemperance, overeating, especially avoid pork 
and other coarse animal food; sleep and work abundantly 
in pure air; associate with the good and refined; exercise 
all of the faculties and sentiments intensely; strive to 
enjoy art and literature; study beauty, poetry and senti¬ 
ment everywhere; be more intensely alive to all that is 
good, pure and elevated. 

TO RESTRAIN ORGANIC QUALITY 
Live more in the physical and the real, less in the 



HUMAN NATURE. 


J I 


ideal; be more practical, common place, matter of fact; 
do not be so sensitive to criticism or fastidious about the 
little things of life; adapt yourself more to your environ¬ 
ments; learn to appreciate the good there is in others 
without being so much annoyed by their weaknesses and 
short comings; remember that life is a reality and they 
who would make a success and be happy must conform 
to their environments. 


11.—HEALTH. 

(7.)—HEALTH VERY STRONG 

Are full of life, vigor, buoyancy and energy; all the 
physical functions are carried on in the highest degree of 
perfection; are free from all pain and unconscious of the 
existence of vital organs or nerves from the sense of feel¬ 
ings; can endure and withstand almost anything; when 
exhausted quickly recuperate; scarcely know what it is 
to be tired; are light-hearted, jolly, jubilant, full of vi¬ 
vacity; enjoy all of the appetites, emotions and feelings 
in a high degree. 

(6.)—HEALTH STRONG 

Are vigorous, healthy, robust, full of vitality, life and 
power; enjoy all of the functions of body and mind in a 
high degree; are seldom sick; are full of snap, energy, 
physical and mental vigor; believe in having a good time 
and getting the most out of every day. 

(5.)—HEALTH GOOD 

Have a full share of life, force, physical vigor and 
mental energy; are quite healthy, enjoy all of the func¬ 
tions in a good degree; have strength enough for the 
ordinary demands of life but must not go too far; have no 
strength to throw away. 

(40—health average 

Are sufficiently strong and vigorous to accomplish much 
in life, to enjoy work and do as much as the average at 
physical or mental labor; are capable of enjoying all of 





12 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


the functions of life in a fair degree, but must always be 
careful, live temperately, be regular in the hours of 
meals, sleep and rest; never begin a second day’s work 
until well rested from the first. Cultivate a happy, con¬ 
tented mind, be more jubilant, mirthful and fun-lov¬ 
ing.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—HEALTH MODERATE 

Are somewhat deficient in physical and recuperative 
powers; when exhausted find that it takes time to re¬ 
build; are easily fatigued by physical or mental exertion; 
the vital functions are not very vigorous; mental opera¬ 
tions may be intense for a short time but the mind soon 
tires. Ambition seems to be battling against fate; the 
power to enjoy is limited; need abundance of rest and 
recreation, and give out at once if derived of sleep. Must 
avoid all unnatural and unnecessary drain upon the vital¬ 
ity and make the cultivation of health paramount.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(2.)—HEALTH WEAK 

Are quite feeble and sickly; all the desires and efforts 
are limited; the vital functions are so poorly performed 
that the brain is but partially nourished so that the 
power to enjoy is very low; there is little ambition and 
less ability to do; can well afford to sacrifice everything 
and practice the most rigid self denial in order to regain 
the health.— Cultivate. 

,(!.)—health very weak 

Are barely alive and had better prepare to greet eter¬ 
nity’s gray dawn than to battle with the gathering shad¬ 
ows of night.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE HEALTH 

Ascertain the cause of the ill health; determine its lo¬ 
cation; give special attention to the strengthening of the 
weaker parts; be extiemely careful to have the diet non¬ 
stimulating, nutritious and not in too large quantities; 
study and obey the laws of health; do not worry, fret or 
overdo; associate with the happy, lively and healthy ; be 




HUMAN NATURE. 


x 3 


rigidly cleanly; avoid the use of drugs as much as possible 
—medicine kills more than it cures—keep the thoughts 
pure, the conscience void of offense and the hope ever 
high. 


III.—nOTIVE TEflPERAMENT. 


(7.)—HOTIVE TEHPERAHENT VERY STRONG 
Have long, strong bones, tough, fibrous muscles, angu¬ 
lar form and features, great power of endurance, and a 
wiry physique. Are firm, positive, decided, ambitious, 
independent, self-reliant, aggressive; have more strength 
than refinement, more will than sentiment, more tact 
than talent, more given to physical exercise than mental 
application, to out-door sports than indoor confinement, 
to observation than reflection, to execution than plan¬ 
ning.— Restrain. 

(6.)—HOTIVE TEMPERAMENT STRONG 
Are like 7 in general characteristics only less in degree; 
have a strong physique, indomitable will and are better 
executer than planner. With the Mental Tempera¬ 
ment strong, will be inclined to study, thought and re¬ 
search; with the Moral Sentiment added, will be given 
to reform, sentiment and philanthropy; with a strong 
Vital Temperament and feelings, will be intensely im¬ 
pulsive, zealous and influential; with strong or perverted 
appetites and a weak moral nature, may become deeply 
depraved and exert a powerful influence for evil. The 
mental characteristics are so pronounced that whatever 
direction they take for good or evil, for books or business, 
they carry everything by storm, drawing everyone they 
can influence in line with themselves; want everybody 
to believe as they do in politics, religion and all other 
questions. 

(5.)—MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT GOOD 

Have strong compact physique, clear cut rather than 
angular features; are sufficiently aggressive; are rather 





DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


H 


decided; are subject to the combinations described in 6 
only less in degree. 

(4.)—MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT AVERAGE 
Not especially deficient in motive power but for manual 
labor more would be better; if tlie Mental Temperament 
is 6 or 7 will prefer mental to physical labor; with the 
Vital strong will prefer light work or business rather 
than books.-— Cultivate. 

(C v —MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT MODERATE 
The bone and muscular system is somewhat deficient; 
the form and features are deficient in framework; there 
is little power of physical endurance; dislike physical 
exertion, or long mental application. The energies are 
lacking in aggressiveness, the feelings in constancy, the 
conscience in stability, the will in firmness, the ambi¬ 
tion in persistency, the sentiments in fixedness, the mind 
in continuity and the character in individuality. These 
natural tendencies may be greatly modified by the strength 
of the Vital and Mental Temperaments or brain develop¬ 
ment. With the Vital 6 or 7 are rather small boned, 
but plump and well formed; are inclined to be sympa¬ 
thetic, sentimental and emotional; if the Mental is also 
good will be fervent, brilliant, excitable, enthusiastic 
and sensitive; may have splendid business talents, much 
taste, refinement and delicacy of feeling; if the Organic 
Quality be good will be especially refined, poetic, artistic 
and sentimental; with low Organic Quality and deficient 
Mental Temperament, the Vital strong have soft unstable 
physique, unreliable character, sluggish intellect and 
ungovernable appetites.— Cultivate. 

(2.)—(1.)—riOTIVE TEJTPERAMENT WEAK AND VERY WEAK 

Are sadly deficient in bone and muscle, physical energy 
and mental stability; are emotional, transient and fickle; 
should cultivate the muscles assiduously.— Cultivate . 

TO CULTIVATE MOTIVE TEMPERAHENT 
To strengthen the muscles use them; study the anatomy 
so as to be able to bring all the muscles into play. Ex¬ 
ercise to be beneficial and effectual, must be general, 




HUMAN NATURE. 


*5 


regular and moderate rather than violent; the amount 
must be determined by the constitution but every one 
should take sufficient exercise each day to be physically 
tired at night. By the constant use and contraction of the 
muscles they will become strong and firm and the liga¬ 
ments and bones will be enlarged. Children in whom 
this Temperament is deficient should be allowed to play 
in the open air, given tasks to perform that require phy¬ 
sical exertion, allowed to run, romp, climb, play ball, 
skate, row, do anything and everything that requires 
muscular exertion and physical activity. 

TO RESTRAIN MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT 
Use the muscles less and the brain more, convert the 
vital energies into thought, feeling and sentiment. 


IV.—VITAL TEMPERAflENT. 


(7.)—VITAL TEMPERAHENT VERY STRONG 

Are fleshy, short, deep chested, broad and round shoul¬ 
dered, have a plump, round and symmetrical form, large 
lungs, strong, steady pulse; full habit; great love of 
fresh air and out-door exercise, but not of hard work. 
Are impetuous, passionate, impulsive, enthusiastic, full 
of zeal, ardor, shrewdness, affability and love of pleas- 
u re. — Restrain . 

(6.)—VITAL TEHPERAMENT STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree. Are moderately fleshy, 
round-favored, well proportioned and have a well-nour¬ 
ished physique. Have great power of feeling, emotion 
and sentiment; strong appetites and ardent desires that 
require great self-control. With the base of the brain 
heavy and the top head moderate, will be aggressive, 
blustering and decidedly animal; with strong intellect, 
are calculative, planning and a natural foreman; with 
strong moral sentiments are reverential and reformatory; 
with low organic quality and poor development of the 
top head, will be coarse, groveling and vulgar. 





i6 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


( 5 .)—VITAL TEMPERAMENT GOOD 
Are well formed, have much life force, but none to 
spare; should live in such a way as to improve this tem¬ 
perament. The feelings are not overly sanguine.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(4.)—VITAL TEHPERAMENT AVERAGE 

Have sufficient vitality and strength to sustain life and 
impart energy to all the functions, but are limited in 
physical strength, warmth of emotion, power to enjoy 
and brilliancy of thought from lack of vitality. To in¬ 
crease vitality means to increase all the possibilities of 
life.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—VITAL TEMPERAMENT HODERATE 

Are lacking in vitality, roundness of form, plumpness of 
muscle, power of endurance and strength of emotion; 
are easily fatigued and wanting in recuperative power. 
Must avoid over-doing; require much rest; have little 
power to enjoy either physical or mental exertion.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

2.)—(1.)—VITAL TEiTPERAMENT WEAK AND VERY WEAK 

Are spare, flat-chested, hollow cheeked; have weak, 
irregular pulse, small abdomen, irregular appetite, tame 
energies, feeble emotions, limited ability to enjoy, think, 
feel, live; must cultivate the health generally and the 
weak functions particularly.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE VITAL TEHPERAHENT 
Ascertain the cause of the deficient vitality; if one or 
more of the vital organs are especially weak set about at 
once to strengthening them; (see article on health, also 
special directions for each of the vital organs under their 
respective heads); give special attention to the food that 
it be wholesome, nutritious, easy of digestion and non¬ 
stimulating; be much in the open air; exercise until fa¬ 
tigued and rest and sleep in a well ventilated room; ex¬ 
pand the chest by deep breathing; spat and pound the 
muscles, abdomen and chest, this will quicken the circu¬ 
lation and excite the vital organs to activity; bathe fre¬ 
quently and rub briskly. Banish all care, worry, for- 
bodings and never indulge in ‘ ‘the blues’ ’; get into light, 




HUMAN NATURE. 


*7 


h a ppy, mirthful company; be jolly and genial; laugh and 
grow fat; never entertain the thought of weakness; deny 
that yon ever were sick or expect to be; bear what has 
to be born, but do not talk or think about it;use your will 
power to aid every function, to resist every disease and 
overcome every opposition; seek the good, the pure, the 
bright, the beautiful and the sunny at all times. 

TO RESTRAIN VITAL TEMPERAHENT 
Those who manufacture a superabundance of vitality 
should eat sparingly and of simple food, avoid rich gra¬ 
vies, butter, sweets, fats, pastry, superfine flour, pota¬ 
toes and pork meats; the diet should be composed mainly 
of fruits; should use the daily sponge bath followed by 
brisk rubbing and a thorough steam or Turkish bath as 
often as once a month. Take daily active exercise or even 
hard work in the open air. The surplus of vitality must be 
worked off or its accumulation will set the appetites and 
passions on fire, replace the muscles by fat, make the 
mind dull and the morals slack. Work off surplus vital¬ 
ity through the muscles, the intellect and the sentiments. 


V.—DIGESTIVE POWER. 

^7.)-DIGESTIVE POWER VERY STRONG 

Are well nourished; have well rounded, plump muscles; 
face plump externally from the molar teeth; have splen¬ 
did appetite; can eat anything and relish the food in a 
very high degree; are not very susceptible to disease; 
quickly recuperate when exhausted; are chuck full and 
running over with life, vigor and are usually happy and 
fun-loving. 

(6.)—DIGESTIVE POWER STRONG 

Have splendid digestive and assimilative power; relish 
the food in a high degree; prefer a solid substantial diet 
to knick-knacks; have a well nourished brain and strong 
appetites. 

(5.)— DIGESTIVE POWER GOOD 
Relish the food; are fairly well nourished, but must 






i8 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


avoid over-eating, late suppers and undigestible arti¬ 
cles. — Cultivate. 

( 40 —DIGESTIVE POWER AVERAGE 

Are but poorly nourished; can digest plain food; are mod¬ 
erately buoyant in spirit; appetite is irregular; are some¬ 
what inclined to nervousness and extremes of feel¬ 
ing.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—DIGESTIVE POWER MODERATE 

Are weak in digestive power; strongly pre-inclined to¬ 
wards dyspepsia; often have a longing, hankering, hungry 
feeling and yet are unable to eat; sleep poorly, often mo¬ 
lested by unpleasant dreams; all the physical forces and 
mental operations suffer from lack of nourishment. The 
starved nerves incline towards irritability, pevishness, 
gloomy forbodings; often feel discouraged, oppressed and 
dissatisfied with everything and everybody. Should 
make the improvement of digestion the supreme ob- 
j ect.— Cultivate. 

(2)—(i)_ DIGESTIVE POWER WEAK AND VERY WEAK 

Are like 3 only more so; every power of body and mind 
are crippled for want of nourishment, everything eaten 
gives pain.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE DIGESTIVE POWER 
Eat slowly and drink very little with the food or for 
two hours after a meal; use abundantly of pure water 
from two hours after a meal till an hour before meal¬ 
time; take a copious drink before retiring; eat sparingly 
of plain, wholesome, nutritious, easily digested food; 
especially, if the appetite be ravenous be extremely 
careful about over-eating; if an ounce of food is all the 
stomach can digest at one time, that is sufficient to use; 
never load the stomach; it is better to eat oftener at reg¬ 
ular periods than to eat too much at one time; do not 
piece; masticate and salivate thoroughly. Take time; 
be cheerful , lively and happy while eating and during the 
hours of digestion; by all means avoid hurrying, anxiety 
and give self up to relishing the food; remember that 
one ounce of food relished, digested and assimilated will 




HUMAN NATURE. 


19 


give far more strength than seven ounces souring and 
fermenting in the stomach, and that every particle of 
food that is not digested irritates and inflames the stom¬ 
ach, diseases the kidneys and becomes your mortal 
enemy. Avoid everything of a stimulating and irri¬ 
tating character, fermented and alcoholic drinks; tobacco 
in all forms; do not expect to cure dyspepsia or kidney 
trouble while using tobacco; avoid pepper mustard, vinegar, 
horseradish, hot sauces, cold slaw, concentrated sweets, 
pastry and confectionery; use very moderately, if at all, 
of butter, grease, fat, pork meats, sausage and fried 
steaks. Subsist mainly on whole wheat flour bread and 
other cereals, the milder fruits stewed with little sugar, 
such vegetables as the potato, sweet potato, tomatoes, 
peas, beans, avoiding cabbage, parsnips, turnips; if 
meats are used, the most tender should be selected, and 
have them thoroughly boiled or broiled. Do not drink 
while eating; a cup of warm drink, either water or very 
weak tea or coffee may be used after the meal, but never 
use iced drinks or large quantities of cold milk or water 
with or immediately after the meal; it not only dilutes 
the gastric juice but lowers the temperature of the stom¬ 
ach that is usually followed by reaction and inflamma¬ 
tion. Keep the bowels open by a proper diet, the abun¬ 
dant use of water externally and internally, if there be a 
tendency towards constipation, drink, drink abundantly, 
of pure, soft water before retiring and during the night. 
Pat, pound and knead the bowels, pressing upward 
rather than down; be regular in all your habits. Do not 
use physics in any form . Avoid pills , drugs and patent 
medicines as you would rattlesnakes, if necessary, assist 
nature by an injection of warm water, not hot; hot water 
destroys \the' mucous membrane. If water is used at the 
proper temperature, at about 90 degs., it can be used in 
abundance daily; .it will not only remove the obstruction 
and carry off inflammation but is especially beneficial 
where the kidneys are diseased. The use of the injec- 




20 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


tion will not have to be long continued if the diet is 
right and an abundance of pure, soft water drank at the 
times above specified. When the digesti ve powers are 
weak do not expect them to become strong in a day, for 
growth is a slow process. The above simple sugges¬ 
tions, patiently followed, have cured thousands who 
had swallowed the contents of a drug store, for which 
they paid a fortune in a vain attempt to cure dyspepsia, 
nervous prostration or some form of kidney disease. 

TO RESTRAIN DIGESTIVE POWER 
Be temperate in all things. 


VI.—CIRCULATORY POWER. 

(7.)—CIRCULATORY POWER VERY STRONG 

Have a strong steady pulse and excellent circulation, 
warm hands and feet; seldom feel chilly; can withstand 
cold and heat to a wonderful degree; seldom take cold; 
are subject to intense inflammation. Manifest great ardor 
and warmth in feeling and sentiment. 

(6.)—CIRCULATORY POWER STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree. 

( 50 —( 40 — 1 CIRCULATORY POWER GOOD AND AVERAGE 
Have good circulation; extremities usually, though not 
always, warm; withstand cold and heat fairly well; per¬ 
spire moderately well; all parts of the body and brain are 
quite well supplied, but to improve Circulatatory Power 
would be an advantage.— CtUtivate . 

( 30 —CIRCULATORY POWER MODERATE 
Suffer' much from cold hands and feet; the pulse is 
unsteady and irregular; are susceptible to extremes of 
temperature and are apt to take cold; suffer from pal¬ 
pitation of the heart from the slightest overexertion or 
on being suddenly startled; very much need to promote 
the circulation.— Cultivate . 

(2.)—(1.)—CIRCULATORY POWER WEAK AND VERY WEAK 

Are pale, cold and feeble; the pulse decidedly irregular 





HUMAN NATURE. 


21 


or fluttering; extremities always chilly; are very much 
effected by the weather; suffer much from headache 
and an unsurinountable. fear or dread of a sudden col¬ 
apse .— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CIRCULATION 

First give special attention to the diet and breathing 
power, that the system may be well supplied with good 
blood and the nervous energy increased, for to increase 
nerve power is to increase circulatory power. Second, 
avoid everything of a stimulating and irritating nature in 
the food, sincfe all unnatural stimulation will be followed 
by reaction. Third, remember that nearly all heart 
effections and disturbed circulation are an effect of inde- 
gestion, liver or kidney trouble and therefore the cause 
must be sought out and removed. Fourth, what has 
been said about the effects of good and evil mental states 
on digestion are almost if not quite as applicable to the 
circulation. L-astly, immerse the hands and feet daily 
in hot water then dip them in cold repeating this several 
times alternately; use a frequent, partial or full bath fol- 
lowedby brisk rubbing, (be sure and get a reaction); 
breathe deep and long; avoid all extremes of feeling, 
whether good or evil. 


VII.—BREATHING POWER. 

(7.)—(6.—BREATHING POWER VERY STRONG AND STRONG 

Have a full, broad or round deep chest; breathe rather 
slowly, expanding the chest at every inspiration, fill the 
lungs clear full and empty them well with each expira¬ 
tion; are not subject to colds. Are impulsive in the 
feelings; vigorous in the energies; intense in thought; 
and highly animated. 

^ 50 —( 40 —BREATHING power good and average 

The respiratory power is quite good; are somewhat 
liable to colds; the blood is moderately well oxygenized 
and all the mental forces fairly well sustained.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—breathing power moderate 
Are lacking in chest development and expansive power; 






22 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


breathe mainly with the top of the lungs; move the chest 
but little; frequently sigh; are quite liable to colds and 
coughs; extremities cold; veins blue; are easily fatigued; 
often become listless and are prone to pulmonary 
troubles.— Cultivate . 

(2.;—(i.)—BREATHING POWER WEAK AND VERY WEAK 

Are strongly predisposed to lung diseases; chest is hol¬ 
low or flat, with little expansive power; extremities 
cold; features shrunken. The mental operations are 
slow and greatly lacking in animation. Should take the 
very best care of the health and use every 'means possi¬ 
ble to improve the breathing power, and seek a mild, 
dry climate.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE BREATHING POWER 
Have the clothing loose enough to give perfectly free 
action to the lungs; stand erect; fill the lungs clear up 
full at every inspiration and empty them out completely 
at every expiration; have the room well ventilated, espe¬ 
cially the sleeping apartments; take a number of full, 
deep inspirations before and after each meal. For spe¬ 
cial training stand erect, throw the shoulders back, fill 
the chest as full as possible without straining—being 
careful to inhale through the nostrils only — place a 
small tube in the mouth and force the air out through 
this tube with all the power possible, this will dilate the 
air cells to their greatest capacity and at the same time 
strengthen the muscles of the chest. Place the hands 
over different parts of the chest and then direct the ex¬ 
pansion to that part seeing how much the hands can be 
elevated by the breathing. Repeat the above exercises 
a number of times each day and the breathing power and 
chest expansion will increase rapidly, with it will come 
life, health, vigor and animation. 


VIII.—riENTAL TEnPERAHENT 


(70—MENTAL TEHPERAMENT VERY STRONG. 

Have light build, spare form, quick motion, very large 





HUMAN NATURE. 


23 


brain; are too intense, liigh strung, imaginative; too 
sensitive and refined; prone to overdo; given to ex¬ 
tremes; sensitive, susceptible, too highly animated; 
greatly prefer study or light, quick work; are too much 
alive; are liable to early exhaustion and premature 
death.— Restrain. 

(6.)—MENTAL TEMPERAMENT STRONG 

Are very much like 7 only less in degree; naturally in¬ 
clined to intellectual and moral pursuits, rather than 
animal pleasures. Are thoughtful, earnest and imagina¬ 
tive. With the Motive Temperament 6 and the Vital 5 
will be tough, wiry, energetic, keen and highly aggres¬ 
sive; practical in execution, profound in planning; pro¬ 
ficient in either the business, professional or literary 
world; have strong feelings, and if the Moral Sentiments 
predominate will be fond of occult sciences and psycho¬ 
logical studies. If the Vital be 6 and the Motive only 
3 or 4, will be especially inclined toward light literary 
work or business where variety is afforded; will be in¬ 
tensely emotional, have refined but ardent feelings; 
more brilliancy than depth.— Restrain. 

(5.)—MENTAL TEMPERAMENT GOOD 
Are well endowed with mental power; are capable of 
accomplishing much in the way of business, mechanics, 
books or the professions; the natural bent of the life will 
depend much upon the relative strength of the other 
temperaments and the Organic Quality. 

(4.)—MENTAL TEMPERAHENT AVERAGE 
Have fair mental power if it be properly called out, but 
must be thoroughly cultured to accomplish much in the 
way of study or literary work. With the Motive 6 or 7, 
are more inclined towards manual labor than study; 
with the Vital strong, prefer business, stocks and trade 
to books or hard work.— Cultivate. 

( 3 .)—MENTAL TEHPERAMENT MODERATE 
Do not like study; are rather slow to learn, dull of com¬ 
prehension; not very highly animated; feel and enjoy in 



24 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


a limited degree; are pretty well satisfied to enjoy the 
appetites and pleasuses of this life without worrying 
about the future. With the Motive and Vital 6 or 7, 
are powerful in animal force, but decidedly deficient in 
animation, sentiment, imagination and refinement.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(2.)—(1.)—nENTAL TEHPERArkENT WEAK aND VERY WEAK 

Have a small brain, blunt, coarse features, dull eye, ex¬ 
pressionless face, low retreating forehead; are exceed¬ 
ingly dull of comprehension, deficient in judgement; 
have a poor memory, a dislike for books, coarse feelings, 
little or no sentiment; are void of imagination; are de¬ 
cidedly animal.— Ciiltivate. 

TO CULTIVATE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT 
Avoid all coarse meats, pork, sausage, etc; the coarser 
vegetables; direct the forces more to the brain; strive to 
feel more intensely, to enjoy more keenly; have a high 
ideal and bend every energy in that dire .tion; give more 
expression to the sentiments, since expression of any 
power strengthens it; strive to appreciate beauty and 
poetry in books and nature; study the fine arts; spend 
a few moments each day with the poets; read, study, 
imagine, invent; learn to think independently; have an 
opinion on all subjects; avoid all low associates; give 
less time and thought to appetite, business and manual 
exercise and more to intellectual improvement; associate 
and converse with intelligent people; most of all study 
human nature in all its phases as this, more than any 
other study, will call into play all the mental powers. 

TO RESTRAIN MENTAL TEMPERAMENT 
Rigidly avoid tea, Coffee, tobacco, liquor, condiments, 
excitement, worry and all extremes physical or mental. 
Direct the forces towards the muscles and the strength¬ 
ening of the vital organs; strive to relish the food, phy¬ 
sical pleasures and manual labor more and study books 
and sentiment less; live more in the real and less in the 
ideal; be more practical and less theoretical; be more 



HUMAN NATURE. 


25 


substantial and less artificial; learn to do tlie ordinary 
things of life without becoming so animated, intense and 
positive; sleep, eat and work more; think and feel less. 


IX.—ACTIVITY AND INTENSITY 


(7.)—ACTIVITY very strong 

Are extremely quick, intense and always on the go; ac¬ 
tive, lively, restless, wide awake; can’t be still, always 
changing, ever in motion and doing something and al¬ 
most go wild if compelled to be still; must move some 
part of the body or suffer downright torture; are high 
strung, quick tempered, flashy, intense in feeling; learn 
readily, comprehend quickly; think and speak too fast 
to be thorough; are always overdoing; prone to extremes; 
wear self and everybody else out.— Restrain . 

(6.)—ACTIVITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; quick, active, restless, 
ever going, doing. Can learn rapidly, comprehend 
quickly, understand things at first glance; fond of out¬ 
doing and excelling others; are better fitted for some busi¬ 
ness where activity rather than great strength is re¬ 
quired . — Restrain . 

( 50 —( 40 —ACTIVITY GOOD AND AVERAGE 

Are fairly active; not inclined to overdo; like to be mov¬ 
ing about if they don’t have to move too fast; do not 
like to be hurried, neither can they stand it to wait 
long; prefer a persistent, constant doing rather than in¬ 
tense spasmodic action; learn quite easily, but not as 
fast as some, and are well calculated to meet life as it is. 

(3.)—ACTIVITY MODERATE 

Are rather slow and inactive; can’t stand it to be hur¬ 
ried; must have plenty of time; if the Vital and Motive 
be strong may manifest a good deal of physical endur¬ 
ance and accomplish a good deal in life, but move like 
the draft horse, and require lots of time; comprehend 
slowly; if the brain be large, may be capable of pro- 





26 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


found, deep thought, but are too slow to be appreciated; 
as a speaker, would weary an audience by tediousness 
and slowness; may have deep feelings, but it takes so 
long to get them started would hardly be credited with 
them; hurry up.— Cultivate . 

(2.)—(i.)—ACTIVITY WEAK AND VERY WEAK 
Are downright sluggish; never move unless necessary; 
all the thoughts, feelings and emotions are so slow in mani¬ 
festation as to have little influence; belong to the ox- 
teain rather than the electric age.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE ACTIVITY 

Gradually increase the rate of speed in working, doing, 
thinking and the intensity of feeling; remember that a 
moment gained is one more of life; watch self carefully 
and do not spend an hour in doing a thing that can be 
done equally as well in forty-five minutes; see how 
quickly you can dispatch everything in hand. 

TO RESTRAIN ACTIVITY 

Gradually slacken the pace; remember that great speed 
and activity produces friction and unnecessary wear; 
take a little more time; do not speak quite so fast; be 
more thorough in study and not quite so intense; strive 
to be quiet, deliberate, and do not drive so fast; will 
accomplish much more in life and live longer by going 
slower. 


X—EXCITABILITY. 


(7.)—EXCITABILITY VERY STRONG 
Are a bundle of extremes, a creature of impulse, highly 
susceptible to impressions of all kinds, intensely excited 
by trifles, apt to magnify everything, given to exagger¬ 
ation; enjoy and suffer in the highest degree; are enthu¬ 
siastic, quick tempered, passionate and brilliant; with 
high Organic Quality, will burn like the calcium light, 
one moment and are veiled in darkness the next, spend 
one hour with the angels in poetry and song and the 






HUMAN NATURE. 


2 7 


next witli the devils in bitterness, sorrow and re¬ 
morse.— Restrain. 

(6.)—EXCITABILITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less so; impetuous, impulsive, intense, 
susceptible to external influences; prone to extremes; 
too flashy; should cool down.— Restrain. 

(5.)—excitability good 

Are easily aroused but not carried away by excitement 
or especially prone to extremes; sufficiently sensitive yet 
not fiery or impulsive; with Activity 6, will be very 
quick but cool and will act knowingly; very seldom lose 
the presence of mind and are sufficiently deliberate. 

(4.)—EXCITABILITY AVERAGE 
Are cool, deliberate, seldom excited, calm, not very sus¬ 
ceptible to impressions, slow to respond to the feelings 
of others; usually manifest the same quiet spirit under 
all circumstances.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—EXCITABILITY MODERATE 
Are rather listless; lack the ability to respond to the 
feelings of others; are rarely elated or depressed; put 
but little life or soul into anything, and are enthusiastic 
in nothing.— Cultivate. 

(2.)—(1.)—EXCITABILITY WEAK AND VERY WEAK 
Have blunt features, expressionless face; are spiritless, 
sleepy, monotonous and stupid; are void of all glow, 
feeling and impulse in life; are perfectly incapable of re¬ 
sponding to the feelings of others.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE EXCITABILITY 
Wake up; throw yourself more susceptible to impres¬ 
sions; let the soul respond to the vibrations of others; 
throw more impulse, life and vigor into every thought 
and emotion; fan the smouldering coals, of life into a 
flame, that it may warm the feelings, quicken the emo¬ 
tions, give glow to the sentiment and brilliancy to the 
intellect; be more enthusiastic; go anywhere and every¬ 
where where excitement maintains. 

TO RESTRAIN EXCITABILITY 

Avoid everything of a stimulating and irritating charao 



28 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


ter in food or drink; all scenes of excitement or places of 
amusement where the feelings are played on too much; 
restrain your individuality under all circumstances; do 
not allow your feelings, emotions or sympathies to be 
stirred by others; be calm, tranquil, cool and peaceful as 
nearly as possible under all circumstances; always act on 
the second sober thought rather than the first impulse; 
cultivate perfect self-control. 


XL—SIZE OF BRAIN. 


(7.)—BRAIN VERY LARGE 

Have a head measuring from 24 to 25 inches. With 
good health, a strong combination of the temperaments, 
and fine Organic Quality, are a mental genius, possess a 
giant mind; have tireless energies, great warmth of 
affection; strong appetites, a powerful will; great origin¬ 
ality of mind, depth of thought; sway the minds of 
others with perfect ease; are a natural leader, only re¬ 
quire an opportunity to exert a world-wide influence; 
with proper cultivation are capable of reaching the high¬ 
est walks of science and literature. With Quality and 
Activity low will evince great power on great occasions, 
but will be too sluggish to be easily aroused and too 
slow to be fully appreciated. Where the health is but 
moderate are constantly in danger of overdoing; ex¬ 
haust all forces through the brain and leave the ganga- 
lionic nervous system weak and powerless; must estab¬ 
lish a balanced condition between body and brain.— Re¬ 
strain. 

(6.)—SIZE OF BRAIN LARGE 

Head measures from 23 to 24 inches. Are like 7 only 
less in degree; have great mental power; take a broad 
and comprehensive view of all subjects; with strong 
combinations of Temperaments and Quality are capable 
of rising to great eminence, of conducting large, exten¬ 
sive business: ha^ e great force of . character and superioi 





HUMAN NATURE. 


2 9 


judgment; will make the influence felt in whatever 
direction the forces are turned. With Activity only 
average and a sluggish Temperament require much 
training and education to give direction to the strong 
qualities; have more talent than tact, more genius than 
is manifest. 

(5.)—SIZE OF BRAIN FULL 

Head measures from 22 to 23 inches. The brain is suf¬ 
ficiently large, so that with Organic Quality and Activ¬ 
ity 6 are capable of accomplishing much in life, of 
evincing great natural talents, becoming a finished 
scholar, and exerting much influence over others. With 
a sluggish Temperament and low Organic Quality will 
manifest ordinary mental qualities and be quite limited 
in the capabilities; may be quite strong in certain direc¬ 
tions but lack the power of the all-round genius. 

( 40 —SIZE OF BRAIN AVERAGE 
Head measures from 21 to 22 inches. With excellent 
Quality and Activity 6 have a quick, clear; intense mind, 
capable of doing much in the way of study, business and 
enterprise; may possess marked genius in the line of 
special development, but are only moderate in many of 
the mental qualities; lack the brain capacity to become 
great in many lines; are limited in originality of 
thought, power and influence. With low Organic Qual¬ 
ity and Activity are very ordinary in the mental capac- 
ites, feelings and sentiments and incapable of conducting 
extensive business, or of accomplishing much as a stu¬ 
dent.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—SIZE OF BRAIN HODERATE 
Head measures from 20 to 21 inches. With Quality, 
Temperament and Activity all 6 may manifest a consider¬ 
able force, feeling, sentiment or mentality in special 
directions but not in all; have an active mind; consider¬ 
able tact, but very little talent. With low Quality and 
Activity 2 or 3 are weak in mind; simple in character; a 
creature of circumstances; decidedly under the control 
of others.— Ctiltivate . 



30 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


(2.)—(i.)—SIZE OF BRAIN SMALL AND VERY SMALL 

Head measures from 19 to 20 inches. With high Or¬ 
ganic Quality, splendid Temperament and Activity, 
may have considerable of energy, feeling or mentality in 
special directions but considered as a whole, the mind is 
weak, feelings tame, but little sentiment and very lim¬ 
ited mentality; are incapable of taking more than the 
rudiments of an education; have little character or in¬ 
fluence. With low organization are dull, stupid, simple- 
minded and little above, if not quite idiotic. 


II. 


DESCRIPTION 

OF 

THE ELEMENTS OF MIND. 


THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 


VITATIVENESS—No. i. 


(7.)—ViTATIVENESS VERY STRONG 
Cling to life with the utmost tenacity; resist every ap¬ 
proach of death and injury with all the powers of energy 
and will; will never say die; are selfish in this particular; 
will sacrifice others rather than self; are overly in¬ 
terested in the life of friends and loved ones; even the 
thought of death brings an irresistible shudder.— Re¬ 
strain. 

(6.)—VITATIVENESS STRONG 

Set a very high estimate upon life and will resist dis¬ 
ease to the last; with the other propensities strong will 
manifest great courage in self preservation; with very 








HUMAN NATURE. 


3 1 


strong Caution will avoid all dangerous travel, exposure 
to disease, and everything that threatens life; become 
greatly excited and unduly alarmed at the approach of 
danger; with strong Hope greatly enjoy the thought of 
eternal life, but with weak Hope and an uncultured in¬ 
tellect dread death as annihilation.— Restrain. 

(5.)—VITATIVENESS good. 

Are like 6 only less in degree; cling tenaciously to life; 
yield reluctantly to disease, and are not inclined to give 
up without a persistent contest. 

(4.)—VITATIVENESS AVERAGE 
Love life and earnestly cling to it, yet are somewhat 
lacking in the power to resist disease; should set a higher 
estimate on the continuity of existence.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —(2 )—VITATIVENESS MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are deficient in the love of life; lack the impulse of self 
preservation; yield too readily to destructive forces; are too 
submissive to invading foes; are apt to be careless about 
personal welfare; with weak Caution are even reckless; 
take undue exposures and under heavy pressure or great 
mental disturbance may feel inclined to suicide; may 
cling to life on account of family, business or the grati¬ 
fication of other powers, but not for the mere sake of 
existence.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—VITATIVENESS VERY WEAK 
Cling to life only to gratify other elements or for the 
good of others; have no special fear of death and are 
not even greatly disturbed at the thought of death as an 
unending sleep.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE VITATIVENESS. 

Place a higher estimate upon life audits privileges; per¬ 
fect the health; direct the energies; quicken the feel¬ 
ings; feed the mind and perfect the sentiments, that . 
every action may give pleasure, every impulse joy, 
every thought expansion, every sentiment beauty, so 
that life here and hereafter may have a new charm. 
Make the protection and perfection of life paramount; 




32 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


call energy, force, caution and will to the aid cf Vita- 
tiveness in the resistance of disease. 

TO RESTRAIN VITATIVENESS 
Avoid a morbid love of life and dread of death; think 
less of life and more of its achievements; less of the 
present life and more of its future perfection; overcome 
the fear of exit from this life by being prepared to meet 
the demands of the next. 


COURAGE—No. 2 . 

(7.)—COURAGE VERY STRONG 

Are extremely energetic, forcible and ever busy; are 
bold, fearless, courageous; can face danger without 
flinching and coolly stare death in the face; love conten¬ 
tion; seek opposition; overcome all obstacles; will not 
give up. With strong Approbation and Language are 
apt to be boisterous and bombastic; with strong Con¬ 
science defend right and principle; strong Reasoning 
Powers are very argumentative; with Moral Sentiments 
moderate are apt to be quarrelsome, contentious and re¬ 
vengeful. — R es train . 

(6.)—COURAGE STRONG 

Are brave, resolute, fearless, determined; drive whatever 
is undertaken hard; are cool and deliberate in time of 
danger. With strong Friendship are quick to defend 
friends; with strong Inhabitiveness are very patriotic; 
with strong Self Reliance will defend personal interests; 
with the mental qualities moderate and a strong muscu¬ 
lar system will manifest great physical energy.— Restrain . 
(5.)—COURAGE GOOD 

Are as described in 6 only less in degree; are energetic 
and enterprising in business; have sufficient force and 
* courage, but the direction of its manifestations will be 
determined largely by the stronger powers. 

(4.)—COURAGE AVERAGE 

Are moderately energetic in the direction of the stronger 
powers of the mind, but are not very spirited, enter- 




HUMAN NATURE. 


33 


prising or forcible; may be combative and argumentive 
when thoroughly aroused, but require the support of 
other elements to be brave, cool and deliberate; with a 
sluggish Temperament are irresolute and lazy.— Cultivate. 

( 30—(2 )—COURAGE HODERATE AND WEAK 
Are lacking in energy, enterprise, courage and force; 
are too ease-loving and indolent; lack the push to make 
business a success; the pluck to overcome obstacles and 
perform difficult tasks; the courage to stand by convic¬ 
tions; the bravery to meet opposition; the valor to face 
the enemy and the hardships of life. With weak Self 
Reliance are afraid to undertake anything, to stand up 
for rights, and are prone to say, “I can’t.”— Cultivate. 
(i.)—COURAGE VERY WEAK 

Have neither energy, enterprise nor courage.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE COURAGE 

See to it that the physical forces are strong, then en¬ 
courage an energetic, progressive, determined, bold, 
defiant, resolute spirit; get up and git; overcome obsta¬ 
cles; meet opposition; engage in debate; defend princi¬ 
ples; discuss politics, religion, social ethics; take sides 
on every question and defend your proposition; put 
force and enterprise into whatever you do. 

TO RESTRAIN COURAGE 

Take the opposite course from the above; avoid over¬ 
doing; give diversity to your energy; avoid contention 
and argument; avoid all places of gaming, fighting and 
brawling society; keep the temper under perfect con¬ 
trol; never give way to anger and wrath; cultivate a 
pleasant, amiable manner, that there may be cour¬ 
age with gentleness. 

EXECUTIVENESS—No. 3 . 


(7.)—EXECUTIVENESS VERY STRONG 

Are extremely aggressive, active, energetic; can’t be 
still; delight in doing, undertaking, dispatching work, 
business, study and whatever is to be done; take pleas- 





34 


DKSCRIPTIVK CHART OF 


lire in destroying, uprooting, cutting down whatever 
stands in the way or impedes progress; have extraordin¬ 
ary executive ability; can endure pain without, flinch¬ 
ing and, if need be, inflict it upon others; when angry 
are most bitter and with low Organic Quality or dis¬ 
eased nerves may resort to violence, cruelty, revenge 
and crime.— Restrain. 

(6.)— EXECUTIVENESS STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree; are aggressive, active, 
energetic and forcible; when angry are inclined to be 
bitter and severe; with strong Language will express 
indignation with scathing, cutting epithets; with weak 
Kindness are merciless to enemies; with strong Con¬ 
science are quick to execute the law; with moderate 
Moral Sentiments are not adverse to killing animals and 
are fond of flesh meats. Must give wise direction to 
Kxecutiveness and keep the anger under perfect con¬ 
trol. — Restrain. 

(5.)—EXECUTIVENESS GOOD 

Are fairly aggressive and energetic; will manifest a good 
degree of activity and push in business; are usually 
found doing but not inclined to overdo; are usually good 
natured, but when angry may be vindictive, indignant 
and severe, but with strong Caution the anger is more 
apt to expend itself in words than in acts of violence. 

(4.)—EXECUTIVENESS AVERAGE 
Are like 5 only less in degree.— Cultivate. 

(30—(2.)—EXECUTIVENESS riODERATE AND WEAK 
Are lacking in executive power; too easy; too slow; are 
constitutionally tired; deficient in snap, thunder, fire; 
too tender hearted; too easily imposed upon; deficient in 
the push requisite for the highest order of success; have 
verv little temper, and even when angry are not apt to 
be severe; can neither withstand nor inflict pain, and 
dislike to hurt, injure or take the life of anything.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(1.)—EXECUTEVENESS VERY WEAK 

Are almost destitute of aggressiveness or the inclination 
to do.— Cultivate. 



HUMAN NATURE. 


35 


TO CULTIVATE EXECUTIVENESS 

Put action into energy, force into doing; see how much 
can be accomplished in a given time; undertake more 
and go right through it; put more snap, vim and inten¬ 
sity into every action; have an object in life and then 
spur up the energies to its accomplishment; work with 
head and hands; climb hills; take active exercise; exe¬ 
cute plans, defend the right; fight public evils; always 
be found in the execution of something and ready to 
manifest a righteous indignation against wrong. 

TO RESTRAIN EXECUTIVENESS 
Avoid overdoing; go slow; undertake less; rest more; 
take life easy; don’t worry; use very little animal food; 
think twice before you speak or act; when angry count 
ten before expressing it; avoid destroying, torturing or 
killing; do not think of cruelty; keep away from all 
places of torture and torment; be tender and kind to 
everything that lives; subject all energy and execution 
to the wisdom of intellect and the guidance of the Moral 
Sentiments. Use very little if any animal food. 


APPETITE—No. 4. 


(7.)—APPETITE VERY STRONG 
Relish the food in the highest degree; are apt to sacrifice 
everything to satisfy the palate; allow the thought of eat¬ 
ing to have altogether too much influence upon the char¬ 
acter; are very prone to over eat; never stop as long as a 
thing tastes good or until in misery; are very apt to suf¬ 
fer from dyspepsia. From taking more food than nature 
requires, the system is apt to become clogged and the 
brain fatty, the temperament sluggish, the feelings gross 
and the mind dull. Must curb the appetite, let wisdom 
attend or gluttony will rule to ruin.— Restrain. 

(6.)—APPETITE STRONG 

Have a hearty relish for food; are prone to over indulge; 
want everything well cooked; with strong Acquisitiveness 
lay up an abundance of food for future use, keep the 





36 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


storehouse well filled, want the best the market affords 
and make eating a prominent factor in all the labors and 
pleasures of life.— Restrain. 

(5.)—APPETITE GOOD 

Relish the food, but are not inclined to over eat; enjoy 
the meal hour but may sacrifice it to other things; are 
not controlled by appetite, yet are apt to eat quite suffi¬ 
cient. 

(4.)—APPETITE AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less in degree. 

( 3 .)_( 2 -)—APPETITE MODERATE AND WEAK 
Give* too little thought to the selection and preparation 
of food; eat with little relish; are apt to sacrifice the 
meal hour to business or study; eat rather to live; feel 
but little hunger, even when the system is actually suf¬ 
fering for the want of nourishment; are apt to be a 
poor cook and provider; with more appetite would have 
more vitality, life and pleasure.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—APPETITE VERY WEAK 

Have very little relish for food; judgment should supply 
the deficiency that the body may be well nourished with 
an abundance of plain, wholesome food.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE APPETITE 

First see to it that the digestive and assimilative func¬ 
tions are normal, with these strong, appetite is seldom 
wanting; then carefully select the best of those things 
relished most; have the table furnishings attractive; dine 
with congenial, happy companions; give everything up 
to the relishing of the meal; eat slowly and let pleasant 
thoughts seasoned with the ludicrous and mirthful at¬ 
tend. 

TO RESTRAIN APPETITE 

First remove the unnatural hankering and irritation re¬ 
sulting from inflammation of the stomach by a rigidly 
spare nonstimulating diet, avoiding everything in the 
way of condiments, tobacco and stimulants; drink very 
little with the food, but abundantly of pure water two 
hours after meals; then subject the Appetite to judg¬ 
ment, if necessary lay out a reasonable allowance, eat 



HUMAN NATURE. 


37 


that very slowly, that it may better satisfy Appetite, 
and when that is eaten, leave the table, even though 
you may feel hungry; the abnormal appetite will grad¬ 
ually diminish, if thus constantly restricted. 


BIBACITY—No. 5. 


(7.)—BIBACITY VERY STRONG 

Are extremely fond of water internally and externally; 
have great relish for soups and all palatable drinks; are 
apt to drink too much, especially when eating and by 
diluting the gastric juice bring on dyspepsia; are natur¬ 
ally prone to use flavored drinks, wines, etc.; should 
rigidly abstain from all stimulating drinks, for if this 
strong appetite becomes perverted it will be well nigh 
uncontrollable.— Restrain. 

(6.)—BIBACITY STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree .—Res tram. 

(5.)—BIBACITY GOOD 

Enjoy water well, are inclined to use it in about proper 
quantity and have no natural tendency towards intem¬ 
perance unless the power becomes perverted. 

(4.)—BIBACITY AVERAGE 

Rather prefer solid food to soups; are more apt to drink 
too little than too much; are not especially fond of flavored 
drinks.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—BIBACITY HODERATE AND WEAK 

Are not inclined to use water enongh neither internally 
nor externally and are apt to suffer from kidney and liver 
trouble on this account; are not fond of bathing, not 
even as much as is necessary for cleanliness; dislike the 
extensive use of water in any way and with strong Cau¬ 
tion have a perfect dread cf deep water.— Cultivate. 

(1.)-BIBACITY VERY WEAK 

Have a perfect dislike for the extensive use of water, 
soups, wines and liquids, would never become intemper¬ 
ate in their use except by force of habit and are far more 
apt to dry up and blow away.— Cultivate. 








38 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


TO CULTIVATE BIBACITY 

Bathe frequently and drink abundantly of pure water 
two hours after a meal and before retiring and the relish 
for water will increase. 

TO RESTRAIN BIBACITY 

Totally abstain from all flavored, fermented and stimula¬ 
ting drinks that may tempt the appetite; use only pure 
water and that in moderation; totally abstain from pep¬ 
per, mustard, hot sauces and large quantities of animal 
food. 

ACQUISITIVENESS—No. 6. 


(7.)—ACQUISITIVENESS VERY STRONG 

Are extremely anxious to accumulate; too close in mak¬ 
ing bargains; want the earth; are not satisfied with pos¬ 
sessing the necessities of life; the whole ambition seems 
to be to get and keep; are too anxious to get rich. With 
strong Secretiveness and moderate Conscience find it 
very difficult to be honest; drive a close bargain and are 
apt to justify self in stretching the truth to make a sale; 
with strong Conscience and weak Kindness, may be 
honest, but are close and penurious; with strong Friend¬ 
ship and Kindness may do much to help friends, but will 
give more advice than money; with strong Approbation 
may seem liberal when in a crowd to make a display; 
with weak Self Reliance are apt to be little and close; 
with Cautiou weak and strong Approbation and a good 
intellect will be a shrewd financier and possess great 
natural ability for accumulating wealth, seem to be able 
to turn everything into money, but with moderate 
Approbation and strong Caution will be avaricious and 
miserly. — Restrain . 

(6.)—ACQUISITIVENESS STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree; always look out for the 
dollar and consider everything from the business stand¬ 
point.— Restrain . 

(5.)—ACQUISITIVENESS GOOD 

Are anxious to accumulate, industrious in business, suf- 







HUMAN NATURE. 


39 


ficiently economical; can not bear extravagance; may 
become a good financier; like to make money but want 
it rather for its uses; the manifestation of Acquisitive¬ 
ness will depend upon the strength of the other powers. 

(4.)—ACQUISITIVENESS AVERAGE 
Desire to accumulate but want property for its uses; 
have no special desire to hoard up; with a good intel¬ 
lect have more ability for making than saving; with 
strong Kindness and energy enjoy accumulating to 
give, are never close and may even be too liberal for 
self protection.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —( 2 .)—ACQUISITIVENESS MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are deficient in the inclination and ability to accumu¬ 
late; want money for what it will buy; can be economi¬ 
cal and saving when circumstances positively demand 
it, but with plenty are too liberal and free with it; may 
make and save money by an intellectual calculation or 
for the protection of family and friends, but must have 
some other incentive than simply the instinct of hoard¬ 
ing or would never get and keep much. Are hardly 
selfish enough. With strong Caution may provide for 
future want, but with strong Friendship and Kind¬ 
ness can not say u No”; are too apt to endorse, and 
especially if Caution be weak may be reckless and ex¬ 
travagant; should buy only what can be paid for, do 
strictly a cash business and in every way strive to im¬ 
prove this power.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—ACQUISITIVENESS VERY WEAK 
Have very little ability and little or no desire to hoard 
and accumulate; without assistance are apt to suffer in 
seasons of want for the necessities of life and become an 
object of charity in old age.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE ACQUISITIVEVENESS 
Place a higher estimate on values; keep a strict account 
of all expenses; see wherein even the smallest amount 
can be saved; never throw anything away that could be 
used by self or others; learn to use up all scraps, odds 
and ends; watch the markets; study the shifts of trade 



40 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


the lives of financiers and see how money may be hon¬ 
estly, yet rapidly accumulated; engage in some business 
and bend every energy in that direction; be careful in 
the choice and do that one thing well; do a cash business; 
count the money often and see to it that there is always 
a little ahead; call the intellect, affections and ambi¬ 
tion to aid Acquisitiveness in the desire to acquire. 

TO RESTRAIN ACQUISITIVENESS 
Think less of money and property values; use the intel¬ 
lect and the Moral Sentiments more and Acquisitiveness 
less; avoid sacrificing other pleasures to accumulate 
property; be contented with reasonable and honorable 
success; remember that ill-gotten gain is always a loss; 
be as free to give as to receive, as willing to use as to 
earn; strive to be generous and liberal in all things. 


SECRETIVENESS—No. 7. 


(7.)— 5 ECRETIVENESS VERY STRONG 

Are very reserved, sly, non-committal; too secretive to 
be strictly honest; love to surround everything done in 
mystery; enjoy surprising others; are seldom if ever fully 
understood; are unable to confide, and even the best 
friends do not understand and may greatly misjudge the 
motives. With moderate Conscience are sly, tricky, 
foxy, double dealing, untrustworthy and with strong 
Acquisitiveness may both lie and cheat, if guilty of any 
crime or misdemeanor will never tell of it.— Restrain . 

(6.)—SECRETIVENESS STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree; have great natural reserve, 
splendid self control; are inclined to keep everything 
hidden; with very strong Conscience may be honest but 
will be very discreet and guarded, and are never caught 
in a corner.— Restrain. 

.(5.)—SECRETIVENESS GOOD 

Evince much self control; usually keep the plans well 
covered; confide with the few rather than the many; with 
an active temperament and moderate Caution may be too 





HUMAN NATURE. 


4 * 


expressive at times; with strong Approbation take the 
popular side of subjects; with Conscience strong are up¬ 
right and truthful, but discreet and sufficiently reserved. 

(4.)—SECRETIVENESS AVERAGE 
Maintain a fair degree of self government, except under 
excitement or heavy pressure, when the whole mind is 
apt to gain expression; are fairly reserved; can usually 
control the feelings; dislike deception; are not very good 
in playing the part of another and are apt to be a little 
too candid for self protection.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —( 20 —SECRETIVENESS MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are too transparent and outspoken; pursue an open, 
direct course; all feelings, emotions and desires are too 
plainly manifested in the actions, expressions and lan¬ 
guage; express opinions too unguardedly; are too unsus¬ 
pecting, too trusting; are not sufficiently circumspect in 
conduct; in business prefer the one priced system, and 
can not bear to barter or “jew down” another’s prices; are 
not good in deception, are apt to be detected and ex¬ 
posed. With strong Friendship are sincere and open 
hearted, too susceptible and communicative; with strong 
Conscience tell the truth, the whole truth, in a direct, 
straight-forward, unreserved manner and despise decep¬ 
tion and hypocrisy above everything in human nature;, 
choose direct and unequivocal modes of expression; are 
apt to expose faults as readily as virtues and should 
strive to be more judicious, reserved, self possessed" and 
discreet.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—SECRETIVENESS VERY WEAK 
Are perfectly transparent and but for the action of other 
powers disclose everything.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE SECRETIVENESS 
Remember that to be too outspoken, transparent, com¬ 
municative and ungaurded is a constitutional weakness; 
should supplv by intellect what is lacking in instinct; 
strive to control and supress every emotion and sentiment; 
be guarded in every expression; make acquaintances 
carefully and confide only in the few that are known 



42 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


to be reliable; watch everybody; make it a rule of the life 
never to tell or allow even with the most intimate friend, 
what could injure should they become an enemy. 

TO RESTRAIN SECRETIVENESS 
Cultivate a direct, straight forward, candid, unequivo¬ 
cating manner; be outspoken and direct; give full ex¬ 
pression to the higher sentiments; reveal the inmost 
thoughts to others; confide in loved ones; express the 
wishes, desires and appreciations with unquestionable 
directness and frankness. 


II.-THE SOCIAL FEELINGS. 


AMATIVENESS—No. 8. 


(7.)—AHATIVENESS VERY STRONG 

Are extremely warm hearted, loving, magnetic and are 
irresistibly attracted by the opposite sex; when under 
the influence of this power are very gentle, sympathetic 
and kind to the loved one; must have some one to love 
and reciprocate the affections; without love everything 
seems to go wrong and even life is a failure; all the 
other feelings, sentiments, ambitions and thoughts are 
too much under the control of this master feeling, and if 
the Moral Sentiments be weak are prone to abuse this 
power.— Restrain. 

(6.)—AMATIVENESS STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; very loving, warm 
hearted and affectionate; a great admirer of personal 
beauty as well as intellectual attainments in the oppo¬ 
site sex; should carefully control the love element that 
it may only exert an influence for good and thereby be 
a blessing to self and others. With fine Organic Qual¬ 
ity will be extremely poetic and sentimental in the love 
nature; with strong Kindness are very tender towards 
the loved one; with strong Secretiveness may be re- 









HUMAN NATURE. 


43 


served, but with Secretiveness and Caution moderate 
are too gushing, trusting, outspoken and are very apt 
to suffer from the selfishness of others, are apt to love 
not wisely but too well.— Restrain. 

(5.)—AHATIVENESS GOOD 

Are loving and affectionate towards the opposite sex; 
sufficiently ardent but can usually control the desires; 
have quite enough of the love nature, but are apt to be 
controlled by the stronger elements of the mind. 

(4.)—(3.)AriATIVENESS AVERAGE AND MODERATE 
Are fairly warm hearted and affectionate towards the 
object of the affections; appreciate the opposite sex, but 
are not especially controlled by them; can enjoy the 
marriage relation but need to have the love nature 
called out by a loving companion. With strong Conju¬ 
gality and a congenial companion would be most faith¬ 
ful, constant and true, neither seeking nor desiring the 
affections of others; with strong Secretiveness are very 
apt to disappoint the companion by giving too little 
expression to love.— Cultivate. 

(2.)—AMATIVENESS WEAK AND VERY WEAK 
Are very indifferent towards the opposite sex; are very 
tame in the affections and with weak Kindness are cold 
and uncompanionable; with strong Conjugality may 
select a companion, but it is rather from a business or 
intellectual standpoint than from a desire to exchange 
affections.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE AMATIVENESS 
Go much in the society of the opposite sex; observe 
closely and strive to fully appreciate their excellences, 
overlooking their faults and admiring their virtues; be 
as courteous, tender, kind and obliging as possible; espe¬ 
cially, associate with those having a very strong, loving, 
magnetic nature; since like excites like, love excites 
love. To associate with a loving nature will call out 
this power faster than in any other way; under such 
associations, strive to feel and respond to the strong 
affections of the other; if married elevate the love to a 



44 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


purely soul sympathy and strive to' admire all that is 
good, lofty and sentimental in the conjugal mate. Love 
to be strong and pure must draw its sustenance from the 
skies rather than from the earth. 

TO RESTRAIN AMATIVENESS 
See to it that the appetites are not perverted, so that 
love is unduly inflamed; strive to live more in the intel¬ 
lectual and moral; avoid all books of fiction or conversa¬ 
tion of a character calculated to excite affection; seek 
the association of the opposite sex only for the inter¬ 
change of pure thoughts, lofty sentiments and soul 
sympathy; remember that the force needs directing 
rather than restraining, for if manifested only toward 
the companion or in that higher communion of soul with 
soul it can only bring pleasure; avoid bringing every¬ 
thing to the plane of affection and do not allow the 
ardent affections to go out and excite love in others only 
to pass them by and leave them disappointed. 


CONJUGALITY—No. 9. 

( 7 .)—CONJUGALITY VERY STRONG 

Are extremely exclusive in the affections and demand 
the same exclusiveness on the part of the loved one; 
seem irresistibly impelled to select some one of the oppo¬ 
site sex as the sole object of the affections in whom every¬ 
thing is confided and on whom every good thing within 
the reach is lavished; are apt to be very happy or ex¬ 
tremely miserable in the affections; if disappointed in love 
become broken hearted, find it very difficult to rise and 
are apt to become reckless; if properly mated enjoy the 
most perfect soul sympathy and can not bear to have the 
companion out of sight for a moment; are too much un¬ 
der the control of the conjugal instincts to have freedom 
in judgment.— Restrain. 

(6.)—CONJUGALITY STRONG 

Seek one sexual mate; with strong Continuity are con¬ 
stant and faithful in the affections; suffer most intensely 





HUMAN NATURE. 


45 


when the love is interrupted; will ever be restless as a 
ship at sea even in the best of society until a mate is 
found, then become perfectly contented and at rest in 
his or her society.— Restrain. 

(5.)—CONJUGALITY GOOD 

Are inclined to be constant and true in the affections; 
with strong Amativeness may drift about for a time and 
be quite changeable, but having once centered the affec¬ 
tions experience no difficulty in keeping them constant, 
yet will not suffer long if the affections are interrupted. 

( 40 —'CONJUGALITY AVERAGE 

Are inclined to select a companion and disposed to love 
but one, yet capable of changing from one to another, 
and with moderate Conscience, strong Amativeness, Se¬ 
cretiveness and Approbation are inclined to coquetry and 
are liable to be unstable in the affections.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —(2.)—CONJUGALITY MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are rather inclined to promiscuous association; are apt to 
love immediate associates most; out of sight out 
of mind; with strong Moral Sentiments may be faithful 
and true as a lover or a companion through the sense of 
honor or self-respect, but with the controlling sentiments 
moderate and the propensities strong seek to form many 
attachments, to enjoy the society of many rather than 
remain constant to one.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—CONJUGALITY VERY WEAK 
Manifest very little or none of this feeling and are con¬ 
trolled in action entirely by other elements of the 
mind.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CONJUGALITY 

Make a careful study of the peculiarities of self and 
the demands of the nature, then judiciously select one 
possessing qualities that will ever excite admiration and 
feed the affections, that they may become stronger the 
longer you are associated together; having made the 
selection, constantly admire and concentrate all affection 
upon the one; do not allow new faces to detract the at¬ 
tention; when absent from the loved one, keep the good 




46 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


qualities and pleasant memories ever uppermost in the 
mind. 

TO RESTRAIN CONJUGALITY 

Strive to see the good qualities of all rather than idealize 
one; do not allow the affections to become so concen¬ 
trated upon one person as to make life’s happiness, suc¬ 
cesses and failures depending upon that one; retain the 
individuality, sufficient to be able to stand alone if need 
be; if the object of the affections be removed seek an¬ 
other; remember that the heart that can love once can 
love again and the quickest way to destroy an old love is 
to form new attachments. 


PARENTAL LOVE—No. io. 

(7.)—PARENTAL LOVE VERY STRONG 
Are extremely fond of children and pets; as a parent 
would be inclined to idolize the offspring; are blind to 
their faults, proud of their virtues and are 5 pt to be too 
loving toward them to command obedience; form the 
acquaintance of children everywhere; are always inter¬ 
ested in the child nature; must have something to pet, 
and are overly anxious about the welfare of little 
ones. — Restrain . 

(6.)—PARENTAL LOVE STRONG 
Are passionately fond of children; are apt to be too 
indulgent as a parent. With strong Kindness are apt to 
be extremely kind towards children and pets; with 
strong Caution are always in a worry lest something 
should injure them; if quick tempered may be severe in 
a moment of anger, but are very sorry for the rashness 
a moment later; with strong Courage are always defend¬ 
ing the weak; with strong Intellectual Faculties delight 
in teaching and directing the mind. Must keep this 
feeling under the control of the Moral Sentiments and 
judgment, that it may not prove injurious to the little 
ones. — Restrain. 

( 50 —PARENTAL LOVE GOOD 

Are very fond of children in general and your own in 




HUMAN NATURE. 


47 


particular; will sacrifice much for them, but are not apt 
to be over-indulgent or to give special attention towards 
animals or pets. 

(4.)—PARENTAL LOVE AVERAGE 
Are like 5 only less in degree; are capable of loving 
children and pets but manifest but little of this attach¬ 
ment except to what belongs to self.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—(2)—PARENTAL LOVE MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are rather cold and indifferent towards children and pets 
generally; have little ability or desire to win their affec¬ 
tions; dislike to be associated with children. With 
strong Kindness, Reason and Conscience may be kind 
and thoughtful towards children but do for them out of 
the sense of obligation rather than instinct; with the 
Selfish Propensities strong are not fit to govern children 
and will never keep pets.— Cultivate . 

(1.)—PARENTAL LOVE VERY WEAK 
Manifest no love for children; are controlled in the rela¬ 
tion towards them by other faculties.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE PARENTAL LOVE 
Associate much with children; study the child nature 
and strive to come in sympathy with it; pet and care for 
the little and innocent; see how much of interest and 
tenderness you can manifest toward them. 

TO RERTRAIN PARENTAL LOVE 
Be governed in the relations to children more by judg¬ 
ment than by instinct; spend less time in caressing and 
petting; divert the attention from one to many; be less 
anxious about their welfare and never allow this feeling 
to control the judgment. 


FRIENDSHIP—No. 11. 


(7.)—FRIENDSHIP VERY STRONG 

Are extremely friendly, genial and hospitable; form 
strong attachments and find it extremely difficult to give 
up the old associates; are ready to make any sacrifice for 
friends; are greatly concerned in their welfare; are a 





48 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


friend in adversity as well as prosperity and are altogether 
too susceptible to the influence, good or evil, of the 
friends. Must be extremely careful in the selection of 
friends and avoid taking friendship too much into busi¬ 
ness. — Restrain. 

(6.)-FRIENDSHIP STRONG 

Are friendly, sociable and affectionate; enjoy society in 
a high degree; with strong Kindness will divide the last 
morsel with a friend; with strong Acquisitiveness will 
work friendship into business; with strong Appetite en¬ 
joy entertaining friends at the festal board; with a prac¬ 
tical intellect are always ready to advise friends and 
should direct this feeling carefully or may suffer from 
the weaknesses and failures of others.— Restrain. 

(5.)—friendship good 

Are friendly with associates and readily form new aquain- 
tences, but are not willing to sacrifice personal interest 
except Kindness be very strong; enjoy the associations 
of congenial company in a high degree, but can separate 
from them without any special feeling of loneliness; 
make friends rather than enemies. 

(4.)—FRIENDSHIP AVERAGE 

Are friendly and companionable toward the few rather 
than the many; become attached to those having similar 
likes and dislikes; are apt to place other interests above 
friendship: with strong Caution are slow in forming at¬ 
tachments and do not bind others with very strong 
bonds of affection.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—FRIENDSHIP moderate and weak 
Are rather cold and indifferent; form few attach¬ 
ments. With strong Intellectual Faculties may 
greatly enjoy the association with the thougtful; with 
strong Moral Sentiments, enjoy religious communion, 
but with strong Caution and Secretiveness make very 
few close friends and never confide with them, and know 
no friendship in business.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—FRIENDSHIP VERY WEAK 
Are incapable of friendship and are governed in the 



HUMAN NATURE. 


49 


association with others by other feelings.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE FRIENDSHIP 

Seek to associate with those whose dispositions are such 
as to make them congenial companions, go much in 
their society; speak to every one; shake hands often; 
entertain friends at home and abroad; by all means join 
some fraternal society and sftways be in attendance; enter 
more fully into the feelings, joys and pleasures of others. 
TO RESTRAIN FRIENDSHIP 

Be more exclusive; avoid making close attachments; go 
less into society; keep Friendship constantly under the 
control of judgment that it may not center on unworthy 
persons; do not allow friends to lead or influence for 
evil; be more self-containing and do not be so dependent 
on others for happiness. 


INHABITIVENESS-No. 12 . 


(7.)—INHABITIVENESS VERY STRONG 
Have an extremely strong attachment to one place, can 
not think of changing; prefer the old home with all of 
its disadvantages to moving to a more favored spot with 
many improvements; never seem to rest quite as well 
when away from home and become extremely homesick 
if long detained; are very patriotic in sentiment and are 
very much inclined to be prejudiced relative to the ad¬ 
vantages of your home and country as compared with 
other places.— Restrain . 

(6.)—INHABITIVENESS STRONG 
Have a strong desire to locate, to cling to one place, to 
establish a home for a common center around which all 
the family ties cluster and about which every feeling 
finds expression. With Approbation and Courage 
strong will defend home and country; with strong Ideal¬ 
ity take great pleasure in beautifying; with strong Appe¬ 
tite enjoy food better at home than elsewhere; with the 







5 ° 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


Selfish Propensities all strong center too much about the 
home.— Restrain. 

(5.)—INHABITIVENESS GOOD 

Are sufficiently attached to one place; prefer to remain 
in one locality, but can change about if necessary. 

(4.)—INHABITIVENESS AVERAGE 
Are not especially attached to one place only for the 
associations, the affinity for family, place or business; 
with strong Locality will be inclined to move about, to 
travel, to go wherever business, social relations, or other 
affinities may dictate.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—(2.)—INHABITIVENESS MODERATE AND WEAK 
Care very little for home, except for its associations, feel 
perfectly free to go where other interests demand; with 
a little experience in travel rest as well one place as an¬ 
other; are “at home wherever the hat’s off”; with mod¬ 
erate Continuity, strong Hope and Locality are apt to 
change about so much as to lose everything; spend more 
in traveling and moving than can be earned; should re¬ 
member that “A rolling stone gathers no moss,” that 
“Three moves are equal to a fire,” and that morals 
usually weaken with travel.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—INHABITIVENESS VERY WEAK 
Manifest 110 special attachment to home or place.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

TO CULTIVATE INHABITIVENESS 

Strive to perfect and beautify the home that it may be¬ 
come more attractive; cherish its memory by associating 
with it the pleasures derived from other feelings; study 
the history of the native country, the struggles of its 
early pioneers, the nation’s efforts for liberty; revere the 
country’s flag for the principles it represents. 

TO RESTRAIN INHABITIVENESS 
Go much abroad; study and compare the advantages of 
different localities; read books of travel and ever strive 
to be easy and contented even though a stranger in a 
strange land; remember that wherever the soul is at 
rest there is home. 



HUMAN NATURE. 


51 


III.—The Selfish Sentiments, 

CAUTION—No. 13. 

(7.)—CAUTION VERY STRONG 

Are extremely careful; watchful; over anxious; afraid of 
making a mistake; always apprehending danger; afraid 
to travel; are too guarded in expressions; refuse to run 
risks; always prefer the safe, sure way; are unable to 
decide for fear of making a mistake and if the nerves be 
disordered live in perpetual fear of impending calam¬ 
ities.— Restrain. 

(6.)—CAUTION STRONG 

Are cautious, guarded and careful; always on the look¬ 
out; provide against prospective dangers; make every¬ 
thing safe. With strong Approbation are over-anxious 
about what people may say; with strong Acquisitiveness 
very careful in investments; with weak Self Reliance 
are bashful and timid; with strong Courage may drive 
hard but are always careful; are overly watchful and 
concerned about everything of personal interest.— Re¬ 
strain. 

(5.)—CAUTION GOOD 

Are sufficiently prudent, careful and apprehensive of 
danger; look out well; are guarded in decision, but not 
too much so; have quite sufficient of this feeling, except 
where it is controlled by stronger ones. 

(4.)— 1 CAUTION AVERAGE 

Are fairly cautious, careful and prudent about those 
things in which special interest is manifested; are not 
easily frightened and may at times seem rash, reckless 
or imprudent.— Cultivate. 

(30—(30—CAUTION MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are somewhat lacking in the sense of fear; are un¬ 
guarded in action; always taking undue exposures or 
chances; are reckless and imprudent; with moderate 
becretiveness are alwavs saying things that hurt other 





52 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


people’s feelings. With strong Courage and an active 
Temperament are reckless in time of danger, with 
strong Approbation added will take great chances to 
secure the approval of others; are always making mis¬ 
takes one way or the other from a lack of Caution.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(i.)—CAUTION VERY WEAK 

Have so little of this feeling that it does not perceptibly 
effect the character.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CAUTION 

Always be on the alert for the danger signal; count all 
the chances to lose; question the security and the fidel¬ 
ity of everything; be watchful of everybody; think twice 
before acting; when a thing is believed to be right, 
proper, safe, secure or reliable, go over it again so there 
can be no mistake; finally remember that imprudence is 
the one great weakness ever to be guarded against. 

TO RESTRAIN CAUTION 

Be less apprehensive of danger; guard against the undue 
manifestation of this feeling by reason and judgment; 
call out Courage to allay fear and Firmness to sustain 
the judgment; “Never cross the bridge till you get to 
it”; remember that most evils in life are mental illu¬ 
sions, therefore never worry or fear danger; be more 
outspoken, positive and decided. 


APPROBATION—No. 14. 

( 7 .)—APPROBATION VERY STRONG 

Are extremely alive to the approval of others; too sensi¬ 
tive, too easily wounded by a word, too anxious to 
shine; too ambitious to rise in whatever direction ambi¬ 
tion tends; too much under the control of the smiles 
and frowns of others and too desirous for popular¬ 
ity.— Restrain. 

(6.)—APPROBATION STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree and altogether too sensi¬ 
tive. With strong Ideality and moderate Reasoning 




HUMAN NATURE. 


53 


Faculties are apt to be vain and proud of dress; with 
strong Self Reliance are greedy of power; with strong 
Language are extra forward in conversation and usurp 
all the time; with moderate intellect are fond of outside 
show; with strong Conscience set a high estimate upon 
character and personal integrity; with strong Courage 
will boast of valor and will not be outdone.— Restrain . 

(5.)—APPROBATION GOOD 

Thoroughly appreciate the approval of others; are anx¬ 
ious to please, alive to adverse criticism, but are not 
controlled by this sentiment. 

(4.)—APPROBATION AVERAGE 
Are fairly alive to the approval of others; have some 
ambition to please but will not sacrifice personal pleas¬ 
ure to do so; manifest considerable ambition in line with 
the stronger elements, but with moderate energy are not 
inclined to overdo; with strong Conscience will do what 
is deemed right regardless of what anybody says.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(3.)—(2.)-APPROBATION HODERATE AND WEAK 

Are somewhat lacking in the sense of approval; have 
little pride and usually do as you please with little re¬ 
gard for the good or ill will of others; care little for 
fashion or style; with strong Self Reliance and Firmness 
are decidedly independent and do not care whether 
people like your style or not; are never inclined to 
boast and fail to conform to the requirements of 

others.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—APPROBATION VERY WEAK 
Are unable to appreciate the approval or disapproval of 

o thers.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE APPROBATION 
Strive to appreciate the value of the approval of others; 
have an ideal in life, then spur up ambition to obtain it; 
place a higher estimate upon personal appearance, man¬ 
ners, politeness, intelligence and most of all upon per¬ 
sonal integrity, reputation and character. 

< TO RESTRAIN APPROBATION 

Be less alive to the opinions of others, less sensitive to 



54 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


a word; do and say what is believed to be right, then 
pay no attention to what others may say; lay aside all 
affectation, artificiality and be more natural and inde¬ 
pendent in everything; be patient in the ambitions, and 
never allow the success of others to chaff; subject this 
sentiment to the intellect, that judgment rather than 
pride may govern. 


SELF RELIANCE—No. 15. 


(7.)—SELF RELIANCE VERY STRONG 

Are very self-confident, high-headed, dignified, self-suffi¬ 
cient; place too high an estimate upon personal ability, 
position and worth; must lead, will not follow; are too 
independent and egotistical; place too much stress on the 
pronoun “I” and with moderate intellect are liable to be 
self conceited and overbearing.— Restrain. 

(6.)—SELF RELIANCE STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; are very self reliant and 
inclined to overestimate whatever belongs to or pertains 
to self; take pride in whatever belongs to self and are 
apt to think it better than the same thing, order, or class 
if belonging to others. With strong Moral Sentiments 
will command universal respect; with strong Semi-Intel¬ 
lectual Sentiments take great pride in personal charms 
or in beautifying or perfecting whatever belongs to self; 
with strong intellect rely entirely upon personal opinions 
and are not easily influenced by others; with the Selfish 
Propensities strong may be domineering and overbear¬ 
ing.— Restrain. 

(5.)—SELF RELIANCE GOOD 

Have a good degree of self confidence, dignity and self 
respect; set a high estimate upon personal ability, opinion 
or position, but can appreciate and give due respect to 
others. 

( 40 —SELF reliance average 

Have a fair appreciation of personal ability and will be 
quite self confident in those things in which you excel; 







HUMAN NATURE. 


55 


are sufficiently susceptible to the advise and influence of 
others; are fairly dignified but never egotistical.— Culti¬ 
vate. 

(3.)—(2.)—SELF RELIANCE HODERATE AND WEAK 

Place too low an estimation on self and underrate personal 
capabilities; are too diffident, too easily influenced; apt to 
associate with inferiors; too susceptible to the opinions 
and desires of others. With strong Social Feelings are 
prone to abuse them and allow them to have an expression 
on a low and unworthy plane; with strong Acquisitiveness 
and Secretiveness and with moderate Conscience may re¬ 
sort to little undignified tricks in order to make a cent; with 
Caution and Approbation strong are extremely sensitive, 
bashful, and so selfconscious and easily embarrassed as to 
be unable to take part in any public entertainment. Are 
prone to accept subordinate or inferior places; do the 
hard work; submit to dictation; with weak Courage are 
apt to be a slave to others; with weak Firmness and 
Conscience a slave to habit and appetite; with very strong 
Conscience and Veneration feel self to be the vilest sin¬ 
ner in the presence of an all wise, just God.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—SELF RELIANCE VERY WEAK 
Manifest no Self Reliance except through the influence 
of other powers.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE SELF RELIANCE 
First expunge from the character everything that is 
bad, vile, degrading, impure or unworthy, so there may 
be a consciousness of inward goodness, purity and honor; 
have a conscience void of offense so there can be no just 
condemnation from within or without, then throw back 
the head; place a higher estimate upon personal charms, 
efforts, opinions, time; value self too much to be found 
connected with anything little, degrading or cheap; 
place a higher estimate upon personal opinions and de¬ 
cide for self; be more independent; remember that it is 
better to make a mistake once in a while from an error 
in personal judgment than to be the tool of others all 
the time; remember that the most highly educated know 



56 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


but very little, and therefore if one knows his own busi¬ 
ness well, he has no cause for self deprecation. 

TO RESTRAIN SELF RELIANCE 
Always bear in mind this natural tendency to overrate 
self; think how extremely unpleasant and obnoxious 
personal egotism is in others, then be sufficiently hum¬ 
ble as not to commit the same offense against others; 
call out the Moral Sentiments and especially Kindness, 
that there may be more appreciation and respect for 
others; take one glance into the boundless universe of 
truth or the achievements of genius, then look within, 
and the insignificance of self can be better appreciated; 
avoid assuming authority or usurping positions that be¬ 
long to others; remember that the finite should always 
feel humble in the presence of the infinite. 


FIRMNESS—No. 16. 

(7.)—FIRMNESS VERY STRONG 
Are extremely firm, positive, obstinate and set; cannot 
be driven; are very determined, willful and decided, espe¬ 
cially where Firmness combines with other strong ele¬ 
ments. — Restrain . 

( 60 —FIRMNESS STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; are very firm and posi¬ 
tive. With strong Self Reliance and Courage are un¬ 
changeable; will undertake much and never give up; 
with strong affections may be influenced by loved ones; 
with a sensitive Temperament and strong Kindness 
often seem to yield when you do not; with strong rea¬ 
soning powers may be convinced by logic but are rather 
contentious in argument; with strong Conscience are 
unwavering in questions of right, are decided and per¬ 
sistent. — Restrain . 

(5.)-FIRMNESS GOOD 

Are quite firm, set and decided. With strong Courage 
and Conscience will stand firm by the right; with strong 





HUMAN NATURE. 


57 


Approbation and Friendship may yield to the persuasion 
of friends; with weak Continuity and the Vital Temper¬ 
ament will be vacillating and changeable. 

(4.)—FIRHNESS AVERAGE 

The manifestation of Firmness will depend much upon 
the influence and relative strength of the other powers, 
but upon the whole lack stability in resisting great 
temptations or in overcoming difficult obstacles.— Culti¬ 
vate. 

(30—(2.)—FIRMNESS HODERATE AND WEAK 

Are lacking in stability and will power; are irresolute, 
undecided, too changeable; lack perseverance; make lots 
of resolves that are never carried out; are too easily in¬ 
fluenced. With strong Conscience have great desire to 
do right but are unable to stand by convictions; with 
strong Reasoning Faculties may have good ideas but are 
too easily changed; with strong Secretiveness may evince 
a good degree of policy, but are apt to tell all under 
pressure; with moderate Conscience, strong appetites and 
feelings are unable to resist temptation.— Cultivate. 

(IO-FIRHNESS very weak 

Are totally wanting in stability and unreliable except 
through the influence of other powers.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE FIRHNESS 

Be careful to decide aright, that Conscience and judg¬ 
ment may sustain Firmness, then stand by the convic¬ 
tions; decide for self; have an opinion of your own and 
stick to it; do not be driven; be master of self; be sure 
that the resolves are worthy of the effort and when once 
made carry them out at whatever cost; undertake and 
surmount difficulties; argue and maintain the position 
for the strength it will give. 

TO RESTRAIN FIRMNESS 

Subject Firmness to reason and Conscience; remember 
that obstinacy is the sustainer of prejudice and often 
obstructs the truth; that wilfulness is selfishness, and 
that we often gain more by yielding a little than by per¬ 
sistent contention; avoid argument and opposition; be 
more susceptible to the influence of others. 




58 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


CONTINUITY—No. 17. 

(7.)—CONTINUITY VERY STRONG 

Have great power of concentration; can only do one 
thing at a time; are greatly annoyed by change; are 
tedious, constant and persistent; greatly prefer to be 
thorough in a few things than have a smattering of 
many; love monotony and the old way of doing.— Re¬ 
strain. 

(6.)—CONTINUITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; with strong energies are 
persistent in effort; with strong Conjugality are most 
faithful in love; with strong Intellectual Faculties are 
most constant as a student; with strong Firmness are 
annoyed by change, finish whatever is begun, and with 
strong Conscience added are very steadfast in charac¬ 
ter. — Restrain. 

(5.)—CONTINUITY GOOD 

Are inclined to do but one thing at a time; with the 
energies strong finish whatever is begun; have consider¬ 
able of application and continuity of action, especially 
with the stronger powers. 

(4.)—CONTINUITY AVERAGE 

Can concentrate the mind fairly well upon one thing and 
be quite constant or change readily from one thing to 
another; with an emotional Temperament prefer variety; 
are never tedious.— Cultivate. 

(3. —(2.)—CONTINUITY MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are inclined to change from one thing to another; dis¬ 
like monotony and seek endless variety; with strong 
energies may work hard but like a change; with strong 
affections are more ardent than constant. Are too apt to 
change from one line of business to another; prone to 
scatter the forces; with strong Intellectual Faculties may 
study hard by spells, but lack application and are apt to 
gain a smattering of many things instead of being thor¬ 
ough in a few; with the Intellectual Faculties moderate 
are not apt to be very studious, are changeable, notion- 




HUMAN NATURK. 


59 


ate, jump at conclusions and are controlled by impres¬ 
sions; all of the feelings and emotions are apt to be 
spasmodic and flashy in their actions.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—CONTINUITY VERY WEAK 
Are ever changing, with strong Activity are restless; 
variable; ever beginning but never finishing; a weather 
vane; none of the powers act long enough to be effec¬ 
tual. — Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CONTINUITY 

Strive to concentrate all the forces upon the one thing 
in hand; complete whatever is begun; never allow the 
thoughts to wander; compel constant application; be 
careful in making up the mind and then never change a 
plan once adopted. 

TO RESTRAIN CONTINUITY 

Seek variety and change; take on a number of different 
kinds of work at the same time; avoid continued stories; 
break up monotony; move things about and strive to 
improve on the old way. 

IV.-The Semi=Intellectual 
Sentiments. 



CONSTRUCTIVENESS—No. 18. 


(7.)—CONSTRUCTIVENESS VERY STRONG 

Are extremely fond of making things;have great natural 
mechanical ingenuity; want to take everything to peices 
to study its mechanism; are always contriving and con¬ 
structing plans of some form; see 6.— Restrain. 

(6.)—CONSTRUCTIVENESS STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree; delight in building, con¬ 
structing and inventing; withstrong Perceptive Faculties, 
Ideality and fine Organic Quality may excel as an artist 
or mechanic, with the Reasoning Faculties added excel 












6o 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


jx invention; with literary tendencies will excel in the 
construction of legal documents, essays, sentences and 
poetic verse; with Ideality moderate and a strong Tem¬ 
perament have great natural ability for civil engineering, 
and can master anything mechanical from the simplest 
to the most complex. 

(5.)—CONSTRUCTIVENESS GOOD. 

Are much interested in the construction and mechanism 
of things; with the other powers strong are good in plan¬ 
ning and with practice would become skillful in the use 
of tools. 

(4.)—CONSTRUCTIVENESS AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less in degree; the manifestation of this 
power will depend much upon its training and combina¬ 
tions.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—CONSTRUCTIVENESS MODERATE AND WEAK 

Are quite deficient in mechanical skill; have difficulty in 
arranging subject matter and the construction of plans; 
with moderate Perceptive Faculties are awkward in the 
use of tools, drawing, or in doing anything of a mecha¬ 
nical nature; with strong Reasoning Faculties and Ideal¬ 
ity may have much creative fancy but are unable to 
work things out in detail and are therefore unpracti¬ 
cal.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—CONSTRUCTIVENESS VERY WEAK 

Neither have the inclination nor the ability to construct 
anything.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CONSTRUCTIVENESS 
Construct something; do mc:;:anical drawing; write and 
study the construction of sentences; use tools; strive 
to make and build; get up business plans; always have 
a plan for everything; observe closely the construction 
of everything, machinery, clothing, sentences, and strive 
to discern the advantages of perfect construction. 

TO RESTRAIN CONSTRUCTIVENESS 
Is seldom necessary; wisely direct the sentiment that 
valuable time may not be wasted on perpetual motion, 




HUMAN NATURE. 


6l 


the making of needless articles; exercise the other 
powers and let all questionable inventions alone 0 


IDEALITY—No. 19. 

(7.)—IDEALITY VERY STRONG 
Are extremely fond of the ideal, the beautiful and the 
perfect; have exquisite tastes, lively imagination and 
poetic sentiment; love elegance in manner, and want 
beauty and harmony everywhere; are naturally artistic 
and give a delicate finish and touch of perfection to 
every act, word, thought and feeling; are constantly dis¬ 
appointed by the stern realities of life.— Restrain. 

(6.)—IDEALITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; love the beautiful and 
ideal in a very high degree; with fine Organic Quality 
are most graceful and polished in manner; with good 
Perceptive Faculties excel in art, with Language, mem¬ 
ory and Constructiveness added have much poetic 
genius and literary ability; with Time and Tune strong 
are capable of reaching the highest order of success in 
music; with strong Approbation are apt to be very fond 
of display; with strong Reasoning Faculties are very 
theoretical; with Spirituality and Veneration added 
have most vivid self-satisfying conceptions of a future 
state and its relations; with low Organic Quality appre¬ 
ciate beauty, harmony and perfection more than is man¬ 
ifested. 

(5.)—IDEALITY GOOD 

Have a good degree of taste and refinement; love the 
beautiful and artistic; where Ideality combines with 
strong faculties and sentiments will manifest much the 
same tendencies as described in 6 and 7. 

(4.)—IDEALITY AVERAGE 

Appreciate the beautiful, but are not inclined to sacri¬ 
fice the substantial; live more in the real than the ideal; 







62 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


make and want things pretty for stout rather than pretty 
for handsome.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—IDEALITY MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are too plain, direct and unpolished and too mechanical 
and unfinished in manner; greatly prefer the substantial; 
are lacking in appreciation of poetry, beauty and har¬ 
mony. With .strong Approbation may try to be polite 
but are awkward in the attempt; with strong Reasoning 
Faculties may be deep and logical but are wanting in 
beauty of expression; with strong Kindness may be most 
tender and sympathetic, yet are apt to express it harshly; 
with the Moral Sentiments weak and the propensities 
strong are apt to be harsh and crude in manner, thought 
and feeling.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—IDEALITY very weak 

Are almost totally wanting in the love of and apprecia¬ 
tion for the beautiful.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE IDEALITY 

Eliminate from the life everything that is low, vulgar or 
degraded; avoid all places of amusement or environments 
that are coarse or crude; be cleanly, neat and tidy in 
dress and appearance, refined and polite in manner; cul¬ 
tivate flowers; study the beautiful and strive in all ways 
to appreciate harmony; create ideals; perfect the lan¬ 
guage and see how much beauty, poetry and harmony 
can be found in nature and let this beauty be reflected 
in the life. 

TO RESTRAIN IDEALITY 

Avoid castle building; be less fastidious, poetic and or¬ 
namental and more real and substantial; strive to con¬ 
form to the environments and patiently endure the 
sterner realities of life. 


SUBLIMITY—No. 20. 

(7.'i—SUBLiniTY VERY STRONG 

Are extremely fond of the boundless, stupendous, mag- 
nificient, majestic, the grandure of mountain scenery, 





HUMAN NATURE. 


63 


the roar of the cataract, the flash of lightning, the threat¬ 
ening of the clouds, the vastness of the ocean and the 
wonders of the universe; are prone to see things too 
large; want everything extensive; are annoyed by what¬ 
ever is .small, narrow and close; see 6.— Restrain. 

(6.)—SUBLIMITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; with strong energies and 
Constructiveness like to build on a large scale, tunnel 
the mountains or carry out extensive contracts; with 
strong Social Feelings can not bear to have loved ones 
narrow minded or engage in a penny business; with 
strong Aquisitiveness want to do business on a large scale, 
with strong Approbation added want to accumulate a 
big fortune; with strong Perceptive Faculties take broad, 
comprehensive views, with Ideality added have wonder¬ 
ful imaginative powers; with strong Moral Sentiments 
have a broad conception of God, but if Spirituality be 
weak will feel much more of the sense of veneration in 
the presence of some majestic work of nature than in the 
prayer meeting. 

(5.)—SUBLIMITY GOOD 

Are fond of the sublime, grand, stupendous and awful; 
will manifest qualities like those described in 6 where 
Sublimity combines with stronger elements of the mind, 
but it will be more like those described in 4 and 3 when 
combined with weak ones. 

(4.)—SUBLiniTY AVERAGE 

Are some, but not especially, fond of the sublime and 
the wonderful; like to see work done on a large scale, 
and with a good intellect may take a comprehensive 
view of subjects, but Sublimity is controlled by other 
powers.— Cultivate. 

^ ( 3 .)__( 2 .)_SUBLIMITY flODERATE AND WEAK 

Are somewhat deficient in the conceptions of the sublime, 
the infinite and the illimitable; fail to appreciate the 
vastness of things or the extent of influence. With 
moderate intellect are inclined to take narrow views of 
subjects; with moderate Moral Sentiments are limited in 



6 4 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


sympathy and conceptions of God and the wonders of 
His works; the imagination lacks the wings with which 
to rise and Language is crippled for the want of expan¬ 
sive metaphors.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—SUBLiniTY VERY WEAK 

Have very little conception of the sublime.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE SUBLIMITY 

Strive to admire the grand and stupendous, the vastness 
of the ocean and the wonders of nature; contemplate 
extensive plans; take broad, comprehensive views; lib¬ 
erate the imagination to loftier heights; expand the 
sympathies to encompass the sea of humanity; contem¬ 
plate the wonders of heaven and the majesty of God. 

TO RESTRAIN SUBLIMITY 

Contemplate the sublime and the awful less; avoid ex¬ 
aggeration; remember that a clear statement is better 
than bombastic metaphor; keep Sublimity down to the 
realities of earth, or the facts in the case. 


IMITATION—No. 21. 


(7.)—iniTATION VERY STRONG 

Have remarkable powers of imitation; can copy, pattern 
after, mimic, personate, with wonderful ease and per¬ 
fection; every feeling and sentiment seems to reflect 
whatever is thrown upon it; are so imitative as to be 
inclined to be simply the counterpart of the environ¬ 
ments; are a perfect mimic; see 6.— Restrain. 

(6.)—IHITATION STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; have a wonderful faculty 
and ability to copy and imitate from others. With 
strong Mirthfulness and the Motive Temperament are a 
perfect mimic; with the propensities strong will imitate 
animals; with Human Nature strong will personate 
character; with good Language learn languages very 
easily; with strong Tune imitate tones of voice or music 
from having heard them once; with strong Perceptive 
Faculties and Constructiveness can make anything after 














HUMAN NATURK. 


6 5 


a pattern, with. Ideality added can succeed as an artist. 
(5.)—IfllTATION GOOD 

Are quite successful in imitating where this sentiment 
combines with stronger faculties. 

(4.)—IMITATION AVERAGE 

With strong Constructiveness may work well after a 
pattern; with strong Mirthfulness mimic quite well; 
with artistic powers good copy fairly well; are not espe¬ 
cially gifted in imitating anything; with good intellec¬ 
tual powers are more original than imitative.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—IHITATION nODERATE AND WEAK 
Have little ability or inclination to copy, imitate, mimic 
or pattern after; with strong Self Reliance and Firmness 
are distinctive and eccentric in character; non-conforma- 
tive in manner; are substantially like self; find it diffi¬ 
cult to learn by imitation; with fine mechanical powers 
may work well after personal plans; as a writer or 
a speaker would be original and odd in style.— Cultivate. 
(i.)—IHITATION VERY WEAK 

Are almost incapable of imitating or copying; experi¬ 
ence great difficulty in reproducing tones, manners or 
patterns.— Cultivate . 

TO CULTIVATE IMITATION ' 

Strive to imitate the voice, manners, expressions, ges¬ 
tures and styles of others; copy; work after patterns; re¬ 
produce with all the perfection possible former thoughts, 
feelings and actions as well as those of others; think of 
the expressions that certain feelings would give, then 
give them. 

TO RESTRAIN IMITATION 

Retain your own individual personality; avoid pattern¬ 
ing and copying after anyone. 


MJRTHFULNE 5 S—No. 22. 


( 7 .)—MIRTHFULNESS VERY SRONG 

Are extremely fond of the ludicrous; are always laugh' 





66 


descriptive: chart of 


ing and making others laugh; are naturally witty, jolly 
and fun-loving ; see 6.— Restrain. 

(6.)—MIRTHFULNESS STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; with strong energies take 
great delight in frolicsome sports; with strong Social 
Feelings are always joking and jesting and getting a 
laugh on a friend; with strong intellectual powers say 
very witty things; with good memory retain every comic 
joke and witticism heard or read; with strong Moral 
Sentiments believe in a mirthful Christianity and a 
laughing faith. 

(5.)—fllRTHFULNESS GOOD. 

Are fond of mirth, enjoy a good joke, and where 
mirth combines with stronger elements are quite witty 
and can fully appreciate the ludicrous. 

(4.)—MIRTHFULNESS AVERAGE 
Rather inclined to be serious; appreciate wit and humor 
when others produce it; may by Constructiveness and the 
intellectual powers originate witty sayings and retain 
those heard, but are not naturally witty.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)~niRTHFULNESS MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are serious, sedate, sober-minded and have little appre¬ 
ciation for wit or humor; with strong Self Reliance, 
Firmness and Secretiveness are dignified, stiff and seem 
afraid to smile for fear of cracking the face; fail to 
appreciate a joke and never see the funny side of any¬ 
thing.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—MIRTHFULNESS VERY WEAK 
Are never mirthful, seldom laugh and are altogether too 
serious.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE MIRTHFULNESS 
Laugh at whatever is laughable; strive to appreciate the 
witty and mirthful; read books of humor; attend enter¬ 
tainments of a mirthful character; dispel every feeling 
of gloom; laugh and the world will laugh with you. 

TO RESTRAIN fllRTHFULNESS 
Subject mirth to intellect and the sense of propriety 



HUMAN NATURE. 


6 7 


that it may only have proper expression and by all 
means avoid poisoning the arrow of repartee with the 
gall of satire. 

AGREEABLENESS—No. 23. 


(7.)—AGREEABLENESS VERY STRONG 

Are extremely winning, bland and agreeable; always 
wear a pleasant smile; say the most disagreeable things 
in a pleasing manner; are polite and courteous to all, and 
may even be false to the feelings by seeming to be very 
happy or pleased when not— Restrain. 

(6.)—AGREEABLENESS STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree; with strong Approbation 
and moderate Conscience will do anything to please; with 
strong Kindness and strong Secretiveness may be suffer¬ 
ing the most excruciating physical or mental pain and 
yet will play the part of the agreeable; with strong 
Friendship and Mirthfulness delight in making every¬ 
body happy. 

(5.)—AGREEABLENESS GOQD 

Are bland and persuasive 211 manner; with fine Organic 
Quality and strong Ideality are polite and highly agree¬ 
able, but with the base of the brain, heavy and a coarse 
organization may at times be blunt and abrupt. 

(4.)—AGREEABLENESS AVERAGE 
Are like 5 only less in degree; the manifestations of 
Agreeableness depend upon other powers.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—(2.)—AGREEABLEMESS MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are somewhat deficient in urbanity; with a very fine 
Temperament and strong Approbation ihay be polite but 
ordinarily are abrupt in speech and unpolished in man¬ 
ner; say even pleasant things in an unpleasant way; and 
with the propensities strong and the Moral Semtiments 
moderate are crabbed, fault finding, short, snappish and 
in every way decidedly disagreeable.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—AGREEABLENESS VERY WEAK 
Manifest very little of this power.— Cultivate . 






68 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


TO CULTIVATE AGREEABLENESS 

Always play the part of the agreeable; feel as pleasant 
as possible and the agreeable feeling will become stronger; 
be pleasing and polite in manner; never be guilty of 
finding fault; see how many pleasant things you can say 
and smiles you can give each day. 

TO RESTRAIN AGREEABLENESS 
Be honest in feeling and action and there is no danger 
of being too agreeable. 


HLT 1 AN NATURE—No. 24. 


(7.)—HUMAN NATURE VERY STRONG 

Are wonderfully correct in intuitions of character; under¬ 
stand the conditions of others at once; instinctively know 
who and who not to trust; are extremely fond of the 
study of human nature; are a natural physiognomist; 
see 6. 

(6.)—HUriAN NATURE STRONG 
Are like 7 only less in degree; with strong Individuality 
and Comparison intuitively scan and observe the peculiar¬ 
ities of every one; with strong Agreeableness and 
Approbation come at once in harmony with another’s na¬ 
ture, and quickly establish a close sympathy; with strong 
Acquisitiveness are intuitive in business; with strong 
Moral Sentiments know instinctively who and who not 
to trust. 

(5.)—HUHAN NATURE GOOD 

Are quite intuitive of character and can usually follow 
first impressions with safety; with strong Perceptive 
Faculties and Comparison may become an excellent 
student of human nature; will see the faults and virtues 
in others according to the glasses through which you 
look. 

(4.)—HUMAN NATURE AVERAGE 

Have some ability for reading character and where intui¬ 
tion combines with strong elements it will be quite a 
safe guide, but not always reliable.— Cultivate. 






HUMAN NATURE. 


69 


(3.)—(2.)—HUHAN nature moderate and weak 

Are somewhat deficient in intuition of character; seem 
unable to form correct conclusions, or discern the mo¬ 
tives, feelings and desires of others; fail to come in har¬ 
mony and close sympathy with all save those that are 
peculiarly like yourself; must have tangible evidence or 
can not form conclusions; are easily deceived by others 
from having to judge by appearances; with strong 
observing powers and good memory may learn to know 
people by observation and reflection but cannot safely 
trust first impressions; would stand a poor show in the 
game of chance.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—HUMAN NATURE VERY WEAK 
Are almost void of intuitive impressions.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE HUMAN NATURE 
Make a constant, careful study of character; strive to 
understand the feelings, sentiments and desires of every¬ 
one you meet; throw self in sympathy with other na¬ 
tures; note first impressions then watch future develop¬ 
ments to note their correctness; cultivate all of the 
higher powers, that the mind may become more sensi¬ 
tive to the magnetic vibrations of others. 

TO RESTRAIN HUITAN NATURE 
It is seldom necessary to restrain this sentiment except 
when it acts through a perverted nature and makes one 
too suspicious of evil, or where it combines with the 
observing powers to produce the impudent stare. 


V. -PERCKPTIVE FACULTIES 

INDIVIDUALITY—No. 35. 


(7.)— INDIVIDUALITY very strong 

Are an extremely close observer; notice everything in de¬ 
tail; individualize everything—tones, odors, tastes, 







70 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


thoughts and feelings, as well as material things that 
can be seen by; the eye; do not like anything mixed; 
want every line in a picture brought out distinct; observe 
too much to have time to think; see 6.— Restrain. 

(6.)—INDIVIDUALITY strong 

Are like 7 only less in degree; notice everything in de¬ 
tail; with strong Human Nature and Comparison observe 
everything that people say or do; are a careful student of 
character. With strong Conscience are quick to discern 
the lines of right from those of wrong; with strong Or¬ 
der and Ideality are quick to see anything that is mis¬ 
placed; with strong Time and Tune, are quick to discern 
distinctiveness of tones. 

(5.)—INDIVIDUALITY GOOD 

With an active Temperament are quick to notice the in¬ 
dividuality of things and where this faculty combines 
with other strong ones are quite a close observer and in¬ 
clined to notice everything in particular. 

_ (4.)— INDIVIDUALITY AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less in degree.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)— INDIVIDUALITY HODERATE AND WEAK 
Are somewhat deficient in observing power; see things 
in general rather than in particular; are apt to be indefin¬ 
ite in construction, to blend and mix thoughts and sen¬ 
timents; lack distinctiveness of conceptions. With strong 
Order will observe things that are out of place; with 
strong Color will notice hues; with strong Form and 
Weight may notice whatever is out of true and plumb, 
but will only take cognizance of individual things as this 
faculty is prompted by stronger ones.— Cultivate . 

(1.)—INDIVIDUALITY VERY WEAK 
Only notice things in general.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE INDIVIDUALITY 
Study and observe everything in detail; classify and 
arrange, thoughts and conceptions of things so that 
everything may have its distinctive individuality in the 
mind; especially study the primary elements of mind 
and learn to recognize them as such; notice the peculiar- 



HUMAN NATURK. 


7 1 


ities of people and whatever comes under the observa¬ 
tion; after having glanced down the street or into a 
room see how many things you can recall that the eye 
has covered. 

TO RESTRAIN INDIVIDUALITY 

Observe and individualize less, think and generalize 
more. 


FORM—No. 26. 


(7.)—FORH VERY STRONG 

Are an extremely close observer of forms, outlines and 
configurations; must get everything into some shape; 
have remarkable memory of faces; see differences where 
most people would declare that things were exactly 
alike; are inclined to reduce even the most abstract 
thoughts to imagery; never forget the shape of any¬ 
thing; see 6. 

(6.)—FORM STRONG 

Have a remarkable memory of faces and forms. With 
strong Constructiveness remember the shape of every 
piece in a machine; with strong Ideality and Imitation 
copy perfectly; with Weight can excel in penmanship 
and drawing; seem able to photograph everything in the 
mind and hold it for future use; with strong Locality will 
see the form and location of everything that impressed 
the mind in early life as perfectly as though it were yes¬ 
terday; with active imagination and disordered nerves 
see everything in dreams and are often horrified by 

frightful images. & 

(5.)—FORM GOOD 

Are quite accurate in estimating and forming concep¬ 
tions of forms; have a good memory of faces, and with 
strong Individuality notice the peculiarities of every¬ 
thing. 

( 40 —FORH AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less in degree; can remember forms well 
but are not remarkable for the conception of outlines, 





72 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OK 


nor able to copy, reproduce or remember perfectly de¬ 
tails in forms.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(a.)—FORft nODERATE AND WEAK 
Fail to get a clear conception of the configurations of 
things; often forget faces; as mechanics find it difficult 
to make two things alike by the eye; cannot succeed 
well in free-hand drawing. With strong Individuality 
see things without taking cognizance of their peculiar¬ 
ities; with strong Locality remember places much better 
than faces; with moderate Ideality and Imitation find it 
almost impossible to write an even hand, and fail where- 
ever the forms of things must be considered.— Cultivate. 

(,.)—FORM VERY WEAK 

Are almost incapable of recognizing destinctness of 
forms.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE FORM 

Observe in detail the outline, form, shape, construction 
and distinguishing features of everything and make a 
practice of recalling to the mind these outlines; make a 
study of the natural sciences, especially study human 
nature; observe the peculiar form and outlines of every 
face closely, that each feature may become destinctively 
fixed in the mind; mechanical work, especially turning 
and getting out curves, sketching, outlining and repro¬ 
ducing the forms of mental images will greatly strength¬ 
en this faculty. 

SIZE—No. 27. 


(7.)—SIZE VERY STRONG 

Are extraordinarily accurate in estimating the size or di¬ 
mensions of things; can tell at a glance how high, wide 
or long a thing is; detect at once any departure from 
perfect proportion; notice immediately the texture, firm¬ 
ness, coarseness, quality, etc., of materials, goods or what¬ 
ever may be estimated by the eye or touch. 

(.6.)—SIZE STRONG 

Excel in measuring dimensions by the eye; with strong 





HUMAN NATURE). 


73 


weight can judge perfectly of the weight of things by 
their bulk; with strong Individuality see everything 
that is out of proportion; with strong Constructiveness 
can do fine work without the aid of the square or line; 
with strong Acquisitiveness are quick to see the lion’s 
share; with strong Appetite can see the largest piece of 
pie on the plate. 

( 50 —■SIZE GOOD 

Are like 6 only less in degree; measure quite accurately 
by the eye or by touch and with proper training may 
excel. 

(4.)—SIZE AVERAGE 

Judge bulk and distance in a general way but cannot 
depend upon the eye for close measurements.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —(a.)—SIZE MODERATE AND WEAK 

Are somewhat deficient in the power to estimate size; 
cannot depend upon judgment where bulk, quantity or 
distance are to be considered; if the other Perceptive 
Faculties are strong may observe forms and colors well 
but cannot estimate dimensions; find it necessary to 
weigh and measure everything and are really awkward 
in the use of tools and sometimes in the step from not 
being able to estimate distance.— Cultivate. 

(I.)— SIZE VERY WEAK 

Are almost incapable of estimating distance, size or di¬ 
mension .— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE SIZE 

Observe closely the relative size, proportion and dimen¬ 
sion of everything; estimate with the eye and then use 
the line, square or compass to justify the judgment; 
form an estimate of how many paces it is to a given 
point when walking, then count to see how near you are 
right; if handling goods practice estimating the bulk by 
the eye before weighing, and by constant measurement 
and closely comparing dimensions the faculty of Size 
will be strengthened. 




74 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


WEIGHT-No 28. 


(7.)—WEIGHT VERY STRONG 

Have a remarkably accurate perception of the laws of 
gravity; always keep the balance perfectly; can tell al¬ 
most at a glance what any commodity you are accustomed 
to handling will weigh; show remarkable skill in balanc¬ 
ing; are sure-footed; can plumb anything perfectly by 
the eye and are annoyed by any unnatural poise. 

(6.)—WEIICHT STRONG 

Are like 7 only less in degree; have remarkable balanc¬ 
ing power. With strong Constructiveness excel in esti¬ 
mating weights and strength; with strong Size and 
Form can excel as a marksman; with weak Caution and 
strong Approbation enjoy doing venturesome feats, 
climbing and walking in dangerous places; with strong 
Ideality show great taste in decoration. 

( 50 —WEIGHT GOOD 

Have good but not remarkable perception of the laws of 
gravity; if the other Perceptive Faculties and Compari¬ 
son are strong can excel in estimating weights, plumb¬ 
ing and balancing. 

(4.)—WEIGHT AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less so; when combined with strong fac¬ 
ulties with practice may excel in determining weights 
and balancing.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—WEIGHT MODERATE AND WEAK 
Find it extremely difficult to keep the balance in riding, 
skating or walking on a narrow path; are easily made 
dizzy by rocking or swinging; are not very sure footed 
aud with strong Caution are afraid to walk over any 
place where there is a chance to fall; find it difficult to 
plumb with the eye or tell when a thing is true and are 
naturally poor in estimating the weight of things.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(,.)—WEIGHT VERY WEAK 

Have very poor control over the muscles and reel in 




HUMAN NATURE. 


75 


walking; are unable to balance anything or keep the 
equilibrium.— Cultivate . 

TO CULTIVATE WEIGHT 

Make a practice of balancing, plumbing, hurling, skat¬ 
ing or anything that requires a perception of the laws of 
gravity; estimate the weights of things in the hand and 
correct the judgment by the use of the scales; plumb 
with the eye, then use the line to prove its accurateness; 
observe the poise cf everything and strive to maintain a 
perfect equilibrium of the body without undue oscilla¬ 
tion in walking. 

TO RESTRAIN WEIGHT 

Is seldom necessary except when combined with weak 
Caution, when the judgment should prevent Weight 
from taking undue risks in climbing or walking at 
dangerous heights. 


COLOR—No. 29. 


(7.)—COLOR VERY STRONG 

Have wonderful natural taste and talent in the percep¬ 
tion of colors; can distinguish hundreds of tints and 
shades; carry the memory of colors in the mind and can 
match or reproduce them long afterwards; are passion¬ 
ately fond of colors and are delighted with the variegated 
foliage of the forest or the delicate tints in the flower. 

(6.)—COLOR STRONG x, 

Are like 7 only less in degree; are extremely fond of 
colors; with fine Organic Quality, strong Ideality, Imi¬ 
tation, Form and Size have great natural taste and 
talent for painting, coloring or decorating; as a writer or 
speaker will wreath colors into bouquets of beautiful 
metaphors; with strong Inliabitiveness will have the 
yards and house filled with flowers and ornamental 
shrubs. 

(5.)—COLOR GOOD 

Appreciate colors in a high degree and if the other Per¬ 
ceptive Faculties and Ideality are strong show much 





7 6 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


skill and taste in tlieir selection and arrangement. 

(4.)—COLOR AVERAGE 

Have only a fair conception and memory of colors; can 
easily distinguish the primary colors but can not excel 
in blending.— Cultivate. 

(30—(2.)—COLOR nODERATE AND WEAK 
Are naturally deficient in the power to discriminate 
colors; with strong Ideality, Form and Size greatly pre¬ 
fer crayon work to painting, and plain gray to “the coat 
of many colors” ; have great difficulty in matching colors 
perfectly and can not work where delicate shades have 
to be considered.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—COLOR VERY WEAK. 

Can barely tell the primary colors and are unable to dis¬ 
tinguish shades and can never remember the colors of 
the hair, eyes or dress of those met.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE COLOR 

Carefully observe every tint and shade; practice match¬ 
ing, mixing and blending; observe closely the effects of 
one tint upon another and strive to appreciate the 
beauty of their harmonious blendings. 


ORDER—No. 30. 

(7.)—ORDER VERY STRONG 

Are extremely orderly and systematic; must have every¬ 
thing just so; always begin in the same way and pro¬ 
ceed in the same order; have a place for everything and 
are apt to overdo and make a slave of self in trying to 
satisfy the demands of Order; are greatly annoyed by 
seeing things out of place.— Restrain. 

6.)—ORDER STRONG 

Are like 7 only less so; witn fine Organic Quality and 
Ideality are fastidiously particular about having every¬ 
thing in order; with strong Approbation and Acquisitive¬ 
ness are extremely careful of the clothing and will keep 
them neat until worn out; with strong Time will have a 




HUMAN NATURE. 


77 


time for everything and insist on having everything 
done at the proper time; with Comparison and the other 
literary facilities strong, will have every paragraph, 
period and sentence in its proper place. 

(5.)—ORDER GOOD 

Are quite orderly and systematic in everything done, 
though may be influenced by stronger faculties. 

( 40 —ORDER AVERAGE 

Prefer to have things orderly and systematically arranged 
but are much influenced by the stronger elements of the 
mind; with strong energies will be orderly by spells and 
do things at the most convenient time.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —( 20 —ORDER MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are somewhat deficient in order and system; work with¬ 
out a fixed plan; place things where it is most conveni¬ 
ent and keep them in such chaos as to make it difficult 
to find what is wanted. With moderate Acquisitiveness 
will be careless and allow much to go to waste; with 
moderate Continuity and Eventuality leave everything 
where it is used and never know where to find it; are 
quite as apt to begin at the wrong as the right place, and 
have everything so mixed as to be decidedly unpracti¬ 
cal.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—ORDER VERY WEAK 

Are decidedly disorderly; have no method in anything 
and always work at a disadvantage.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE ORDER 

Systematically arrange everything; have one way of 
doing and do everything in its established order and 
time; arrange things in their most appropriate places 
and then keep everything in its place. 

TO RESTRAIN ORDER 

Do not be so systematic and methodical as to be imprac¬ 
ticable; remember that other faculties should be grati¬ 
fied as well as Order; especially avoid fretting and work¬ 
ing beyond the strength simply to keep things in place. 



78 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OK 


CALCULATION—No. 31. 


(7.)—CALCULATION VERY STRONG 

Are extremely accurate in counting and calculating; 
compute numbers as if by instinct; are a natural statisti¬ 
cian and delight in figures, accounts and mathematical 
problems. 

(6.)—CALCULATION STRONG 

Are very fond of mathematics; with strong Casuality 
enjoy complex problems; with good Eventuality and an 
active Temperament possess wonderful power for reck¬ 
oning figures, casting accounts and are a “lightning cal¬ 
culator.” 

(50- CALCULATION GOOD 

Have good natural ability for counting and calculating; 
readily comprehend the relation of numbers and with a 
favorable combination may excel in mathematics. 

(4.)—CALCULATION AVERAGE 
Are like 5 only less in degree; with strong Causality, 
Eventuality and assiduous training may do well in 
arithmetic, but with Causality weak are poor in mathe¬ 
matics .— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)— 1 CALCULATION MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are very limited in the power to comprehend the rela¬ 
tion of numbers; find arithmetic a most difficult study 
and mathematics a puzzle; are not good in statistics and 
often make mistakes in the simplest calculations; are 
dull in figures and dislike statistics; with strong Time 
may remember dates and with good Eventuality may 
memorize a few practical rules but lack the calculation 
requisite for the highest order of success in business and 
will often make mistakes in accounts.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—CALCULATION VERY WEAK 
Can barely count and have no conception of the relation 
of numbers.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CALCULATION 
Count, calculate, add, subtract, estimate, practice reck¬ 
oning in the head; try to solve difficult problems; study 
the relations of numbers. 





HUMAN NATURE. 


79 


LOCALITY—No. 32 . 


(7.)—LOCALITY VERY STRONG 
Have a remarkable perception and memory of locations; 
keep the absolute and relative position of things perfectly 
in the mind; have an insatiable longing to travel; enjoy 
reading books of travel; are not easily turned round.— Re¬ 
strain. 

(6.)—LOCALITY STRONG 

Have a splendid memory of place and with strong Order 
will have a place for everything; will be able to tell 
which side of the leaf and in what part of the book any¬ 
thing that is read is located; will insist on telling where 
a thing occurred; excel in the study of geography; with 
strong Constructiveness remember the relative position 
of every stick of timber in a building or every piece of a 
machine; are naturally fond of travel. 

& (5.)—LOCALITY GOOD 

Have a good memory of places and can generally find the 
way without difficulty; are fond of travel, but with strong 
Inhabitiveness prefer to remain in one place. 

(4.)—LOCALITY AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less in degree; with the observing powers 
moderate are apt to get turned around or lost; remember 
the location of things fairly well only.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—LOCALITY HODERATE AND WEAK 
Find it quite difficult to remember places; are easily 
turned round; often lose the direction; with moderate 
Eventuality are always forgetting where they place 
things, can not remember where they read a thing; pre¬ 
fer home to travel; dislike the study of geography; find 
it extremely difficult to remember the relation of one 
place to another.— Cultivate. % 

(1.)—LOCALITY VERY WEAK 

Can scarcely remember the location of the most familiar 

obj ects.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE LOCALITY 

Observe closely the absolute and relative position of every- 





8 o 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


tiling; make a careful study of geographical locations, 
then strive to recall the direction of one place from an¬ 
other; have a place for everything and learn to associate 
the place with the thing; travel and see places. 

TO RESTRAIN LOCALITY 

Subject Locality to reason and business interests that the 
roving disposition that it gives, may not prove detrimen¬ 
tal to other interests. 


EVENTUALITY—No. 33. 

(7.)—EVENTUALITY VERY STRONG 

Have a remarkably retentive memory of facts, circum¬ 
stances, news, occurrences and passing events; are a 
natural historian; possess wonderful power for recalling 
whatever has once been known; are utterly miserable if 
you caunot get the news and passing events. 

(6.)—EVENTUALITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less so; are a natural fact-gatherer; re¬ 
call with great accuracy whatever has once been known; 
with strong Language can talk incessantly; with strong 
Locality always remember where the thing occurred as 
well as what; with strong Causality remember causes 
and first principles; are fond of reading and acquiring 
knowledge. 

(5.)—EVENTUALITY GOOD 

Have a retentive memory of things, facts and general 
events and with proper exercise are able to recall what¬ 
ever has once been learned. 

(4.)—EVANTUALITY AVERAGE 
Have a fair memory but must assiduously cultivate it in 
order to cany an extensive fund of knowledge; experi¬ 
ence some difficulty in recalling facts and events .—CuU 
tivate. 

( 3 .) —(2.)—EVENTUALITY HODERATE AND WEAK 

Find it extremely difficult to memorize items and de¬ 
tails; are unable to recall many things that have been 
clearly fixed in the mind but will readily recognize them 







HUMAN NATURE. 


8 l 


when reproduced by others. With moderate Time and 
Calculation forget dates and statistics; with moderate 
Language are unable to commit and recite verbatum ; 
with moderate Acquisitiveness forget values; with mod¬ 
erate Conscience and Caution forget obligations.— Culti¬ 
vate . 

(i .)—eventuality very weak 

Are cdinost destitute of the power to recall.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE EVENTUALITY 
First see to it that the system is not clogged with a sur¬ 
plus of bile from the excessive use of fats, greases, 
sweets, etc., or that the nerves are not partially para¬ 
lyzed from strong tea, coffee or other narcotics and that 
the brain is thoroughly supplied with pure blood that 
has been thoroughly oxygenized by deep breathing; this 
will give a physical possibility for memory culture. Sec¬ 
ondly, read slowly, concentrate the mind upon what is 
being read; at the close of the chapter or period, think 
over and definitely fix in the mind the points that are to 
be remembered. The power to recall is governed largely 
by the definiteness and fixedness of the truth in the mind. 
Associate things that are difficult to remember with 
things that are easily recalled, that the one may suggest 
the other. Read and learn only such things as are of 
value, then make a practice of recalling and telling what 
has been read. Above all things avoid trashy literature, 
as nothing is more destructive to memory than the crowd¬ 
ing through the mind what is to be at once dismissed. 
Learn some new fact every day; tax the memory by 
committing and reciting. 


TIME—No. 34. 

( 7 .)—TIME VERY STRONG 

Are remarkably accurate in estimating time; cau awake 
at almost any desired minute; never forget when a thing 
occurred; keep time in walking or music as perfectly as 





82 


DESCRIPTIVE) CHART OE 


the swing of the pendulum; are greatly annoyed by any 
indefiniteness in time or dates. 

(6.)—TIME STRONG 

Are like 7 only less so; carry the time perfectly in the 
head; with strong Order must have a time for every¬ 
thing; with strong Eventuality never forget dates; with 
strong Appetite insist on having meals on time; with 
strong Ideality will move and do everything in perfect 
rhythm. 

(5.)—TIME GOOD 

Estimate time quite correctly in the head; can keep time 
in music, walking etc., and with strong Order want every¬ 
thing on time. 

(40— Tins AVERAGE 

Have a fair memory of dates, but require practice to give 
proficiency in keeping time and are not very accurate in 
estimating duration.— Cultivate. 

(30— (2.)—TIME MODERATE AND WEAK 
Have much diffiiculty in keeping perfect time; are unable 
to estimate duration with any practical degree of correct¬ 
ness; have a very indefinite memory x of when things oc¬ 
curred; with moderate Eventuality forget even the day 
of the week or month and .must have a watch and a cal¬ 
endar to keep even pace with the world.— Cultivate . 

(1.)—'TinE VERY WEAK 

Have very little conception of the duration of time.— 
Cultivate . 

TO CULTIVATE TIHE 

Have a time for everything; begin business, study, 
meals, rest, recreation and everything that makes up 
the routine of life at a given time and deviate as seldom 
as possible; practice beating time in music; keep step 
with others in walking; try to estimate time. 

TUNE—No. 35. 

(7.)—TUNE VERY STRONG 

Have most remarkable perception and memory of tones; 
are a musical genius; learn tunes by hearing them once; 



HUMAN NATURE. 


83 


can distinguish the slightest variation in tones and 
appreciate their most complex harmonies; are greatly 
annoyed by dischord. 

(6.)—TUNE STRONG 

Are passionately fond of music; have splendid percep¬ 
tion of harmony; with strong Ideality, Constructiveness 
and Time excel with instrumental music, with Imitation 
added excel in vocal music; with good Eventuality re¬ 
call any tune that has once been learned. 

(5.)—tune good 

Have a good ear for music and if the other musical fac¬ 
ulties are strong can by practice excel. 

„ (4.)—tune average 

Are like 5 only less so; distinguish tones quite readily; 
with practice succeed fairly well with simple harmonies 
but do not grasp or appreciate the more complex music, 
neither are the modulations of the voice very harmoni¬ 
ous; with strong Ideality enjoy much more than are 
able to produce.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—TUNE moderate and weak 
Are rather deficient in conception, memory and appre¬ 
ciation of tones; with the Perceptive Faculties, Ideality 
and Constructiveness strong may learn to play by note, 
but the effort will be quite mechanical; in singing will 
be unable to appreciate the finer modulations and are 
quite incapable of expressing the feelings in song.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(1.)—TUNE VERY WEAK 

Can scarcely distinguish one tone from another.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

TO CULTIVATE TUNE 

The cultivation of this faculty to be effectual should be¬ 
gin quite early in life; strive to distinguish variety and 
harmony of tones; practice vocal and instrumental music; 
note the difference in the voices of people; strive to 
appreciate the more complex harmonies; put feeling and 
soul into music. 

TO RESTRAIN TUNE 

Is seldom necessary, except where music usurps the 





DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


84 


time that should be given to other faculties. 


LANGUAGE—No. 36. 


(7.)—LANGUAGE VERY STRONG 

Have remarkable linguistic power; learn languages with 
great facility; are apt to be verbose and extravagant in 
the use of words; commit to memory and recite verbatum 
with but little effort; every gesture, look and motion is 
highly expressive.— Restrain . 

(6.)—LANGUAGE STRONG 

Have great natural ability for learning languages; are 
never lost for a word. With strong Executiveness can 
be most bitter and sarcastic; with strong Ideality and 
Sublimity are rich in metaphor; with Individuality, 
Comparison and high Organic Quality added have great 
natural power as an orator; with an emotional Tempera¬ 
ment become most ardent and pathetic as a speaker or 
writer; with the intellectual powers moderate talk 
incessantly and say but little. 

(5.)—LANGUAGE GOOD 

Have good powers of expression; usually speak directly; 
are a good conversationalist. With strong Caution and 
Approbation are careful in the selection of words, with 
strong Secretiveness added can be evasive; with practice 
may excel in public speaking or as a writer. 

(4.)—LANGUAGE AVERAGE 

Talk to the point; have considerable difficulty in learning 
foreign languages; with strong Eventuality have a fair 
verbal memory; will write better than speak; with strong 
Reasoning Faculties have excellent thoughts but are una¬ 
ble to fully express them.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(20—LANGUAGE moderate and weak 
Are not very expressive; with strong Secretiveness are 
perfectly non-committal and almost non-communicative; 
with the literary faculties strong may do well as a writer 
but not as a speaker; have great difficulty in committing 
to memory.— Cultivate. 







HUMAN NATURE. 


85 


(i.)—LANGUAGE VERY WEAK 

Express the thoughts with great difficulty; have a most 
limited vocabulary of words.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE LANGUAGE 

First train the mind to clear, definite thinking, a definite 
conception is a pre-requisite to clear expression, then 
practice talking and writing; take up various subjects 
in the mind and formulate a discourse upon them; scan 
the language carefully to see that it expresses precisely 
what is required, nothing less, nothing more; read aloud 
from good authors, with the dictionary at hand, master 
every word; carry a pocket Webster; learn one or two 
new words each day; take part in all public meetings. 

TO RESTRAIN LANGUAGE 

Think more and talk less; avoid superfluity; be willing 
to listen as well as talk. 


VI.-REAS0N1NG FACULTIES 


CAUSALITY—No. 37, 

(7.)—CAUSALITY VERY STRONG 

Are decidedly original; have wonderful perception of 
first principles; reason intuitively from cause to effect; 
are theoretical, logical and philosophical; can take 
broad, comprehensive views; must have a reason for 
everything; are naturally inquiring; see 6.— Restrain. 
(6.)—CAUSALITY STRONG 

Are like 7 only less so; are original in thought and logi¬ 
cal in conclusions. With strong Ideality and Construc- 
tiveuess have wonderful creative power; with strong 
Moral Sentiments are a moral philosopher; with strong 
Kindness and moderate Conscience are broad in the 
sympathies and a Universalist in belief; with strong 
mechanical powers a natural inventor; with strong pro¬ 
pensities are argumentative and political; with strong 






86 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


Language talk ideas; with moderate Eventuality and 
Perceptive Faculties are too theoretical to be practical 
and are often absent-minded and are prone to forget 
details. 

(5.)—CAUSALITY GOOD 

Have good reasoning power; readily adapt ways and 
means to secure desired ends; with the other intellectual 
faculties strong have excellent reasoning powers; are 
subject to the combinations given in 6 only in a less 
degree. 

( 40 —CAUSALITY average 

Can plan and reason fairly well where Causality works 
with stronger faculties but are not very original; know 
more by observation and reading than reflection; are 
better at executing than planning.— Cultivate. 

( 30 —( 20 —CAUSALITY MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are deficient in originality of thought; fail to see rela¬ 
tion between cause and effect except as pointed out by 
others. With strong Constructiveness and Imitation 
may work well after a pattern but are not good in plan¬ 
ning; with strong Perceptive Faculties are decidedly 
practical; with the literary faculties and Comparison 
strong may take an excellent education, become an 
encyclopedia of facts and write or speak with much pro¬ 
ficiency but can never be original; with the other intel¬ 
lectual faculties moderate are sadly deficient in judg¬ 
ment, the power to think or reason; are incapable of 
mastering the higher branches of study, especially in 
mathematics and philosophy.— Cultivate. 

. (i.)—CAUSAITY VERY WEAK 

Are totally wanting in originality and are incapable of 
reasoning beyond the most simple combinations.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CAUSALITY 

Think; put together what is known; study the relations 
between cause and effect; always ask “Why?” “How?”; 
never be contented to know that a thing is so, but find 
out why it is so and what produced it; plan, invent, 



HUMAN NATURE. 


87 


scheme; contrive new ways of doing things; study logic 
and mental philosophy; never look or consult authority 
for a thing that it is possible to learn by reflection. 

TO RESTRAIN CAUSALITY 

Simply avoid being too theoretical; remember that util¬ 
ity is the test of all plans, theories and philosophies. 


COMPARISON—No. 38. 


(7.)—COnPARISON VERY STRONG 

Are endowed with remarkable power of analyzing, com¬ 
paring; see everything double; everything in nature 
suggests its analogy; naturally fond of fables and allegor¬ 
ies; possess extraordinary capacity for discerning resem¬ 
blances and differences; make fine close distinctions and 
with strong Perceptive Faculties possess remarkable 
power for observing the distinctive characteristics of 
things— Restrain. 

(6.)—COMPARISON STRONG 

Are very accurate in comparing and analyzing. With 
strong Eventuality and Causality enjoy comparing the 
past with the present and studying the logic of events; 
with strong mechanical powers excel in comparing one 
thing with another; with the artistic powers added have 
great skill for copying; with high Organic Quality make 
fine discriminations; with strong business qualities are 
quick to discern differences and quickly put things to¬ 
gether. 

(5.)-COnPARISON GOOD 

Are good in deductive reasoning; readily discern differ¬ 
ences and resemblances and where this faculty combines 
with stronger ones readily excel in analyzing and com¬ 
paring. 

(4.)—COMPARISON AVERAGE 

Readily compare one thing with another; with strong 
Perceptive Faculties carry resemblances of things quite 
well in the mind; with strong literary faculties readily 
discern differences in style but cannot excel in compar- 





88 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


ing and where the other faculties are weak, are unable 
to make fine distinctions.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(3.)—COMPARISON MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are somewhat deficient in the ability to compare, ana¬ 
lyze, criticize, draw inferences, make deductions or trace 
resemblances. With strong Causality reason better 
from cause to effect than by analogy; with moderate 
Human Nature and Form often mistake one person for 
another; with moderate Language fail to state definitely 
what is desired; are unable to construct analogies or see 
the correspondence in things.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—COMPARISON VERY WEAK 
Are decidedly deficient in the ability to compare or 
analyze anything.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE COMPARISON 

Observe closely and strive to discern resemblances and 
differences; compare the peculiarities of one thing with 
those of another; put things together; carefully analyze 
evidence; draw inferences; study such authors as make 
fine discriminations and strive to appreciate these quali¬ 
ties; be definite and analytical in everything. 

TO RESTRAIN COMPARISON 

Avoid hair-splitting analysis, far-fetched deductions and 
especially avoid being too critical. 


Vll.-MORAL SENTIMENTS. 


-— - - ; 

CONSCIENCE—No. 39. 


(7.)—CONSCIENCE VERY STRONG 
Are extremely honest, upright and loyal to duty; have 
a high sense of honor and justice and are governed by 
moral principles; are very much afraid of doing wrong; 
suffer most intensely from remorse of conscience> Are 
prone to condemn self and place a very high standard of 
morality for self and others.— Restrain. 







HUMAN NATURE. 


89 


(6.)—CONSCIENCE STRONG 

Are like 7 only less; are very honest. With strong 
Veneration feel most penitent when conscious of having 
done wrong; with weak Kindness will be just before 
generous; want the letter of the law executed and have 
no patience with wrong doers; are very exact and exact¬ 
ing; with strong Caution are very much afraid of doing 
wrong; with strong intellect greally enjoy moral philoso¬ 
phy and the consideration of all subjects pertaining to 
public and private morals. 

(5.)—CONSCIENCE GOOD 

Naturally love the right and hate the wrong; have good 
intentions but may not always live up to them; with 
proper environments and propensities moderate will be 
honest and upright in all things, but with strong pro¬ 
pensities may yield to temptation. 

(4 .)—CONSCIENCE AVERAGE 

Appreciate the good, right and justice, but are not very 
exact or exacting; are governed more by the sense of 
approval or self-respect than the sense of justice; with 
strong propensities are apt to compromise with the Con¬ 
science and excuse self; should be very careful of habits 
and avoid temptation; may become very dishonest, espe¬ 
cially if Secretiveness is strong.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—CONSCIENCE ilODERATE AND WEAK 
Are not very much under the control of the sense of 
justice or right for right’s sake; may be honorable through 
a sense of pride or respectable through policy, but have 
very little regard for moral principles as such; with the 
other Moral Sentiments weak and the propensities 
strong are very selfish, unreliable, tricky and sadly 
wanting in moral principle.— Cultivate. 

(1.)—CONSCIENCE VERY WEAK 
Are almost destitute of conscience; experience no sense 
of remorse for having done wrong; are entirely con¬ 
trolled by other faculties.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE CONSCIENCE 

Always act from a matter of principle; strive to be just 



9 o 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OE 


in all things; never allow propensity to cause any devia¬ 
tion from the path of duty; be exact and exacting; defend 
justice everywhere and make moral law the rule of action. 
TO RESTRAIN CONSCIENCE 

Avoid unwarranted self-condemnation; be more lenient 
with wrong-doers; remember that there is a higher law 
even than the law of justice, the law of forgiveness; 
avoid needless accusal; condemn less and forgive more. 

HOPE—No. 40. 

(7.)—HOPE VERY STRONG 

Are extremely buoyant; have unbounded expectations 
of the future; enjoy the world of anticipation more than 
the world of realization; never have the blues; always 
see the bright, hopeful side of things; are fond of 
encouraging others; always look for a bright tomorrow; 
anticipate too much and are ever being disappointed.— Re¬ 
strain . 

(6.)—HOPE STRONG 

Are naturally hopeful and buoyant. With strong Aquisi- 
tiveness expect great business success; with strong Self 
Reliance and Approbation are hopeful of power and pub¬ 
licity; with strong energies know no such word as “Fail”; 
with strong spiritual sentiments, have unbounded anti¬ 
cipation and faith in eternal life. 

(5.)—HOPE GOOD 

Are like 6 only less in degree; will be decidedly hopeful 
and expectant in those things that call out the stronger 
faculties; anticipate enough of the future and are apt to 
realize about what is expected; with strong Caution will 
be economical rather than speculative. 

(4.)—HOPE AVERAGE 

Are inclined to take a very moderate view of the future; 
expect too little; are too easily discouraged; with strong 
Caution are never willing to take a risk; with disordered 
nerves or sluggish liver are apt to have seasons of dis¬ 
couragement and indulge in the blues.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—(2.)—HOPE HODERATE AND WEAK 
Are prone to see the dark side of things and to be too 





HUMAN NATURE. 


9 1 


easily discouraged; only half enjoy life’s pleasures because 
of being unable to appreciate the future. With strong 
energies and Self Reliance may accomplish much more 
than is expected; with strong Veneration, Conscience and 
Caution and moderate Spirituality have many doubts and 
fears of the future state. With disordered nerves suffer 
much from the blues, make mountains of mole-hills, see 
no bright prospect in the future and if no one encourages 
are prone to settle down into the shadows of discourage¬ 
ment.— Cultivate. 

(i.)—HOPE VERY WEAK 

Hope has hid her sunny face behind the thickening 
clouds; the future holds no bright prospect; expect alto¬ 
gether too little.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE HOPE 

Always take the sunny side of the street literally and 
figuratively speaking; look constantly on the bright 
side; remember that you are prone to discouragement; 
seek the society of the hopeful; make the best of what 
is; remember that along, solemncholy face is an outrage 
against the feelings of others; see that endless progress 
is the law of nature, then “hope on; hope ever.” 

TO RESTRAIN HOPE 

Subject Hope to reason and judgment; be judicious and 
careful in business; avoid building castles in the air; 
make the best of today rather than build too much on 
the morrow. 


SPIRITUALITY—No. 41. 

(7.)—SPIRITUALITY VERY STRONG 

Are extremely susceptible to spiritual impressions; feel 
the constant association of invisible spirits; take great 
interest and have great faith in spiritual phenomena; 
are highly susceptible to the influence of others; are in 
great danger of being misled by evil impressions, sup¬ 
posed prophesies, superstitions and religious fanaticism; 
are altogether too credulous, and very apt to be de¬ 
ceived.— Restrain . 





92 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


(6.)—SPIRITUALITY STRONG 

Have great spiritual insight and prophetic intuition. 
With strong Veneration are constantly guided by spirit¬ 
ual impressions and hold close communion with the 
spirit world; with strong Human Nature readily take on 
the conditions of others, feel intuitively their character, 
good or bad; with strong Vitativeness and Caution are 
often forewarned of personal danger; with strong intel¬ 
lectual faculties have a deep insight into truth and are 
highly original in the conceptions. 

(5.)—SPIRITUALITY GOOD 

Are quite susceptible to spiritual feelings; with strong 
Veneration may become devoutly religious; are suffi¬ 
ciently credulous, but if the Reasoning Faculties be 
strong will be unable to act upon the impressions unless 
they co-incide with reason. 

(4.)—SPIRITUALITY AVERAGE 

Are like 5 only less so; have some impressions but they 
are not always sufficiently distinct to be understood; if 
religious will be quite susceptible to religious influences, 
but with the Reasoning Faculties strong are inclined to 
bring everything to the line of reason, take nothing for 
granted, and are somewhat of a doubting Thomas.— Cul¬ 
tivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—SPIRITUALITY MODERATE AND WEAK 

Have very little light within, little or no faith in spirit¬ 
ual phenomena and no confidence in revelation or the 
supernatural; require proof for everything; are inclined 
to account for everything on a physical basis. With 
weak Veneration are an out and out materialist and may 
doubt the existence of God; have very little credulity 
and with moderate Conscience no faith in the integrity 
of man; have no confidence in the future, except what 
is based upon a logical conclusion.— Cultivate . 

(1.)—SPIRITUALITY VERY WEAK 
Are dead to spiritual impressions.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE SPIRITUALITY 
Throw the windows of the soul open towards heaven 
that the light may come in; contemplate the wondrous 



HUMAN NATURE. 


93 


mysteries of the invisible forms that fill the universe; 
try to feel impressions and yield to them that they may 
become stronger; throw self en rapport with other minds, 
especially those of a spiritual nature. 

TO RESTRAIN SPIRITUALITY 

Exercise the other elements more and this one less; 
avoid religious fanaticisms; live more in the real, terres- 
tial and tangible and less in the spiritual realm; require 
a proof for everything; remember that all human nature 
is weak and therefore not to be trusted; place no confi¬ 
dence in what cannot be proven; resist all impressions 
from other minds and be extremely discreet in the selec¬ 
tion of friends and do not trust them to a point where 
they could injure you if they became enemies. 

VENERATION—No. 42. 

(7.)—VENERATION VERY STRONG 
Are extremely devout and reverential; are fervent in 
prayer and devotional; feel like constantly praising God 
for His goodness and mercy; show unbounded respect for 
old age and superiors and are devoutedly attached to 
time-honored forms, ceremonies, sacred institutions, 
customs and relics.— Restrain. 

(6.)—VENERATION STRONG , v v 

Are like 7 only less so; are very reverential. With strong 
Caution worship God u with fear and trembling” and are 
afraid to disturb any established creed or change time- 
honored ceremonies; with strong Conscience revere 
justice in God and man; with strong Spirituality and 
Hope worship in spirit. With strong Sublimity see God 
in the wonders of nature; with strong energies and mo¬ 
derate Kindness will worship God for His severity and 
endow Him with all of the attributes of human cruelty; 
with strong Kindness worship in love and sympathy. 

(5.)—VENERATION GOOD 

Are naturally reverential and respectful of God and things 
sacred; feel much of the devotional spirit and have much 
respect for those things recognized by the stronger facul- 





94 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


ties and are capable of becoming devoutly religious. 

UO—VENERATION AVERAGE 

Are somewhat respectful and religiously inclined but are 
controlled by the stronger elements. 'With strong Con¬ 
science and Kindness will show more justice and sympa¬ 
thy than true devotion in religious life; with strong Rea¬ 
soning Faculties will put more thought than fervency 
into prayer; with the other Moral Sentiments moderate 
and the propensities strong will be naturally irreligious, 
and not very respectful of the rights of others.— Cultivate . 

(3.)—(2.)—VENERATION MODERATE AND WEAK 
Are rather deficient in Veneration; have little natural 
tendency to worship and show very little respect for any¬ 
thing. With strong Spirituality may have implicit faith 
in a future state but will show little reverence for God. 
With strong Conscience and Causality can see no power 
above moral philosophy; have no respect for forms or 
ceremonies; revere things only for their usefulness; with 
strong propensities are most disrespectful, irreligious and 
inclined to ridicule and destroy whatever is sacred.— Cul. 

(i.)—VENERATION VERY WEAK 
Have no reverence for God or respect for man.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE VENERATION 

Study the divinity of nature, its adaptability, its advan¬ 
tages, its wonders and its beauties, then learn to revere 
nature’s God; strive to feel ever a personal dependence 
upon the Supreme Being, appreciate His wondrous 
goodness, feel His divine presence, drink in the hourly 
expressions of His love and let it warm the soul, then 
pour forth in earnest prayer true expressions of the 
soul’s longings, its desires for sympathy and its needs of 
a closer walk with God; be constantly respectful of law, 
virtue, old age and whatever is good and sacred in 
human life; by feeling respectful and breathing forth 
one’s love in praise to God, the power to feel, enjoy, 
praise and be happy and be blest in praising will be 
increased. 

TO RESTRAIN VENERATION 

Is seldom necessary in a well-balanced mind, yet one 





HUMAN NATURE. 


95 


should avoid religious fanaticism and of thrusting their 
fervor upon others at inappropriate times. Give no 
more respect to others than human equality will allow. 


KINDNESS—No. 43. 


(7.)—KINDNESS VERY STRONG 

Are extremely kind-hearted, sympathetic, and can not 
bear to cause needless pain; are free-hearted, liberal, 
charitable and forgiving; enjoy doing good; are a nat¬ 
ural reformer, a philanthropist and a peace-maker; 
see 6 .—Res tram. 

(6.)—KINDNESS STRONG 

Are very benevolent and sympathetic; with moderate 
propensities are very charitable. With strong Acquisi¬ 
tiveness will give more in the way of personal effort or 
advice than of money; with moderate Conscience are 
very forgiving; with strong affections are most tender 
and kind to loved ones, with strong Human Nature 
added have great love of humanity; with strong Caus¬ 
ality are a philosophical reformer and delight in plan¬ 
ning ways and means of reaching humanity; with mod¬ 
erate Acquisitiveness are prone to be extravagant in the 
use of money, and with moderate Conscience to be too 
forgiving to be just. 

(5.)—KINDNESS GOOD 

Are naturally kind, benevolent and charitable but will 
be much influenced by the stronget elements; with the 
propensities strong will look out for self first and under 
the influence of anger may be harsh or cruel, yet feel 
sorry for the rashness a moment later. With strong 
Firmness and Conscience are just rather than generous, 
may forgive but will not forget. 

(4.)—KINDNESS AVERAGE 

Are much influenced in the manifestations of Kindness 
by stronger elements; with strong Friendship will be 
kind to friends but not overly hospitable to the stranger; 
may be fairly charitable but will never impoverish self 






9 6 


DESCRIPTIVE CHART OF 


to help others and with strong propensities may even be 
cruel and severe.— Cultivate. 

(3.)—(2.)—KINDNESS nODERATE AND WEAK 
Manifest very little kindness except as it is inspired by 
other elements; with strong Acquisitiveness are selfish 
and miserly; with strong Continuity and Courage are 
decidedly unforgiving; with strong Conscience may be 
just but will be cold, may be good to those loved but 
will be selfish to humanity in general; with moderate 
Agreeableness and strong propensities will be most 
harsh and disagreeable and often lose much in the way 
of friendship and money from pure, unadulterated self¬ 
ishness.— Cultivate. 

(I.)—kindness very weak 

Feel very little of this sentiment; are actuated by other 
motives and controlled by other powers; if the other 
Moral Sentiments are weak will be brutally cruel and 
selfish.— Cultivate. 

TO CULTIVATE KINDNESS 

Strive always to feel a tender sympathy for the unfortu¬ 
nate; be kind to everything; be charitable both in giving 
and forgiving; remember that it is more blessed to give 
than to receive; see how many kind deeds, pleasant smiles 
and words of encouragement you can give each day; take 
an interest in all public charities, schemes of philanthropy 
and reformatory movements; get out of the narrow chan¬ 
nel of selfishness, come in touch through the subtle power 
of sympathy with all humanity, then strive to feel and 
rejoice in the feeling that all mankind are of one family 
in which perfect sympathy should reign. 

TO RESTRAIN KINDNESS 

Be more conservative in the sympathies; strive to be less 
charitable both in giving and forgiving; demand justice 
and hold all accountable for every act; never indorse; avoid 
being around the sick; avoid all books and theaters or 
whatever appeals to the sympathies; shun those who would 
excite forgiveness; be more selfish and always lemember 
that charity begins at home. 










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